Ratos diabéticos são hiporeativos a drogas antiinflamatórias esteroidais e não esteroidais: efeito sobre a migração celular

The effect of steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (SAID) and non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) on carrageenan-induced (300 mcg) pleurisy was studied in diabetic rats (40 mg/kg alloxan, iv). Indomethacin (2.0 mg/kg, po), pyroxicam (10 mg/kg, po) and dexamethasone (0.25 mg/kg, ip) significantly inhibited (P < 0.01) the accumulation of total leukocytes by 49,57 and 66%, respectively, and of polymorphonuclear cells by 50,60 and 66%, respectively, in normal rats. Diabetes significantly reduced total leukocytes (52%) and polymorphonuclear (58%). Pretreatment of diabetic animals with pyroxicam or indomethacin did not significantly inhibit total leukocyte or polymorphonuclear accumulation, indicating that the drugs were ineffective in the presence of diabetes. Dexamethasone, on the other hand, was as effective in diabetic animals as in the controls. All three drugs were significantly effective in inhibiting increased vascular permeability to carrageenin both in control and in diabetic animals. Untreated diabetic rats displayed a 24% weaker increase in vascular permeability than in controls. At the doses used, NSAID, but not SAID, are ineffective against carrageenan-induced cell migration in diabetic rats. Vascular permeability increase and cellular migration are independent phenomena as far as the effect of antiinflammatory drugs are concerned. Diabetes mellitus can affect NSAID action when cell migration is involved but not when plasma extravasation evoked by inflammatory stimuli is under consideration.Estudou-se o efeito de drogas antiinflamatórias esteroidais (DAIE) e não-esteroidais (DAINE) sobre a pleurisia induzida pela carragenina (300 mcg) em ratos diabéticos (aloxana, 40 mg/kg, iv). Em ratos normais, indometacina (2.0 mg/kg, vo), piroxicam (10 mg/kg, vo) e dexametasona (0.25 mg/kg, ip) inibiram significativamente (P<0.01) o acúmulo de leucócitos totais (49%, 57% e 66%, respectivamente) e polimorfonucleares (50%, 60% e 66%,  respectivamente). Ratos diabéticos sofreram redução no acúmulo de leucócitos totais (52%) e polimorfonucleares (58%). O tratamento de animais diabéticos com indometacina ou piroxicam não interferiu significativamente com o acúmulo de leucócitos totais ou polimorfonucleares, indicando que as drogas foram inefetivas em presença de diabetes. Por outro lado, a dexametasona foi efetiva tanto em animais normais quanto em diabéticos. Estes sofreram inibição significativa do aumento de permeabilidade vascular (24%) em comparação com animais normais. As três drogas inibiram o aumento de permeabilidade vascular à carragenina em ratos diabéticos e controles. Nas doses utilizadas DAINE mas não DAIE foram inefetivas em bloquear o acúmulo de leucócitos em ratos diabéticos. Considerando-se o efeito de drogas antiinflamatórias os resultados sugerem que o aumento de permeabilidade vascular e a migração celular sejam fenômenos independentes. O diabetes mellitus parece interferir na ação das DAINE quanto à migração celular mas não quando se considera o extravasamento plasmático induzido pelo estímulo inflamatório

Tratamento alternativo de feridas de papilas mamárias de vacas através do emprego de membrana biológica (Biofill)

This work evaluated the healing of experimentally provoked wounds in the tits of 16 nonlactant cows, by using a biological membrane that temporarily substitutes the skin, and by comparing it with the treatment with ointment. In each cow, the membrane was placed over the wound in the front tit of the right side, and the treatment with ointment was done in the hind tit of the right side, too. Clinical observations and histological analyses were performed on the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 28th days after the inflicting of the wound. From the observations it was possible to verify that tits treated with the biological membrane healed one week before those in the ointment-treated group. Furthermore the utilization of the biological membrane enables less frequent dressings.Neste trabalho, avaliou-se a evolução cicatricial de feridas provocadas experimentalmente em papilas mamárias de 16 vacas não lactentes, através do emprego de uma membrana biológica que substitui temporariamente a pele, comparando-a com tratamento à base de pomada epitelizante. Em cada animal, a membrana foi colocada na ferida da papila mamária anterior direita e o tratamento com pomada foi realizado na papila mamária posterior direita. Foram feitas observações clínicas e análise histológica no 39, 7S, 14s e 28s dias do pós-operatório. Das observações realizadas, verificou-se que as papilas tratadas com a membrana biológica cicatrizaram com uma semana de antecedência, quando comparadas às controle (pomada epitelizante). A utilização da membrana biológica permitiu ainda uma redução nafreqüência de curativos

