¿Qué hacer si a mi hijo le derivan a Educación Especial?

Durante el proceso de escolarización de su hijo con síndrome de Down, la mayoría de las familias escucha que “tiene necesidades educativas especiales”. Son muchas las dudas que asaltan a los padres con relación a este término: ¿A qué se refiere exactamente? ¿Cuándo se puede decir que un alumno tiene necesidades educativas especiales? ¿Qué debemos hacer y cómo actuar si le derivan a un Centro de Educación Especial? La asesora en educación de Down España, Ana Belén Rodríguez Plaza, ofrece en este texto las claves y la orientación para que los padres sepan qué deben hacer frente a esta situación

Lasso Estimation of an Interval-Valued Multiple Regression Model

A multiple interval-valued linear regression model considering all the cross-relationships between the mids and spreads of the intervals has been introduced recently. A least-squares estimation of the regression parameters has been carried out by transforming a quadratic optimization problem with inequality constraints into a linear complementary problem and using Lemke's algorithm to solve it. Due to the irrelevance of certain cross-relationships, an alternative estimation process, the LASSO (Least Absolut Shrinkage and Selection Operator), is developed. A comparative study showing the differences between the proposed estimators is provided

Polyamine oxidase activity contributes to sustain maize leaf elongation under saline stress

The possible involvement of apoplastic reactive oxygen species produced by the oxidation of free polyamines in the leaf growth of salinized maize has been studied here. Salt treatment increased the apoplastic spermine and spermidine levels, mainly in the leaf blade elongation zone. The total activity of polyamine oxidase was up to 20-fold higher than that of the copper-containing amine oxidase. Measurements of H2O2, ·O2-, and HO· production in the presence or absence of the polyamine oxidase inhibitors 1,19-bis- (ethylamine)-5,10,15 triazanonadecane and 1,8-diamino-octane suggest that, in salinized plants, the oxidation of free apoplastic polyamines by polyamine oxidase by would be the main source of reactive oxygen species in the elongation zone of maize leaf blades. This effect is probably due to increased substrate availability. Incubation with 200 μM spermine doubled segment elongation, whereas the addition of 1,19-bis-(ethylamine)-5,10,15 triazanonadecane and 1,8-diamino-octane to 200 μM spermine attenuated and reversed the last effect, respectively. Similarly, the addition of MnCl2 (an ·O2- dismutating agent) or the HO· scavenger sodium benzoate along with spermine, annulled the elongating effect of the polyamine on the salinized segments. As a whole, the results obtained here demonstrated that, under salinity, polyamine oxidase activity provides a significant production of reactive oxygen species in the apoplast which contributes to 25-30% of the maize leaf blade elongation.Fil:Rodríguez, A.A. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil:Menéndez, A.B. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina

El proceso de planificación del alta en centros de rehabilitación: sistemas de información para la evaluación de pacientes

IV Congreso Nacional de Informática de la Salud; 2001 Mar 28-30; Madrid; organizado por la Sociedad Española de Informática de la Salud[Resumen] La planificación del alta es un proceso que debe comenzar desde el mismo momento del ingreso. Debe ser sistemático, interdisciplinario y coordinado por un especialista sanitario. Debe involucrar al paciente y a su familia e incluir la valoración de su entorno de vida, soporte familiar, valoración de la discapacidad y posibilidades de llevar a cabo una rehabilitación vocacional. Todas las decisiones que se tomen en el proceso del alta deben implicar y reflejar el consenso de la familia y el propio paciente con el equipo médico (1). Por lo tanto, surge la necesidad de utilizar algún sistema de medición de incapacidad, dada la gran variedad de patologías que abarca la Medicina Física y Rehabilitación y la existencia de cuadros nosológicos muy diferentes en cuanto a su etiología, gravedad y pronóstico. En este contexto, se hace necesaria la utilización de escalas de valoración funcional, que simplifiquen este trabajo y posibiliten un mayor control de todo el proceso desde su inicio. Existen múltiples escalas de valoración, tanto específicas como de propósito general, siendo la más utilizada la Functional Independence Measure (FIM) de la Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation. A partir de estas escalas se han desarrollado diferentes sistemas de datos: el Union Data System (UDS) y el TBI Model Systems National Database del National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research entre los más destacados. En este artículo, además de exponer las distintas fases del proceso de planificación del alta, se hará un estudio de los distintos sistemas de información desarrollados, así como de las escalas de valoración utilizadas

Model biopsychicalsocial in the syndromes of vertebral pain: implications for the protocolize

