Disfagia asociada a la enfermedad de Parkinson

La disfagia orofaríngea es un síntoma que se asocia a la enfermedad de Parkinson, se define como la dificultad o el impedimento al avance normal del bolo alimenticio desde la cavidad oral hasta el estómago, contribuyendo a una deglución ineficaz e insegura. Este proyecto de investigación tiene como objetivo principal detectar disfagia en pacientes con Enfermedad de Parkinson. Se realizó una encuesta que fue distribuida entre los EP que acuden a rehabilitación a la Asociación de Parkinson Valladolid, con el fin de detectar disfagia orofaríngea y cómo afecta esta enfermedad en las ABVD, siendo centro colaborador. Entre los pacientes encuestados un 37,81% se ha detectado que poseen disfagia orofaringea y que necesitarían de espesantes para una correcta deglución, observando que el rango de mayor prevalencia se encuentra entre los 70-80 años y que la enfermedad afecta de manera moderada en sus ABVD. Debido al desconocimiento de estudios previos sobre este problema y el desconocimiento de los familiares para detectar precozmente la disfagia que realiza un tríptico informativo para todo el personal sanitario, familiares y cuidadores y para centros de mayores.Grado en Enfermerí

La contratación pública como oportunidad en la búsqueda de nuevos segmentos de mercado

La contratación pública como oportunidad en la búsqueda de nuevos segmentos de marcado, hace referencia a todas las oportunidades que se pueden aprovechar por medio de las TIC´s (Tecnologías de la información) y el SECOP, en el cual hay una forma virtual para poder aplicar a cualquier licitación de empresas del estado y privadas. De esta forma se ve como oportunidad para encontrar nuevos segmentos de mercado y aplicar a ellos como persona natural o jurídic

Development of a new bioinsecticide based on a Chrysodeixis chalcites nucleopolyhedrovirus from the Canary Islands

Chrysodeixis chalcites (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) es una plaga importante que causa valiosos daños económicos en los cultivos de platanera de las Islas Canarias. El control efectivo de esta plaga con insecticidas químicos requiere muchas aplicaciones, aumentando los costes de producción, lo que puede derivarse en riesgos ambientales graves, y la acumulación de residuos químicos que dificultan la comercialización del plátano. En estos casos, una de las alternativas más realistas para el control seguro y eficaz de la plaga la constituyen los bioinsecticidas basados en microorganismos entomopatógenos incluidos los baculovirus. En condiciones naturales las poblaciones de C. chalcites se ven afectadas por un Alphabaculovirus (Baculoviridae) llamado C. chalcites nucleopoliedrovirus (ChchSNPV). El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral ha consistido en abordar algunos de los desarrollos biotecnológicos necesarios para la obtención de un nuevo bioinsecticida basado en un ChchSNPV autóctono de las Islas Canarias. Una buena parte de los resultados de esta tesis forman parte del contenido de una solicitud de patente para el desarrollo de un nuevo bioinsecticida (P201330487). Este bioinsecticida, además de ser el agente de control biológico más efectivo para el control de esta plaga en la actualidad, es una herramienta muy útil para la implantación de programas de protección integrada de cultivos y el establecimiento de una agricultura sostenible.Chrysodeixis chalcites (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) causes valuable economic damage in banana crops in the Canary Islands. Effective control of this pest with chemical insecticides requires many applications that increase production costs and render serious environmental hazards and chemical residues that hamper banana commercialization. In these situations, microorganism-based bioinsecticides, particularly baculoviruses, constitute one of the most realistic alternatives for efficient pest control programs. Under natural conditions, C. chalcites populations are affected by the C. chalcites nucleopolyhedrovirus (ChchSNPV) (Fam. Baculoviridae, Alphabaculovirus). The aim of this thesis has been to address some of the biotechnological developments necessary to obtain a new biopesticide based on a ChchSNPV strain indigenous of the Canary Islands. The results of this thesis have contributed to a Spanish patent application (P201330487). This new biopesticide, besides being the most effective biocontrol agent against C. chalcites to this day, is a very useful tool for the implementation of Integrated Pest Management programs and the establishment of a sustainable agriculture.Programa Oficial de Doctorado en Biotecnología (RD 1393/2007)Bioteknologiako Doktoretza Programa Ofiziala (ED 1393/2007

Non-contact competition between soft and hard corals: a transcriptomic perspective

