35 research outputs found
Surface versus crystal-termination effects in the optical properties of surfaces
We prove, by realistic microscopic calculations within the sp^3s^* Tight
Binding method for GaAs (110) and (100), that the surface optical properties
are not influenced by long-range crystal termination effects, and hence that
they can be consistently studied considering slabs of limited thickness (20 -
30 \AA). The origin of derivative-like and bulk-like lineshapes in Reflection
Anisotropy Spectra is also discussed, analyzing the effects arising from
possible surface-induced reduction, broadening, and shifting of the bulk
spectrum near the surface.Comment: 10 figures. In press in Physical Review B, scheduled 15 Aug. 199
Ab initio calculation of excitonic effects in the optical spectra of semiconductors
An ab initio approach to the calculation of excitonic effects in the optical
absorption spectra of semiconductors and insulators is formulated. It starts
from a quasiparticle bandstructure calculation and is based on the relevant
Bethe--Salpeter equation.
An application to bulk silicon shows a substantial improvement with respect
to previous calculations in the description of the experimental spectrum, for
both peak positions and lineshape.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur
Dynamical excitonic effects in metals and semiconductors
The dynamics of an electron--hole pair induced by the time--dependent
screened Coulomb interaction is discussed. In contrast to the case where the
static electron--hole interaction is considered we demonstrate the occurrence
of important dynamical excitonic effects in the solution of the Bethe--Salpeter
equation.This is illustrated in the calculated absorption spectra of noble
metals (copper and silver) and silicon. Dynamical corrections strongly affect
the spectra, partially canceling dynamical self--energy effects and leading to
good agreement with experiment.Comment: Accepted for publication on Phys. Rev. Let
Bound excitons in time-dependent density-functional-theory: optical and energy-loss spectra
A robust and efficient frequency dependent and non-local exchange-correlation
is derived by imposing time-dependent density-functional
theory (TDDFT) to reproduce the many-body diagrammatic expansion of the
Bethe-Salpeter polarization function. As an illustration, we compute the
optical spectra of LiF, \sio and diamond and the finite momentum transfer
energy-loss spectrum of LiF. The TDDFT results reproduce extremely well the
excitonic effects embodied in the Bethe-Salpeter approach, both for strongly
bound and resonant excitons. We provide a working expression for that
is fast to evaluate and easy to implement.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. To appear in Phys. Rev. Let
Ab initio study of reflectance anisotropy spectra of a sub-monolayer oxidized Si(100) surface
The effects of oxygen adsorption on the reflectance anisotropy spectrum (RAS)
of reconstructed Si(100):O surfaces at sub-monolayer coverage (first stages of
oxidation) have been studied by an ab initio DFT-LDA scheme within a
plane-wave, norm-conserving pseudopotential approach. Dangling bonds and the
main features of the characteristic RAS of the clean Si(100) surface are mostly
preserved after oxidation of 50% of the surface dimers, with some visible
changes: a small red shift of the first peak, and the appearance of a distinct
spectral structure at about 1.5 eV. The electronic transitions involved in the
latter have been analyzed through state-by-state and layer-by-layer
decompositions of the RAS. We suggest that new interplay between present
theoretical results and reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy experiments could
lead to further clarification of structural and kinetic details of the Si(100)
oxidation process in the sub-monolayer range.Comment: 21 pages, 8 figures. To be published in Physical Rev.
Many-body study of the photoisomerization of the minimal model of the retinal protonated Schiff base
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Quasiparticle Electronic structure of Copper in the GW approximation
We show that the results of photoemission and inverse photoemission
experiments on bulk copper can be quantitatively described within
band-structure theory, with no evidence of effects beyond the
single-quasiparticle approximation. The well known discrepancies between the
experimental bandstructure and the Kohn-Sham eigenvalues of Density Functional
Theory are almost completely corrected by self-energy effects.
Exchange-correlation contributions to the self-energy arising from 3s and 3p
core levels are shown to be crucial.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures embedded in the text. 3 footnotes modified and 1
reference added. Small modifications also in the text. Accepted for
publication in PR
Experimental and theoretical study of the yellowing of ancient paper
Paper is the most widely used writing support due to the remarkable properties of its principal component -
cellulose - one of the most abundant biomaterials present on Earth. However, due to the complexity of the material,
an exhaustive picture of its degradation pathways is still missing. In this paper, we will present recent results and
progresses obtained in the comprehension of the role of cellulose oxidation in the yellowing of ancient paper. Visible
and ultraviolet spectra of cellulose in ancient paper samples and reference modern samples artificially aged have
been interpreted with the aid of ab-initio Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory calculations. Through the
comparison of measured and calculated absorption spectra, several oxidized forms of cellulose polymers, acting as
chromophores, and responsible for ancient paper yellowing were identified. The relative concentration of ketones
and aldehydic groups depends on the environmental conditions in which samples were stored along their life