[Resumen] De forma tradicional el modelo biomédico ha predominado en la práctica asistencial. A diferencia de éste, el modelo biopsicosocial considera a la persona como un todo y hace énfasis sobre la función en lugar de centrarse exclusivamente en el alivio del dolor. En este sentido, la Fisioterapia para el tratamiento de los problemas de espalda, y en concreto para la cervicalgia, tiene que considerar, además del alivio del dolor, la cronicidad y la recurrencia como elementos a considerar en el diseño de actividades protocolizadas.[Abstract] In a traditional way the biomedical model has prevailed in the health care. Against it the biopsychicalsocial pattern considers to the person as a whole and it makes emphasis on the function instead of being centered exclusively in the relief of the pain. In this sense, Physiotheraphy for the treatment of the back problems and in this case for the neck pain, it has to consider besides the relief of the pain, the chronic and the new episodies like elements to consider in the design of protocolized activities

Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Lightweight Aggregates Made from Waste—Applying the Circular Economy

Abstract The application of Life Cycle Assessment in the construction sector can be a very useful tool to reduce the environmental impact generated by the sector. In order to quantify the improvement in environmental terms with the use of artificial lightweight aggregates (LWA) manufactured with waste, in this work, we conducted a comparative evaluation of the life cycle of LWAs for a total of five different scenarios: LWAs obtained in a traditional way, i.e., using exclusively clay in their manufacture (Spanish blond clay, Portuguese red clay and Portuguese blond clay), and LWAs manufactured with four different wastes, with a partial substitution of 2.5% for each of the clays per waste (almond and hazelnut shells, sludge from the purification of paper money, cork dust and coffee grounds). The functional unit was set as the production of 1 kilo of lightweight aggregates and the CML 2000 methodology and the SimaPro software were used. The results obtained in this research allow us to conclude that the addition of organic wastes showed a slightly higher environmental performance than the conventional system, the ALAs manufactured with almond and hazelnut shells being the most environmentally friendly option, with reductions of more than 30% in some cases, followed by the LWAs manufactured with coffee grounds. On the other hand, the addition of paper sewage sludge and cork dust represents minimal environmental optimization.This research was conducted as a part of the ECO-MET-AL Project (PID2019-109520RB-I00), “Can industrial and mining metalliferous wastes produce green lightweight aggregates? Applying the Circular Economy” funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and ERDF funds, framed in the “Ayudas a ‘Proyectos I + D + i’ en el marco de los Programas Estatales de Generación de Conocimiento y Fortalecimiento Científico y Tecnológico del Sistema de I + D + i y de I + D + i orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad, Convocatoria 2019”. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the technical and human support provided by CICT of the University of Jaén and the University of Málaga (UJA, MINECO, Junta de Andalucía, FEDER)

Analyzing the Role of Fe0 and Fe3+ in the Formation of Expanded Clay Aggregates

The effect of the addition of Fe0 and Fe3+ on the formation of expanded clay aggregates was studied using iron-free kaolin as an aluminosilicates source. Likewise, the incorporation of cork powder as a source of organic carbon and Na2CO3 as a flux in the mixtures was investigated in order to assess its effect in combination with the iron phases. An experimental protocol, statistically supported by a mixture experiments/design of experiments approach, was applied to model and optimize the bloating index, density, absorption capacity, and mechanical strength. The process of expansion and pore generation and the associated decrease in density required the addition of iron, such that the optimum mixtures of these properties presented between 25 and 40 wt.% of Fe0 or Fe3+, as well as the incorporation of 3.5–5 wt.% of organic carbon. The addition of Fe3+ produced a greater volumetric expansion (max. 53%) than Fe0 (max. 8%), suggesting that the formation of the FeO leading to this phenomenon would require reducing and oxidizing conditions in the former and the latter, respectively. The experimental and model-estimated results are in good agreement, especially in the aggregates containing Fe0. This reinforces the application of statistical methods for future investigations.Many thanks for Mark Tyrer (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3327-895X, accessed on 20 June 2023) that help us to improve the english for our research work. This research was conducted as a part of the ECO-MET-AL Project, PID2019-109520RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, “Can industrial and mining metalliferous wastes produce green lightweight aggregates? Applying the Circular Economy” funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and ERDF funds, framed in the “Ayudas a “Proyectos I+D+i” en el marco de los Programas Estatales de Generación de Conocimiento y Fortalecimiento Científico y Tecnológico del Sistema de I+D+i y de I+D+i orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad, Convocatoria 2019”. We also wish to thank the SCAI of the University of Jaén, the University of Castilla-La Mancha and the University of Málaga for their services

