Essays in Family Economics

Programa de Doctorado en Economía por la Universidad Carlos III de MadridPresidente: Nezih Guner.- Secretario: Zoë Kuehn.- Vocal: John Knowle

Aiki – Control. Impedir herir sin herir

José Santos Nalda Albiac, Pablo Nalda Gimeno y Natalia Nalda Gimeno. Barcelona: Alas, 2010. 344 pp. 17x23.5 cm. I.S.B.N.: 978-84-203-0490-8

Aiki – Control. Impedir herir sin herir

[ES] José Santos Nalda Albiac es una persona sobradamente conocida en el ámbito hispanohablante de las artes marciales. Practicante desde 1960, es autor de más de una treintena de libros sobre artes marciales y zen, y creador del método Gendai Bu Jutsu. Ha recibido la medalla al mérito deportivo y el premio de la Asocición para el Fomento del Aikido (AFA) por su labor de difusión de este arte. Para la elaboración de la obra que aquí se comenta se hace acompañar de sus hijos y alumnos Pablo Nalda Gimeno y Natalia Nalda Gimeno

Defensa integral penitenciaria

La defensa integral penitenciaria es el conjunto de técnicas encaminadas a conseguir la resolución de las situaciones de alteración del orden que pueden tener lugar en el ámbito penitenciario. El presente artículo tiene por objeto estudiar el alcance y el marco jurídico característico de la defensa personal penitenciaria, definido por las particularidades de un contexto de reclusión y una normatividad muy específica orientada a asegurar la integridad tanto de los presos como del personal penitenciario como de las propias instalaciones. Se incluye asimismo una sección técnica donde se ilustran algunos de los principales fundamentos y procedimientos de la defensa integral penitenciaria en el ámbito físico: cacheos, entrada en celda, traslado de un interno, resistencias activas, agresiones entre internos, defensa reglamentaria, utilización de las esposas, técnicas contra agarres, técnicas contra ataques con mano libre (i.e., sin armas) y técnicas contra ataques con arma blanca

Fucoxanthin and Rosmarinic Acid Combination Has Anti-Inflammatory Effects through Regulation of NLRP3 Inflammasome in UVB-Exposed HaCaT Keratinocytes

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the main risk factor to develop skin pathologies or cancer because it encourages oxidative condition and skin inflammation. In this sense, strategies for its prevention are currently being evaluated. Natural products such as carotenoids or polyphenols, which are abundant in the marine environment, have been used in the prevention of oxidative stress due to their demonstrated antioxidant activities. Nevertheless, the anti-inflammatory activity and its implication in photo-prevention have not been extensively studied. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the combination of fucoxanthin (FX) and rosmarinic acid (RA) on cell viability, apoptosis induction, inflammasome regulation, and anti-oxidative response activation in UVB-irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes. We demonstrated for the first time that the combination of FX and RA (5 µM RA plus 5 µM FX, designated as M2) improved antioxidant and anti-inflammatory profiles in comparison to compounds assayed individually, by reducing UVB-induced apoptosis and the consequent ROS production. Furthermore, the M2 combination modulated the inflammatory response through down-regulation of inflammasome components such as NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1, and the interleukin (IL)-1β production. In addition, Nrf2 and HO-1 antioxidant genes expression increased in UVB-exposed HaCaT cells pre-treated with M2. These results suggest that this combination of natural products exerts photo-protective effects by down-regulating NRLP3-inflammasome and increasing Nrf2 signalling pathway.Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa-POLFANAT-P12-AGR-430Portugal, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)-CESAM-UID/AMB/50017/2019Portugal, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)-CEECIND/04050/2017Universidad de Sevilla "V Plan Propio US-PPI2015-1.5"

Recent developments in financing and bank lending to the non-financial private sector: first half of 2022

Artículo de revistaIn 2022 to date there has been a tightening of financing conditions for firms and households, with a strong rise in the cost of corporate debt issuance and a contraction in the supply of loans. However, the pass-through of market interest rates to bank lending interest rates appears to be somewhat slower than in other historical bouts of interest rate hikes. Against this backdrop, the flow of new funding raised by households and firms and their outstanding debt have increased moderately or remained stable. Lending by deposit institutions (DIs) for non-financial business activities declined in 2022 Q1, more than offsetting the increase in the balance of loans for house purchase, while in April and May their joint performance was moderately expansionary. Since early 2022 and despite the worsening of the macro-financial environment, the credit quality of the DIs’ portfolio has continued to improve in general, except in the case of financing allocated to the sectors most affected by the pandemic, as well as in Official Credit Institute (ICO)-backed loans as a whole. The materialisation of adverse macro-financial scenarios might lead to less buoyancy in the volume of bank lending and the deterioration of its quality in the coming quarters

Fucoxanthin-Containing Cream Prevents Epidermal Hyperplasia and UVB-Induced Skin Erythema in Mice

