Efecto de dos niveles de harina de laritaco (Vernonanthura patens) sobre la respuesta productiva y morfometría intestinal en pollos de engorde

            The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two levels (0.5 and 1%) of inclusion of “laritaco” flour (Vernonanthura patens) on the productive behavior and intestinal morphometry of broilers. In total, 588 male chicks of the Cobb 500 line were used, distributed in a block design in three treatments with seven repetitions each, considering a group of 28 chickens as an experimental unit. There were no differences between treatments in feed consumption, body weight and feed conversion; however, an increase in the length of the intestine segments was observed, as well as wider intestinal villi and shallower crypts.            El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de dos niveles (0.5 y 1%) de inclusión de harina de laritaco (Vernonanthura patens) en el comportamiento productivo y morfometría intestinal de pollos de engorde. Se utilizaron 588 pollitos machos de la línea Cobb 500, distribuidos en un diseño de bloques en tres tratamientos con siete repeticiones cada uno, considerándose como unidad experimental un grupo de 28 pollos. No hubo diferencias entre tratamientos en consumo de alimento, peso corporal y conversión alimenticia; sin embargo, se observó aumento en la longitud de los segmentos del intestino, así como vellosidades intestinales más anchas y criptas menos profundas

New Simplified Diagnostic Decision Trees for the Detention of Metabolic Syndrome in the Elderly

Background: A new simplified method for the detention of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is proposed using two variables (anthropometric and minimally invasive). Methods: A study of MetS prevalence was made on a sample of 361 older people. The anthropometric variables analyzed were: blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference (WC), waist–height ratio, body fat percentage, and waist–hip ratio. A crude and adjusted binary logistic regression was performed, and receiver operating characteristic curves were obtained for determining the predictive capacity of those variables. For the new detection method, decision trees were employed using automatic detection by interaction through Chi-square. Results: The prevalence of the MetS was of 43.7%. The final decision trees uses WC and basal glucose (BG), whose cutoff values were: for men, WC ≥ 102.5 cm and BG > 98 mg/dL (sensitivity = 67.1%, specificity = 90.3%, positive predictive value = 85%, validity index = 79.9%); and for women, WC ≥ 92.5 cm and BG ≥ 97 mg/dL (sensitivity = 65.9%, specificity = 92.7%, positive predictive value = 87.1%, validity index = 81.3%). In older women the best predictive value of MetS was a WC of 92.5 cm. Conclusions: It is possible to make a simplified diagnosis of MetS in older people using the WC and basal capillary glucose, with a high diagnostic accuracy and whose use could be recommended in the resource-poor health areas. A new cutting point in older women for the WC should be valued

The Teaching-Learning Process of Organic Chemistry in Agronomy Studies from an Interdisciplinary Perspective

Context: The education of an agronomy engineer largely depends on Organic Chemistry, since it offers essential knowledge to develop modern and sustainable agriculture. Therefore, this subject should be linked to the professional training and practice of agronomy engineers. Objective: The aim of this paper was to set up an interdisciplinary-professional algorithm for teaching and learning Organic Chemistry in the first year of Agronomy studies. Methods: A transversal descriptive study was performed in the period comprising February-March 2018, at the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences. The empirical methods used were document review, survey to teachers of the subject, as well as discussion group. Results: The main results show that the didactical system of the curriculum of subjects Organic Phemistry and Plant Health lack a suitable interdisciplinary approach; teachers refer to extra-class activities as the space for interdisciplinary work, which can be integrative, interdisciplinary, and professional. Conclusions: The teachers deemed it adequate to use the interdisciplinary-professional algorithm to prepare extra-class activities; hence students could link the contents of Organic Chemistry to topics of Plant Health, thus contributing with a more professional approach to Organic Chemistry within Agronomy studies

Antagonistic Capacity of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai against Fungal Pathogen Sclerotium oryzae (Catt.)