Impact of reducing sitting time in women with fibromyalgia and obesity: a randomized controlled trial

Background: Sitting time has negative effects on health, increasing the risk of obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes, and cancer. Thus, primary health care education interventions aimed to reduce sitting time and sedentary behavior could have beneficial effects on people’s health and wellbeing. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an intervention based on reducing sitting time to decrease cardiometabolic risk on a sample of women diagnosed with fibromyalgia and moderate obesity. Methods: Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention to decrease cardiometabolic risk in 84 participants. Sedentary behavior was monitored using an accelerometer before and at 3-month follow-up. Results: Compared with the control group, body mass index decreased, and the number of steps taken increased, in the intervention group 3 months after the intervention. No significant differences were found in the rest of the variables measured. Conclusion: The intervention group decreased sitting time after the intervention. Group activities and support from primary care may be useful to improve treatment adherence

Physical fitness reference standards for preschool children: the PREFIT project

Objectives: Reference values are necessary for classifying children, for health screening, and for early prevention as many non-communicable diseases aggravate during growth and development. While physical fitness reference standards are available in children aged 6 and older, such information is lacking in preschool children. Therefore, the purposes of this study were (1) to provide sex-and age-specific physical fitness reference standards for Spanish preschool children; and (2) to study sex differences across this age period and to characterise fitness performance throughout the preschool period. Design: Cross-sectional. Methods: A total of 3179 preschool children (1678 boys) aged 2.8–6.4 years old from Spain were included in the present study. Physical fitness was measured using the PREFIT battery. Results: Age- and sex-specific percentiles for the physical fitness components are provided. Boys performed better than girls in the cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and speed-agility tests over the whole preschool period studied and for the different percentiles. In contrast, girls performed slightly better than boys in the balance test. Older children had better performance in all fitness tests than their younger counterparts. Conclusions: Our study provides age- and sex-specific physical fitness reference standards in preschool children allowing interpretation of fitness assessment. Sexual dimorphism in fitness tests exists already at preschool age, and these differences become larger with age. These findings will help health, sport, and school professionals to identify preschool children with a high/very low fitness level, to examine changes in fitness over time, and to analyse those changes obtained due to intervention effects.The PREFIT project takes place thanks to the funding linked to the Ramón y Cajal grant held by FBO (RYC-2011-09011). CC-S is supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BES-2014-068829). JRR and FBO are supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RYC-2010-05957 and RYC-2011-09011, respectively). In addition, this study was further supported by the University of Granada, Plan Propio de Investigación 2016, Excellence actions: Units of Excellence; Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES). Additional funding from the SAMID III network, RETICS, funded by the PNI+D+I 2017-2021 (Spain), ISCIII- Sub-Directorate General for Research Assessment and Promotion, the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (Ref. RD16/0022), the EXERNET Research Network on Exercise and Health in Special Populations (DEP2005-00046/ACTI), the University of the Basque Country (GIU14/21), and the University of Zaragoza (JIUZ-2014-BIO-08)

Respiratory Immunization With a Whole Cell Inactivated Vaccine Induces Functional Mucosal Immunoglobulins Against Tuberculosis in Mice and Non-human Primates

Vaccination through the natural route of infection represents an attractive immunization strategy in vaccinology. In the case of tuberculosis, vaccine delivery by the respiratory route has regained interest in recent years, showing efficacy in different animal models. In this context, respiratory vaccination triggers lung immunological mechanisms which are omitted when vaccines are administered by parenteral route. However, contribution of mucosal antibodies to vaccine- induced protection has been poorly studied. In the present study, we evaluated in mice and non-human primates (NHP) a novel whole cell inactivated vaccine (MTBVAC HK), by mucosal administration. MTBVAC HK given by intranasal route to BCG-primed mice substantially improved the protective efficacy conferred by subcutaneous BCG only. Interestingly, this improved protection was absent in mice lacking polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR), suggesting a crucial role of mucosal secretory immunoglobulins in protective immunity. Our study in NHP confirmed the ability of MTBVAC HK to trigger mucosal immunoglobulins. Importantly, in vitro assays demonstrated the functionality of these immunoglobulins to induce M. tuberculosis opsonization in the presence of human macrophages. Altogether, our results suggest that mucosal immunoglobulins can be induced by vaccination to improve protection against tuberculosis and therefore, they represent a promising target for next generation tuberculosis vaccines