Microalgae represent a source of bio-active compounds such as carotenoids with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We aimed to investigate the effects of fucoxanthin (FX) in both in vitro and in vivo skin models. Firstly, its anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages and TNF-α-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes, and its antioxidant activity in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. Next, in vitro and ex vivo permeation studies were developed to determine the most suitable formulation for in vivo FX topical application. Then, we evaluated the effects of a FX-containing cream on TPA-induced epidermal hyperplasia in mice, as well as on UVB-induced acute erythema in hairless mice. Our results confirmed the in vitro reduction of TNF-α, IL-6, ROS and LDH production. Since the permeation results showed that cream was the most favourable vehicle, FX-cream was elaborated. This formulation effectively ameliorated TPA-induced hyperplasia, by reducing skin edema, epidermal thickness, MPO activity and COX-2 expression. Moreover, FX-cream reduced UVB-induced erythema through down-regulation of COX-2 and iNOS as well as up-regulation of HO-1 protein via Nrf-2 pathway. In conclusion, FX, administered in a topical formulation, could be a novel natural adjuvant for preventing exacerbations associated with skin inflammatory pathologies as well as protecting skin against UV radiation

Enhancing adult hippocampal neurogenesis with lysophosphatidic acid: a proposal for erasing cocaine contextual memory

Stimulating adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) has been uncovered as a promising approach in the manipulation of retrograde memories. This work aims to study whether increasing AHN with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA, an endogenous lysophospholipid with proneurogenic actions) promotes the forgetting of previously established cocaine-contextual associations. C57BL/6J mice previously trained in a cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm were submitted to 23 days of withdrawal, during which they received repeated intracerebroventricular infusions of LPA, ki16425 (a selective LPA1/3 receptors antagonist), or vehicle solution. Then, CPP maintenance was assessed, and the causal role of AHN in this process was evaluated using a mediation analysis. In a complementary experiment, wild-type and LPA1-null mice were acutely infused with LPA or ki16425 to determine the involvement of the LPA1 receptor in the in vivo proneurogenic actions of LPA. The chronic LPA treatment significantly weakened the long-term retention of a previously acquired cocaine-CPP memory, an effect clearly mediated by a LPA-induced increase in the number of adult-born dentate granule cells. In contrast, the ki16425-treated mice displayed aberrant responses of initially decreased CPP retention that progressively increased CPP across the extinction sessions, in absence of effects on AHN. The histological studies suggested that the proneurogenic actions of LPA were related to the enhancement of cell proliferation and critically depended on the LPA1 receptor function. Our results suggest that the LPA/LPA1-pathway acts as a potent in vivo modulator of AHN, and highlight the usefulness of a post-learning increase of adult-born hippocampal neurons as a strategy to promote the forgetting of cocaine-context associations.Plan Propio de Investigación y Transferencia. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Agencia Estatal de Investigación), co‐funded by the European Research Development Fund (AEI/FEDER, UE) (PSI2013‐44901‐P and PSI2017‐82604‐R to L.J.S. and PSI2015‐73156‐JIN to E.C.O.); by the National System of Health‐Instituto de Salud Carlos III, which is co‐funded by AEI/FEDER, UE (Red de Trastornos Adictivos; RD16/0017/0001 to F.R.d.F.); and by the Andalusian R&D&I Programme, Regional Ministry of Economy and Knowledge (PAIDI CTS643 to G.E.T.). D.L.G.M. hold a FPU grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports (FPU13/04819 ). F.R.d.F. and G.E.T. are supported by Nicolas Monardes Programme, from the Andalusian Regional Ministry of Health. E.C.O. holds a ‘Jóvenes Investigadores’ grant (code: PSI2015‐73156‐JIN) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Agencia Estatal de Investigación), which is co‐funded by the AEI/FEDER, UE

Evolución reciente de la financiación y del crédito bancario al sector privado no financiero: primer semestre de 2022

Artículo de revistaDurante la parte transcurrida de 2022 se ha producido un endurecimiento de las condiciones de financiación de las empresas y de los hogares, con un fuerte repunte de los costes de la emisión de deuda corporativa y una contracción de la oferta de préstamos. La transmisión de los tipos de interés de mercado a los del crédito bancario estaría siendo, sin embargo, algo más lenta que en otros episodios históricos de subidas de los tipos de interés. En este contexto, el flujo de nueva financiación captada por hogares y por empresas y el saldo vivo de su deuda han avanzado moderadamente o se han mantenido estables. El saldo de crédito concedido a las actividades empresariales no financieras por las entidades de depósito (ED) descendió en el primer trimestre de 2022, más que compensando la expansión del saldo de crédito para adquisición de vivienda, mientras que en abril y en mayo su comportamiento conjunto ha sido moderadamente expansivo. Desde el inicio de 2022, y pese al deterioro del entorno macrofinanciero, la calidad crediticia de la cartera de las ED ha continuado mejorando de forma general, excepto en el caso de la financiación destinada a las ramas de actividad más afectadas por la pandemia, y en el conjunto de las operaciones que cuentan con el aval del Instituto de Crédito Oficial. La materialización de escenarios macrofinancieros adversos podría suponer en los próximos trimestres un menor dinamismo del volumen de crédito bancario y un deterioro en su calidad