La obtención de la vacuna cubana Abdala como proceso social, sus condicionantes sociales

El texto presta atención las condicionantes sociales principales de la obtención de la vacuna Abdala como proceso social. El primero, histórico fundacional, se relaciona con la actitud científica del médico cubano Tomás Romay y Chacón ante el conocimiento y la práctica de la medicina; el segundo, político de partida, tiene que ver con importantes decisiones políticas tomadas por el gobierno revolucionario cubano a partir de 1959 que sentaron las bases para las políticas públicas de ciencia, tecnología e innovación; el tercero, educativo revolucionario, más cercano en el tiempo, remite a la educación patriótico-revolucionaria adquirida por quienes iniciaron la biotecnología en Cuba, que les permitió resultados relevantes en los comienzos de este campo a nivel internacional; el cuarto, organizativo tecnológico, remite a las formas organizativas innovadoras empleadas en la obtención de la vacuna Abdala. El objetivo general que se persigue es caracterizar los referidos condicionantes principales

(co)variance components of open days in Santa Gertrudis cattle

Para estimar los parámetros genéticos de los dí­as abiertos (DA) se analizaron los datos de bovinos Santa Gertrudis de la Isla Turiguanó en Cuba. Se consideraron los primeros ocho partos de vacas de 15 hatos. La muestra estuvo conformada por 16,209 partos de 3,065 vacas hijas de 85 padres y 2,610 madres. Los datos fueron analizados con el modelo animal utilizando el programa ASREML. Se utilizaron cuatro modelos: modelo univariado (MU) para cada parto de manera independiente, modelo de repetibilidad (MR) que incluyó todos los partos, modelo bivariado (MB) para estimar las correlaciones genéticas entre los DA en los diferentes partos y el cuarto un modelo de regresión aleatoria (MRA). La media para los DA fue de 168.9 dí­as con tendencia a decrecer del primero al cuarto parto. La heredabilidad ( h2 ) de los DA, estimada con el MU y el MRA se incrementó desde el primero (0.02 +- 0.02) hasta el séptimo parto (0.20 +- 0.08). Las correlaciones genéticas entre los DA de diferentes partos fueron altas, principalmente entre partos consecutivos (≥,, 0.90). Los resultados muestran que la heredabilidad para los DA estimada mediante el modelo de repetibilidad no difiere de los valores encontrados en otras razas de leche y de carne, y no obstante que las estimaciones obtenidas se incrementaron con los modelos univariado y de regresión aleatoria, la magnitud de la h2 para los DA, aunada a la variación encontrada, hacen que este rasgo sea de utilidad limitada como criterio de selección en el ganado Santa Gertrudis de Cuba.In order to estimate the genetic parameters of open days (OD), data from Santa Gertrudis cattle in the Turiguanó Island, Cuba, were analyzed. The first eight calvings of cows in 15 herds were considered. The sample included 16,209 calvings of 3,065 cows' daughters of 85 sires and 2,610 dams. Data was analyzed using the animal model, with the ASREML software. Four models were used: The univariate model (UM) for each independent calving, the repeatibility model (RM) which included all calvings, the bivariate model (BM) to estimate genetic correlations between OD in the different parities, and the random regression model (RRM). OD mean was 168.9 d with a trend to decrease from parities 1 to 4. OD heritability ( h2 ) estimated by the UM and RRM increased from parity 1 (0.02 +- 0.02) to parity 7 (0.20 +- 0.08). Genetic correlations among OD for different parities were high, particularly for consecutive parities (≥,, 0.90). Results show that OD heritability estimated using the RM does not differ from the values found in other dairy or beef cattle breeds. Despite of the fact that estimates obtained increased with both the UM and the RRM, OD h2 model, together with the variation found, limit the usefulness of this trait as a selection criterion for Santa Gertrudis cattle in Cuba

Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes

Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues

Protein content of the Hylesia metabus egg nest setae (Cramer [1775]) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) and its association with the parental investment for the reproductive success and lepidopterism.

International audienceHylesia metabus is a neotropical moth possessing toxic setae, which once in contact with the skin cause a severe dermatitis to humans known as lepidopterism. The only known function of the setae in the life cycle is to provide protection during the mating and egg-hatching stages. Approximately 65% of the protein content of the setae is a cluster of five proteases (28-45kDa) showing sequence homology to other S1A serine proteases. The N-glycans of a 40kDa protease are a mixture of neutral and sulfated G0F structures. The sulfated N-glycans have an important role in triggering the inflammatory response typical of lepidopterism while the proteolytic activity may promote the erosion of blood vessels and tissues causing focal hemorrhages. The presence of Chitinase and a 30kDa lipoprotein is probably related to the antifungal defense. In addition, chitin digestion of the setae may potentiate the inflammatory reaction caused by the toxins due to the formation of chitin adjuvants fragments. The combined effect of proteases and a chitinase may dissuade predating arthropods, by damaging their exoskeletons. Vitellogenin, a bacteriostatic protein, is able to recognize pathogen-associated patterns, which suggests its possible role in protecting the embryonated eggs from pathogenic microorganisms.The present study is the first report describing the different protein species present in the urticating egg nest setae of the neotropical moth Hylesia metabus - the most harmful of the Hylesia moths - causing a severe urticating dermatitis in humans known as lepidopterism. A distinctive feature of the venom is the presence of five different S1A serine proteases probably used to guarantee a more efficient degradation of a wider number of protein substrates. This work confirms that the presence of sulfated N-glycans is not an isolated finding since its presence has been demonstrated in two different proteases affirming that this PTM is of importance for the activation of the inflammatory response typical of lepidopterism. Additionally, this study gives useful information on the defense mechanisms used for protection of its progeny vs. vertebrate predators, fungus, bacteria or other arthropods such as ants. The proteins detected in the egg nest should be seen as an extended parental effort made by the females in order to achieve an optimal reproductive success, thus compensating for the considerable loss of progeny during the larval stages that seriously limits the number of sexually mature adults reaching the reproductive phase

