Technical phosphoproteomic and bioinformatic tools useful in cancer research

Reversible protein phosphorylation is one of the most important forms of cellular regulation. Thus, phosphoproteomic analysis of protein phosphorylation in cells is a powerful tool to evaluate cell functional status. The importance of protein kinase-regulated signal transduction pathways in human cancer has led to the development of drugs that inhibit protein kinases at the apex or intermediary levels of these pathways. Phosphoproteomic analysis of these signalling pathways will provide important insights for operation and connectivity of these pathways to facilitate identification of the best targets for cancer therapies. Enrichment of phosphorylated proteins or peptides from tissue or bodily fluid samples is required. The application of technologies such as phosphoenrichments, mass spectrometry (MS) coupled to bioinformatics tools is crucial for the identification and quantification of protein phosphorylation sites for advancing in such relevant clinical research. A combination of different phosphopeptide enrichments, quantitative techniques and bioinformatic tools is necessary to achieve good phospho-regulation data and good structural analysis of protein studies. The current and most useful proteomics and bioinformatics techniques will be explained with research examples. Our aim in this article is to be helpful for cancer research via detailing proteomics and bioinformatic tools

Experimental study of hybrid-knife endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) versus standard ESD in a Western country

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an effective but time-consuming treatment for early neoplasia that requires a high level of expertise. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and learning curve of gastric ESD with a hybrid knife with high pressure water jet and to compare with standard ESD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a prospective non survival animal study comparing hybrid-knife and standard gastric ESD. Variables recorded were: Number of en-bloc ESD, number of ESD with all marks included (R0), size of specimens, time and speed of dissection and adverse events. Ten endoscopists performed a total of 50 gastric ESD (30 hybrid-knife and 20 standard). RESULTS: Forty-six (92 %) ESD were en-bloc and 25 (50 %) R0 (hybrid-knife: n = 13, 44 %; standard: n = 16, 80 %; p = 0.04). Hybrid-knife ESD was faster than standard (time: 44.6 +/- 21.4 minutes vs. 68.7 +/- 33.5 minutes; p = 0.009 and velocity: 20.8 +/- 9.2 mm(2)/min vs. 14.3 +/- 9.3 mm(2)/min (p = 0.079). Adverse events were not different. There was no change in speed with any of two techniques (hybrid-knife: From 20.33 +/- 15.68 to 28.18 +/- 20.07 mm(2)/min; p = 0.615 and standard: From 6.4 +/- 0.3 to 19.48 +/- 19.21 mm(2)/min; p = 0.607). The learning curve showed a significant improvement in R0 rate in the hybrid-knife group (from 30 % to 100 %). CONCLUSION: despite the initial performance of hybrid-knife ESD is worse than standard ESD, the learning curve with hybrid knife ESD is short and is associated with a rapid improvement. The introduction of new tools to facilitate ESD should be implemented with caution in order to avoid a negative impact on the results

Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection. Sociedad Española de Endoscopia Digestiva (SEED) clinical guideline

The reason to write this guideline is to familiarize Spanish endoscopists and gastroenterologists not only with the general indications of the procedure and possible complications but also the dedicated tools

Cholangioscopy: seeing to believe, seeing to know, seeing to cure

La colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE) sigue siendo el “gold standard” para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las enfermedades biliopancreáticas y cada año se realizan más de un millón de ellas en todo el mundo. Este procedimiento ha sido siempre realizado por un grupo de aguerridos endoscopistas que han sido capaces de desarrollar día a día todo su potencial diagnóstico y terapéutico a lo largo de los 50 años de vida de esta técnica, siempre sacando el máximo partido posible de las imágenes radiológicas y siempre soñando en secreto con poder ver directamente aquel territorio proscrito y condenado al olvido.Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) remains the gold standard for the diagnosis and treatment of biliopancreatic disorders, and over one million ERCP procedures are performed each year worldwide. ERCP has always been performed by a group of courageous endoscopists who on a daily basis managed to develop its full diagnostic and therapeutic potential over the technique's 50 years of lifespan, always making the most of radiographic images, ever secretly dreaming of directly viewing the banned, consigned-to-oblivion territory.Sin financiación1.858 JCR (2018) Q4, 70/84 Gastroenterology & Hepatology0.524 SJR (2018) Q2, 1255/2844 Medicine (miscellaneous)No data IDR 2018UE

Colonic endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) with the over-the-scope device (FTRD): a short case series

The endoscopic treatment of early gastrointestinal neoplasms usually involves the resection of the superficial layers, mucosa and submucosa, of the wall. However, in some circumstances, a full-thickness resection may be necessary. Endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) may be an adequate approach in challenging lesions such as adenomas or early cancers with severe submucosal fibrosis or small sub-epithelial lesions in the lower GI tract. Furthermore, this novel technique has the potential to spare surgical therapy in a subset of cases. In this paper, we describe our results with the full-thickness resection device (FTRD) in three different situations

Complications of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy-jejunostomy for levodopa/carbidopa infusion in advanced Parkinson's disease

Continuous infusions of levodopa directly into the duodenum-yeyunum is an effective therapy to reduce daily off time in an advanced stage of Parkinson's disease, but it is not without complications, particularly device related problems. We present our experience in three Spanish hospitals with these complications, including a severe case with migration, several decubitus ulcers, and one case of perforation of the bowel and finally death

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of antral subepithelial lesion suspected of malignancy

Subepithelial gastric tumours comprise a heterogeneous group of lesions. Endoscopic ultrasonography with fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is a useful approach but cannot always offer a definitive diagnosis to guide future therapeutic decisions. In the case we describe, biopsy samples of an antral subepithelial lesion and cytological analysis obtained with an EUS-FNA suggested the diagnosis of an adenocarcinoma. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) allowed en bloc resection of the tumour ensuring diagnosis and providing a definitive treatment