Context: The antagonistic capacity of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai against fungal pathogen Sclerotium oryzae (Catt.) strain A-34, and the action mechanisms against the fungal pathogen of Sclerotium oryzae (Catt.), which caused crop losses. Aim: To evaluate the antagonistic capacity of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai against the fungal pathogen Sclerotium oryzae (Catt.). Methods: The concentration of spores/ml-1, the viability and mycelia growth inhibition of the pathogen, and the antagonistic capacity of Trichoderma harzianum, through the action mechanisms. The results were processed using SPSS, version 22.0, for Windows, and Tukey’s test results had a 0.05% probability. A completely randomized experimental design was used for each pathogenic fungus. Results: No antibiosis was observed at 24 hours because the antagonistic did not inhibit pathogen growth; at 72 hours, there was hyphal interaction between S. oryzae and T. harzianum, and there was no mycoparasitism by the antagonist. S. oryzae grew more than the antagonistic at 96 hours, and at 120 hours, the antagonistic grew more than S. oryzae; therefore, no antagonistic or hyper-parasitic activity were observed in the pathogen. Conclusions: The antagonist did not affect the mycelial growth of S. oryzae during the dual challenge. Likewise, T. harzianum (strain A-34) showed no antagonistic activity against Sclerotium oryzae, with a negative inhibition percent of Radial Growth, seen through antibiosis and the action mechanisms

Nutritional Impact and Eating Pattern Changes in Schizophrenic Spectrum Disorders after Health Education Program on Symbiotic Dietary Modulation Offered by Specialised Psychiatric Nursing–Two-Arm Randomised Clinical Trial

Background: The traditional therapeutic approach has perceived the role of nutrition as a minor intervention in psychiatry. The microbiota–gut–brain axis theory evidences the influence of dietary and nutritional patterns on mental health. Aims: To evidence the impact of dietary advice on increasing symbiotic intake on nutritional status and dietary habits in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Methods: Randomised clinical trial (two-arm, double-blind, balanced-block, six-month intervention) in 50 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The control group received conventional dietary advice on an individual basis. A personal nutritional education programme was established in the intervention group (IG) to increase prebiotic and probiotic intake through dietary advice (dairy and fermented foods, green leafy vegetables, high-fibre fruit, whole grains, etc.). Data on nutritional status and dietary habits were collected (baseline and six months). The degree of dietary adherence to the recommended patterns was recorded weekly. Anthropometric parameters were also analysed monthly. Results: Finally, 44 subjects completed the follow-up. All participants exceeded the dietary reference intakes. The overall and intra-group analysis showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction in macro and micronutrient intakes with a closer approximation to the recommended dietary intakes, except for polyunsaturated fatty acids, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides and dietary fibre. After six months of intervention, statistical differences (p < 0.001) were found in all variables of the anthropometric profile in the IG, as well as an increase in the consumption of foods with a high symbiotic content (at baseline and six months). Likewise, a reduction in eggs, meat, fish, sugars and ultra-processed foods was evident, leading to significant intra-group differences (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Implementing conventional nutritional education strategies and specific nutritional advice with a symbiotic effect improves the dietary-nutritional profile in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Furthermore, it highlights the nutritional impact on mental health, stating itself as adjuvant therapy for physical health and lifestyle improvement

Compatibilidad de Trichoderma harzianum Rifai con fungicidas del arroz y su efecto sobre tres fitopatógenos fúngicos

La investigación se realizó en el Laboratorio Provincial de Sanidad Vegetal en Camagüey, en la etapa comprendida de septiembre de 2013 a septiembre de 2015, en condiciones in vitro donde se determinó la compatibilidad y capacidad antagónica frente a pesticidas usados en el arroz, de Trichoderma harzianum Rifai cepa A-34 sobre los patógenos del arroz (Bipolaris oryzae Breda de Haan, Saracladium oryzae (Sawada) w. Gams & D.Hawksworth y Magnaporthe grisea (Hebert) Barr). Las evaluaciones mediante métodos tradicionales de aislamiento microbiológico del crecimiento micelial, la esporulación y la germinación conidial del antagonista para determinar si ejerce los mecanismos de acción de antibiosis, competencia, y parasitismo ante los patógenos fúngicos se efectuaron a partir desde las 24 hasta las 216 horas empleando. Para el análisis estadístico se empleó un diseño bifactorial en el cultivo dual, además de las escalas para la determinación de la capacidad antagónica de los microorganismos. Los ingredientes activos tebuconazol + procloraz, trifloxistrobin+ ciproconazol, y epoxiconazol + kresoxim- metil, afectaron el crecimiento micelial del antagonista, por otra parte el antagonista frente a los ingredientes activos carbendazim, oxicloruro de cobre, azoxistrobina y tebuconazol + triadimenol tuvo crecimiento micelial, esporulación e interacción con los patógenos afectándose el crecimiento de los mismos a través de los mecanismos de acción de enrollamiento, penetración, granulación , y lisis celular desde las 96 hasta las 216 horas

