Territorio en mutación: la industria textil-confección como factor de desarrollo local en Galicia

Textile and clothing industries have seen in Galicia a very important growth process during the last decades. This activity is located in a specific way in certain places and spaces, where local productive systems are configurated, while in the other ones their presence is weaker. Another characteristic of the sector is the contrast between two manegerial models: one linked to the multinational group Inditex, and the other one associated to a group of smaller companies, but showing great competitive ability in the quality segments linked to design. Both have decentralized a significative part of their productive process to a wide net of co-operatives and little workrooms, mainly located in rural areas. The current analysis presents as objectives: to present the managerial strategies of both existing productive models, to individualize those socioeconomic and territorial factors which have contributed to the development of the activity, to identify the main territorial implications that the sector has caused in those places where their presence is more significant.La industria textil y de la confección ha experimentado en Galicia un muy notable proceso de expansión en las últimas décadas. Esta actividad se localiza de modo específico en determinadas localidades y espacios, donde se configuran sistemas productivos locales, mientras en el resto su presencia es más débil. Otra de las características del sector es el contraste existente entre dos modelos empresariales: el vinculado al grupo multinacional Inditex y aquel asociado a un grupo de empresas de menor entidad, pero de gran capacidad competitiva en los segmentos de calidad asociados al diseño. El presente análisis presenta como objetivos: presentar las estrategias empresariales de los dos modelos productivos existentes, individualizar aquellos factores de carácter socioeconómico y territorial que han favorecido el desarrollo de la actividad e identificar las principales implicaciones territoriales que el sector ha generado en aquellas localidades donde su presencia es más significativ

Crack-Depth Prediction in Steel Based on Cooling Rate

One criterion for the evaluation of surface cracks in steel welds is to analyze the depth of the crack, because it is an effective indicator of its potential risk. This paper proposes a new methodology to obtain an accurate crack-depth prediction model based on the combination of infrared thermography and the 3D reconstruction procedure. In order to do this, a study of the cooling rate of the steel is implemented through active infrared thermography, allowing the study of the differential thermal behavior of the steel in the fissured zone with respect to the nonfissured zone. These cooling rate data are correlated with the real geometry of the crack, which is obtained with the 3D reconstruction of the welds through a macrophotogrammetric procedure. In this way, it is possible to analyze the correlation between cooling rate and depth through the different zones of the crack. The results of the study allow the establishment of an accurate predictive depth model which enables the study of the depth of the crack using only the cooling rate data. In this way, the remote measure of the depth of the surface steel crack based on thermography is possible

Flow injection determination of readily assimilable nitrogen compounds during vinification

A flow injection method for the determination of readily assimilable nitrogen (r.a.n.), i.e. ammonium and aminated nitrogen, is reported. The difference in pH of the sample in the presence and absence of formaldehyde, which blocks the amino function, provides the value of r.a.n. by monitoring the changes in absorbance of bromothymol blue at 616 nm. The detection and quantification limits are 10 and 11.6 mg l-1, respectively; the reproducibility and repeatability are 3.94 mg l-1 and 1.35 mg l-1, respectively; and the sample throughput is 20 samples h-1. The method has been applied to the analysis of 120 samples of must and wine subjected to biological aging. The proposed method also provides good correlation with the reference method used in routine analysis, and it is faster and gives sufficient precision for wineries requirements

Filaments in Galactic Winds Driven by Young Stellar Clusters

The starburst galaxy M82 shows a system of H$\alpha$-emitting filaments which extend to each side of the galactic disk. We model these filaments as the result of the interaction between the winds from a distribution of Super Stellar Clusters (SSCs). We first derive the condition necessary for producing a radiative interaction between the cluster winds (a condition which is met by the SSC distribution of M82). We then compute 3D simulations for SSC wind distributions which satisfy the condition for a radiative interaction, and also for distributions which do not satisfy this condition. We find that the highly radiative models, that result from the interaction of high metallicity cluster winds, produce a structure of H$\alpha$ emitting filaments, which qualitatively agrees with the observations of the M82, while the non-radiative SSC wind interaction models do not produce filamentary structures. Therefore, our criterion for radiative interactions (which depends on the mass loss rate and the terminal velocity of the SSC winds, and the mean separation between SSCs) can be used to predict whether or not an observed galaxy should have associated H$\alpha$ emitting filaments.Comment: 10 pages, 6 Figures. ApJ Accepted, August 7, 200

Novel post-processing procedure to enhance casting molds manufactured by binder jetting AM

The significant improvements made in additive manufacturing (AM) techniques since their beginnings, coupled with its intrinsic advantages, have resulted in a technology that stands out as most suitable for applications in leading sectors today. In addition to some of the properties of the parts, there are also some inherent aspects of AM techniques that hinder their applicability. In this respect, the application of calcium sulfate parts manufactured by binder jetting (BJ), as expendable casting elements, is limited by both the high quantity of volatile substances, due to the BJ process, and their low compression resistance. In this work, a novel part post-processing procedure is presented. This procedure consists of applying various heat treatments, in combination with a vacuum infiltration process using an Epsom salt solution. The procedure reduces the volatile content of BJ AM parts and enhances the compression strength with little modification to the part geometry. This post-processing substantially improves the applicability of BJ AM parts as expendable casting elements. After presenting this novel procedure and analyzing the significant enhancement of the properties of the AM calcium sulfate parts (i.e. permeability, the reduction of volatile content and reduction of compressive strength), a case study is presented with an expendable mold for aluminum casting. This procedure allows for a safer casting process, improves the part’s surface quality and reduces the internal porosity of the cast parts.S

Análisis de la mortalidad en pacientes con fracturas subcapitales de cadera

El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar un estudio analítico restrospectivo de la mortalidad de una serie de 528 fracturas subcapitales de cadera en 523 pacientes tratados en nuestro centro mediante prótesis cérvico-cefálica cementada durante el periodo de 1978-1986. De estos 523 pacientes, 190 (36%) habían fallecido en el momento de realizar el estudio. Hemos analizado la mortalidad hospitalaria, 47 casos (9%) y 6 meses después de la intervención, 104 (20%). Se han demostrado como factores de alto riesgo: edad superior a 85 años, presentar tres o más enfermedades asociadas, complicaciones generales en el postoperatorio (escaras, tromboembolismo pulmonar, infarto agudo de miocardio, neumonía, etc.) complicaciones locales como la luxación de la prótesis y finalmente, una demora en la intervención superior a 6 días.We report a retrospective study analyzing the mortality of 528 femoral neck fractures in 523 patients treated with Thompson or Cathcart prosthesis during the period 1978-1986. The hospital mortality was 9% (47 cases) and 20% (104 cases) the mortality and six-months after surgery. High risk factors, were found to be: age more than 85 years-old, three o more preoperative illness, postoperative general complications (Pulmonar tromboembolism, Acute myocardial infarction, sores, pneumonia), dislocation of the prosthesis and a more than 6 days delay surgery