Chimeric Antigen by the Fusion of SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain with the Extracellular Domain of Human CD154: A Promising Improved Vaccine Candidate

COVID-19 is a respiratory viral disease caused by a new coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. This disease has spread rapidly worldwide with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of protein spike (S) mediates the attachment of the virus to the host’s cellular receptor. The RBD domain constitutes a very attractive target for subunit vaccine development due to its ability to induce a neutralizing antibody response against the virus. With the aim of boosting the immunogenicity of RBD, it was fused to the extracellular domain of CD154, an immune system modulator molecule. To obtain the chimeric protein, stable transduction of HEK-293 was carried out with recombinant lentivirus and polyclonal populations and cell clones were obtained. RBD-CD was purified from culture supernatant and further characterized by several techniques. RBD-CD immunogenicity evaluated in mice and non-human primates (NHP) indicated that recombinant protein was able to induce a specific and high IgG response after two doses. NHP sera also neutralize SARS-CoV-2 infection of Vero E6 cells. RBD-CD could improve the current vaccines against COVID-19, based in the enhancement of the host humoral and cellular response. Further experiments are necessary to confirm the utility of RBD-CD as a prophylactic vaccine and/or booster purpose

Las nuevas tecnologías en los planes de estudios: aplicación y enseñanza. Mesa Redonda 3. Memoria del 2o. Foro Nacional de Profesionales de la Información.

La sesión inicia con la presentación de la Dra. Lina Escalona, quien elaboró y presentó una ronda de cuatro preguntas a los siete panelistas, representantes de las escuelas que imparten la Licenciatura en Biblioteconomía/ Bibliotecología/ Ciencias de la información / Estudios de la información, a nivel nacional. Al final de la sesión, hubo participaciones del público asistente

Diseño, desarrollo y evaluación preclínica de SOBERANA®02: una vacuna cubana contra COVID-19

International audienc

Red de docentes y repositorio digital de recursos educativos: Una historia del capitalismo contemporáneo II. La crisis del fordismo a través fuentes fílmicas, literarias y estéticas

Depto. de Filosofía y SociedadFac. de FilosofíaFALSEsubmitte

Variations in management of A3 and A4 cervical spine fractures as designated by the AO Spine Subaxial Injury Classification System

© 2022 The authors.OBJECTIVE Optimal management of A3 and A4 cervical spine fractures, as defined by the AO Spine Subaxial Injury Classification System, remains controversial. The objectives of this study were to determine whether significant management variations exist with respect to 1) fracture location across the upper, middle, and lower subaxial cervical spine and 2) geographic region, experience, or specialty. METHODS A survey was internationally distributed to 272 AO Spine members across six geographic regions (North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Middle East). Participants’ management of A3 and A4 subaxial cervical fractures across cervical regions was assessed in four clinical scenarios. Key characteristics considered in the vignettes included degree of neurological deficit, pain severity, cervical spine stability, presence of comorbidities, and fitness for surgery. Respondents were also directly asked about their preferences for operative management and misalignment acceptance across the subaxial cervical spine. RESULTS In total, 155 (57.0%) participants completed the survey. Pooled analysis demonstrated that surgeons were more likely to offer operative intervention for both A3 (p < 0.001) and A4 (p < 0.001) fractures located at the cervicothoracic junction compared with fractures at the upper or middle subaxial cervical regions. There were no significant variations in management for junctional incomplete (p = 0.116) or complete (p = 0.342) burst fractures between geographic regions. Surgeons with more than 10 years of experience were more likely to operatively manage A3 (p < 0.001) and A4 (p < 0.001) fractures than their younger counterparts. Neurosurgeons were more likely to offer surgical stabilization of A3 (p < 0.001) and A4 (p < 0.001) fractures than their orthopedic colleagues. Clinicians from both specialties agreed regarding their preference for fixation of lower junctional A3 (p = 0.866) and A4 (p = 0.368) fractures. Overall, surgical fixation was recommended more often for A4 than A3 fractures in all four scenarios (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The subaxial cervical spine should not be considered a single unified entity. Both A3 and A4 fracture subtypes were more likely to be surgically managed at the cervicothoracic junction than the upper or middle subaxial cervical regions. The authors also determined that treatment strategies for A3 and A4 subaxial cervical spine fractures varied significantly, with the latter demonstrating a greater likelihood of operative management. These findings should be reflected in future subaxial cervical spine trauma algorithms.N