Umami ingredient from shiitake (Lentinula edodes) by-products as a flavor enhancer in low-salt beef burgers: Effects on physicochemical and technological properties

The impact of salt reduction and addition of Umami Ingredient, obtained from shiitake stipes, on the physicochemical and technological properties of beef burgers was evaluated. Seven treatments were performed: one control (regular salt content) and six low-salt formulations with different levels of salt and Umami Ingredient. Cooked burgers with salt reduction and Umami Ingredient addition showed a slight increase in lightness and yellowness, but no effect was found for redness, pH, and water activity. There was no decrease in cooking loss and diameter reduction in any of the formulations and only samples with 70% salt reduction were significantly less hard and chewy in comparison to the control. An increase in the free amino acids proline and phenylalanine was observed in treatments with Umami Ingredient. In general, the treatments did not affect amino acid profiles compared to the control and the most abundant amino acids were those related to the umami taste (glutamic and aspartic acids). The volatile profile of beef burgers showed a slight increase in compounds also found in the Umami Ingredient, mainly 3-methylbutanal, (S)-(+)-1,2-Propanediol and dimethyl sulfide. Based on physicochemical and technological parameters, the Umami Ingredient can be considered a promising natural flavor enhancer for low-salt beef burgers.Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development | Ref. 423513/2018-4Axencia Galega de Innovación | Ref. IN607A2019/01Fundación de Investigación de São Paulo (FAPESP) | Ref. 2019/24507 -3Fundación de Investigación de São Paulo (FAPESP) | Ref. 2019/02280-7CYTED | Ref. 119RT056

La enseñanza aprendizaje de la química orgánica desde lo interdisciplinario-profesional en la carrera de Agronomía

Context: The education of an agronomy engineer largely depends on Organic Chemistry, since it offers essential knowledge to develop modern and sustainable agriculture. Therefore, this subject should be linked to the professional training and practice of agronomy engineers. Objective: The aim of this paper was to set up an interdisciplinary-professional algorithm for teaching and learning Organic Chemistry in the first year of Agronomy studies. Methods: A transversal descriptive study was performed in the period comprising February-March 2018, at the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences. The empirical methods used were document review, survey to teachers of the subject, as well as discussion group. Results: The main results show that the didactical system of the curriculum of subjects Organic Phemistry and Plant Health lack a suitable interdisciplinary approach; teachers refer to extra-class activities as the space for interdisciplinary work, which can be integrative, interdisciplinary, and professional. Conclusions: The teachers deemed it adequate to use the interdisciplinary-professional algorithm to prepare extra-class activities; hence students could link the contents of Organic Chemistry to topics of Plant Health, thus contributing with a more professional approach to Organic Chemistry within Agronomy studies.Contexto: En la formación de un ingeniero en Agronomía los contenidos que aporta la Química Orgánica son significativos, pues esta ciencia ofrece conocimientos esenciales para desarrollar una agricultura moderna y sostenible. Por tanto, se debe vincular la asignatura con la práctica profesional del ingeniero agrónomo. Objetivo: El objetivo fue establecer un algoritmo interdisciplinario-profesional para la enseñanza aprendizaje de la Química Orgánica en el primer año de la carrera de Agronomía. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en el período comprendido entre febrero y marzo de 2018 en la facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. De los métodos empíricos, fueron empleados el análisis de documentos, la encuesta a profesores del colectivo de asignatura y la técnica de los grupos de discusión. Resultados: Los principales resultados muestran que el sistema didáctico de los programas de Química Orgánica y Sanidad Vegetal no tienen un adecuado enfoque interdisciplinario; los profesores señalan como diseños de propuestas interdisciplinarias las tareas, las que pueden ser integradoras, interdisciplinarias y tareas profesionales. Conclusiones: Se considera de adecuado por los docentes el algoritmo interdisciplinario-profesional, así como la aplicación del mismo para la elaboración del trabajo extraclase y mediante su realización los estudiantes vinculan los contenidos de la Química Orgánica con temas de Sanidad Vegetal lo que contribuye a profesionalizar esta asignatura básica en la carrera de Agronomía

Alternativas de manejo en el control de la Sigatoka negra (Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet).

