El género Pluteus (Agaricales, Pluteaceae) en México

ResumenDe los 47 taxones de Pluteus previamente citados para México, sólo se reconocen 33. En este trabajo se analizan y discuten 11 de ellos por presentar cierta problemática en su determinación, o ser poco conocidas; se incluyen comentarios taxonómicos y se aportan datos que permiten su diferenciación morfológica. Para el estudio de estos 11 taxones, se examinaron los ejemplares tipo de 5, además de ejemplares de referencia relacionados con las especies reportadas, con la finalidad de corroborar las determinaciones. Se incluye también una clave dicotómica de los 33 taxones que prosperan en el país y se amplía el conocimiento de la distribución para algunos de estos taxones.AbstractOf the 47 taxa previously cited for México, only the presence of 33 was confirmed. This work analyzes and discusses 11 of them due to certain identification problems, or to the fact that they are poorly known species; taxonomic comments are included as well as data that allow their morphological differentiation. For the study of these 11 taxa, 5 specimens type were examined, and additional reference specimens related to the reported species, in order to corroborate the identities. Additionally, a dichotomous key is provided for the 33 taxa in Mexico, and the distribution for some of these taxa is expanded

Viajeros gallegos por Europa: los diarios de Castelao y Vicente Risco

A. Castelao and V. Risco, two Galician writers, travel around Europe between the world wars, granted by «la Junta de Ampliación de Estudios». This work deals with some subjects about the travelling books as a literary essay, from a comparative research about these cultural travelling diaries

Muller, exilio e novela en Galicia

[RESUMO] O traballo analiza con enfoque comparado un corpus de catro novelas sobre o exilio republicano de 1939 relacionadas coas mulleres de Galicia. Dúas delas foron publicadas por escritoras que viviron o exilio uns vinte anos despois do inicio da diáspora. As outras dúas foron editadas recentemente en galego por autores que crearon personaxes a partir de figuras de exiliadas galegas reais. Expóñense as experiencias vitais e amósanse trazos e citas dos textos antes de chegar ás conclusións

Blanco Pérez, Domingo: Historia da literatura popular galega.

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La literatura comparada en la Península Ibérica desde un enfoque sistémico e interliterario

This chapter presents, as a general reflection, the most studied and applied theoretical trends of the essays about Iberian comparative literature today. First, it offers the principles and methods of some of the most representative schools of literary theories considering literature as a socio-cultural system defined by the relationships between the elements that make it up. Then, it deals with the studies on interliterary communities initiated by the School of Bratislava.Este capítulo presenta, a modo de reflexión, las corrientes teóricas con mayor rendimiento de estudio y aplicación en trabajos sobre literatura comparada ibérica en la actualidad. En primer lugar se ofrecen los principios y métodos de algunas de las escuelas más representativas de las teorías literarias que coinciden en considerar la literatura como sistema socio-cultural, definido por las relaciones entre los elementos que lo componen. A continuación, se ocupa de los estudios sobre las comunidades interliterarias, iniciados por la Escuela de Bratislava

Ramón Otero Pedrayo en la revista Misión, de Orense, durante los años de la Guerra Civil.

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From Microbes to Management: Spatial and Temporal Variations in Available Vegetation Affect the Gut Microbiota in a Population of Free-Ranging Generalist Herbivores

The effects of extrinsic environmental factors that shape ecological systems are not only seen at the macroscopic level, but additionally influence and govern the host-associated microbial communities of their mammalian hosts. These microbial communities are susceptible to the fluctuation of abiotic and biotic factors which affect their host organisms. The surge in the research of microbiota–communities of archaea, bacteria, fungi, and viruses residing in various environmental systems–has shown that these communities can profoundly influence animal health. As such, monitoring microbiota has allowed for a new approach to study animal health and physiology. This is of particular benefit in the conservation of wildlife who face foraging restrictions, climate fluctuations, infectious disease, and habitat disturbances such as deforestation, pollution, and urbanization. Because gut microbes are influenced by external stressors and can predict internal physiological condition of the host, they may serve as biomarkers for both animal health and severity of environmental threats on species survival by mitigating their effects on the animal. One naturally occurring ‘chess match’ in wildlife systems involves mammalian herbivores and their plant food sources. Plants have developed a suite of secondary metabolites that are potentially toxic to herbivores when ingested. Herbivores must therefore make dietary choices that minimize the potentially harmful effects of plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) but also maximize the uptake of available nutrients. To do this, herbivores have developed physiologic mechanisms to tolerate PSM ingestion (Kohl et al., 2014). Beyond their own mechanisms, Kohl et al. demonstrated that gut microbes are also crucial in allowing herbivores to consume toxic plants. While previous studies have highlighted the role of gut microbiota in plant digestion and toxin tolerance for the herbivore host, these studies have been limited to controlled, captive systems. Therefore, we used the large, wild vertebrate herbivore, moose (Alces alces) on Isle Royale National Park, Michigan as a case study to investigate if host-associated microbiota can vary by regional and temporal habitat differences and if diet variation can shift microbial communities in this large, free-range mammalian herbivore. This research contributes to the understanding of the impacts of spatial and temporal environmental variation on host-associated microbiota and the role of diet in shaping microbial communities as an initial step in unraveling identity relationships between host condition and external environmental variables. As the complexities of wildlife conservation change and evolve, so do the methods of management. Multifaceted approaches are required to monitor populations and increasing evidence suggests that metagenomic analysis offers valuable insight into the health and nutrition of wildlife. It is, therefore, beneficial for the next generation of biological researchers to be taught bioinformatics and particularly metagenomic analysis, as skills gained in this field can be of value for those in the business of wildlife conservation. Specifically, the use of metrics of individual and community bacterial diversity can allow the gut microbiome to serve as a biomarker for animal health status which is of particular value for monitoring difficult-to-manage wildlife species who face foraging restrictions, climate fluctuations, infectious disease, and habitat disturbances

Recuperación dun discurso esquecido de Manuel Murguía.

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