Ecological interactions affect species evolution and, acting in combination with environmental factors, determine the composition of an ecosystem. In the case of coral reefs, the interactions of species with the corals (Anthozoa) is essential in shaping the ecosystem. Competition is particularly intense in coral reef communities because of the limited availability of space where conditions are appropriate (e.g. depth, substrate, currents) for settlement and growth. Space limitation makes the interaction between corals an essential element determining coral assemblages. Competitive interactions are difficult to analyses due to the number and diversity of factors (e.g. environment, life history, genotype) affecting outcomes. In the case of corals, research on competitive interactions has mostly focused on visible signs of aggression, such as measuring the damaged tissue next to a competitor or reporting visual competitive behaviours (e.g. mesenteric filaments). However, competition (particularly non-contact competition) does not always lead to visible symptoms, which has led in some cases to the underestimation of the extent of competitive interactions. For example, many soft corals (Octocorallia) produce secondary metabolites that may be used to compete for space; the production of secondary metabolites is unlikely to be visually obvious, and their impact on competitors may be subtle or cryptic. The outcomes of competitive interactions between individual corals will also be affected by the health and history of those individuals. For example, individuals that are already immune-compromised are unlikely to be able to compete as efficiently as healthier individuals. The immune system is assumed to be a critical component of competitive mechanisms. Research on coral immunity has focused, with few exceptions, on hard corals (Scleractinia), very little information being available on soft corals immune systems. The lack of basic research on soft corals extends to many aspects of their biology, despite the importance and abundance of these organisms in reef ecosystems. More research on soft corals immunity is important in order to better understand how these organisms respond to environmental factors or competition and to better predict the future composition of coral reefs. In this thesis, I have attempted to advance the knowledge of soft coral biology and non-contact competition between soft and hard corals. I analysed, at a transcriptomic level, the response of the soft coral Lobophytum pauciflorum to challenge with the defined immunogen MDP and the effects on both L. pauciflorum and the hard coral Porites cylindrica (hard corals) when these were in noncontact competition. The response of the soft coral to MDP was variable and unexpectedly dominated by genes likely to have functions in the nervous system. Non-contact competition triggered general stress and immune responses in soft corals, as well as differential expression of genes likely to function in secondary metabolite production and others genes that may be involved in tissue remodelling. The transcriptomic response of the hard coral, Porites, on the other hand, suggested cellular stress combined with resistance and aggressive responses. This research also highlights the role of the coral nervous system and behaviour in the stress response, suggesting that neuro-related pathways are closely linked to the immune system. Similarities between the transcriptomic responses to non-contact competition identified here and previously reported responses to environmental stressors (e.g. ubiquitination, antioxidant production), is consistent with the recruitment of common gene repertoires; therefore climate change is likely to effects competitive interactions in complex ways. Finally, the research presented in this thesis demonstrates the extent of variation in the responses of individual corals to stress (immune challenge and competition) and the challenges that this poses particularly for the investigation of the molecular bases of competition. In the future, individual variation needs to be better accommodated for molecular investigations into coral research, which means increasing biological replication and stopping the practice of discarding outliers

¿Como describen los adolescentes de 16 y17 años las implicaciones morales de sus decisiones ciudadanas?

El presente ensayo pretende describir cuales son las implicaciones morales que se involucran o hacen parte en la toma de las decisiones ciudadanas de los adolescentes de 16 y 17 años. En primer lugar se expone las razones que motivan a la realización del presente ensayo a partir de la pregunta y a través de distintas lecturas del documento, teniendo como referente la experiencia cotidiana con jóvenes. Luego, alrededor del ensayo se tomarán dos momentos: análisis del comportamiento moral de los adolescentes y el segundo será características del concepto de ciudadanía. También el presente ensayo trata la forma como incide de manera responsable o irresponsable el adulto, sea padre, amigo o docente, en la formación de los valores, del carácter y en las emociones estables, en el joven, identificando las necesidades propias de ellos y reconociendo que son propensos a tener actitudes fuera del contexto o de la normas en diferentes momentos

Trading with richer and poorer countries: trade integration and regional inequality in Greece

This paper examines the link between increased trade and regional GDP growth across the regional income distribution in Greece during the post-EMU period (2000–2013). By means of quantile regression techniques, panel fixed effects and system generalized method of moments (GMM), we disentangle the effects of EU trade—trading with generally richer countries—versus global trade—in the case of Greece, mostly trading with poorer countries—at several points of the regional income distribution to identify differences in trade elasticities. The analysis finds that the impact of EU trade is highly heterogeneous and mainly affects negatively the economy of the richer regions in Greece. In contrast, the effects of EU trade display insignificant results for the lower-income regions, attributed to the absence of direct substitution effects

Chinese vs. US trade in an emerging country: the impact of trade openness in Chile

This paper explores the effects of import competition on the manufacturing sector in Chile following the implementation of the country’s two largest Free Trade Agreements (FTA) (with the USA and China). Exploiting cross-industry variation in import exposure, we analyse the effects on manufacturing sales, employment and labour productivity at the finest level of industrial classification (4 digit ISIC level). We detect an overall negative effect of increased Chinese import penetration, owing to substitution effects from low and medium tech imports and a less pronounced effect from USA imports. By introducing interaction effects, we find that the levels of foreign ownership and the export intensity of the domestic industries reverse the negative effect due to the opportunities offered via participation in global value chains. An IV strategy is applied to address standard endogeneity concerns and confirm the robustness of our estimates

Nostalgic, converted, or cosmopolitan: typology of young Spanish migrants

The high unemployment rate that is affecting Spain in recent years, along with the consolidation of labour market insecurity, have generated great changes in social behaviour, with a prominent tendency for young people to leave the country. With the aim of understanding, from the point of view of these new migrants, how their migration processes and sociocultural integration in their host countries are, this article follows the procedures of the Grounded Theory to analyse the discourses obtained through a discussion group and 41 in-depth interviews with young Spanish migrants while they were living abroad, during the period 2010-2015. The strength of this research lies in its construction of an empirical model consisting of three procedural categories: nostalgic adaptation, converted adaptation and cosmopolitan adaptation. These categories allow us to explain how the perception of young people about their home and host societies changes, as well as how their sociocultural adaptation to the new context is affected by the conducts and behaviours inherent to said perception