Con el objetivo de evaluar alternativas en el control de la Sigatoka negra n se desarrolló esta investigación en la Unidad Empresarial de Base “Atención a Productores” en Siboney, municipio Sibanicú, provincia Camagüey. En el período comprendido entre junio del 2008  a octubre del 2009 a través de  un experimento  con diseño bloques al azar con el fin de establecer el efecto de varias prácticas de manejo en el control de la Sigatoka negra en el plátano Enano Guantanamero. Se estudiaron combinaciones de prácticas de manejo como el uso de fertilizaciones de fórmula completa y orgánica, el marco de plantación  utilizado fue de 1 m ×2 m × 3m, la compra de las semillas se realizó  en la Biofábrica de Camagüey, que fueron desinfectadas al momento de la plantación  durante una hora con una solución de Mancozeb  SC (5 g /1 de agua) y se adicionó lixiviado de humus de lombriz (ácido fúlvico) (5ml/l de agua). Se realizaron labores agrotécnicas  de despunte, aplicación de fertilización óptima y de un químico protectante, en combinación hasta llegar a doce tratamientos. Se evaluaron las hojas más jóvenes enfermas, hojas más joven manchada y el índice de severidad. Las combinación de Fertilización + Despunte + Fungicida + lixiviado de humus de lombriz,  mostró las mejores respuestas al reducir el  Índice de Severidad  de las dos enfermedades, con valores medios que oscilaron entre 39,5 y 43,3, así como una alta respuesta a los indicadores morfológicos y productivos del clon AAB Enano Guantanamero.  Management alternatives for the control of black Sigatoka (Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet).ABSTRACTIn order to evaluate alternatives in the control of black Sigatoka n this research was conducted at the Base Business Unit "Attention to Producers" in Siboney, Sibanicú municipality, Camagüey province. In the period from June 2008 to October 2009 by an experiment with randomized block design in order to establish the effect of various management practices on the control of Black Sigatoka in banana Dwarf Guantanamero. Combinations of management practices such as the use of fertilizations complete and organic formula, the plantation frame used were studied was 1 m × 2 m × 3m, buying seeds are held in Biofactory Camaguey that were disinfected at planting time for one hour with a solution of Mancozeb SC (5 g / 1 water) and added vermicompost leachate (5ml / l of water) (fulvic acid). Agro-technical work emergence, optimal fertilization and application of a chemical protectant in combination up to twelve treatments were performed. Diseased leaves younger, youngest leaves spotted and severity index were evaluated. The combination of Fertilization+ Death leaf pruning + Fungicide + Vermicompost leachate showed the best responses to reduce the Severity Index of the two diseases, with mean values ranging between 39.5 and 43.3 and a high response morphological and productive indicators AAB Dwarf Guantanamero clone.

Efecto de Trichoderma harzianum Rifai en el control de Ustilago maydis (DC.) Cda en maíz (Zea mays L.)

La investigación se realizó en áreas de la Unidad Básica de Producción Cooperativa “La Yaya”, perteneciente a la UEB Atención a Productores Cañeros de la Empresa Azucarera Camagüey, en la comunidad “Alfredo Álvarez Mola”, municipio Sibanicú, sobre un suelo Pardo sialítico en el que se evaluó el efecto de la aplicación de la cepa A - 34 de T. harzianum en el control del U. maydis en el cultivo de maíz. Se utilizó un diseño de bloque al azar con cuatro réplicas divididas en nueve unidades experimentales de 30 m2. Se realizaron aspersiones del hongo antagonista a los 15, 30, 45 y 60 días de germinado el cultivo, con dosis de 2,0; 2,5; 3,0; 3,5; 4,0; 4,5; 5,0 y 5,5 kg.ha-1con un control relativo. Se evaluaron los indicadores incidencia de la enfermedad y eficacia de T. harzianum, los parámetros morfológicos altura de la planta, diámetro del tallo, longitud de la hoja y los indicadores productivos parámetros, masa de la mazorca, diámetro de la mazorca, longitud de la mazorca, número de hileras.mazorca-1 y número de granos.hilera-1. Se comprobó que el tratamiento de mejores resultados fue el 8, con dosis de 5,5 kg.ha-1 y diferencias significativas sobre las variantes estudiadas