Efeitos da suplementação com vitamina E na cicatrização de feridas induzidas em Oreochromis niloticus

In the present study, the effect of vitamin E supplementation 450 mg/kg diet was appraised in the process of induced wound healing in Nile tilapias Oreochromis niloticus. Fish were distributed into 18 tanks (10 fish each). Nine tanks were fed the non-supplemented diet and the other 9 tanks were fed 450 mg vitamin E for 60 days. Subsequently, the fish were anesthetized and the epidermis and dermis were surgically removed. The rate of cicatricial retraction and appearance of the wounds, and the histomorphometry of mucous cells, chromatophores, revascularization, inflammatory cells, presence of fibroblasts, collagen fibers, and scales were checked after 3-, 7-, 14-, 21-, and 28 days post-wounding. The retraction rate of the wound was significantly higher in the supplemented fish. The higher concentrations of inflammatory cells, mucous cells, and chromatophores, as well as the production and organization of collagen fibers, resulted in a higher retraction rate. We concluded that a dietary supplementation diet improves specific aspects of the cutaneous healing process in Nile tilapia fish.No presente estudo, o efeito da suplementação com vitamina E de 450 mg / kg de dieta foi avaliado no processo de cicatrização induzida de feridas em tilápias do Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus. Os peixes foram distribuídos em 18 tanques (N=10), sendo 9 tanques com dieta não suplementada e os outros 9 tanques suplementados com 450 mg de vitamina E por 60 dias. Posteriormente, os peixes foram anestesiados e a epiderme e derme foram removidas cirurgicamente. Nos tempos pré- determinado de 3, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após a ferida foi analisado a taxa de retração cicatricial, a aparência das feridas e a histomorfometria das células mucosas, dos cromatóforos, das células inflamatórias, a revascularização, a presença de fibroblastos, de fibras de colágeno e escamas. A taxa de retração da ferida foi significativamente maior nos peixes suplementados. As maiores concentrações de células inflamatórias, mucosas e cromatóforos, bem como a produção e organização das fibras de colágeno, resultaram em uma maior taxa de retração. Concluímos que a dieta de suplementação melhora aspectos específicos do processo de cicatrização cutânea em peixes de tilápia do Nilo

<b>Fauna parasitária de peixes oriundos de “pesque-pague” do município de Guariba, São Paulo, Brasil</b> - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v28i3.253 <b>Parasitic fauna of cultivated fishes in fee fishing farm of Guariba, São Paulo State, Brazil</b> - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v28i3.253

Este trabalho descreve a ocorrência e a sazonalidade de parasitos em peixes de “pesque-pague” do município de Guariba, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil (21º15`22``S, 48º18`58``W e 595 m de altitude), durante o período de agosto de 2001 a julho de 2002. A presença de parasitos foi pesquisada em pacu <em>Piaractus mesopotamicus</em> (Characidae), carpa comum <em>Cyprinus carpio</em> (Cyprinidae), tilápia-do-Nilo <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em> (Cichlidae), híbrido tambacu (macho de <em>P. mesopotamicus</em> x fêmea de tambaqui-<em>Colossoma macropomum</em>) e piraputanga Brycon hillari (Characidae). Os resultados demonstram que dos 100 peixes examinados, 15% estavam parasitados por pelo menos um dos seguintes parasitos: <em>Trichodina</em> sp.; helmintos monogenóides; copepoditos de <em>Lernaea cyprinacea</em>; <em>L. cyprinacea</em> adulta ou <em>Dolops carvalhoi</em>. Por ordem decrescente, o grau de suscetibilidade dos hospedeiros foi <em>C. carpio, P. mesopotamicus</em>, <em>B. hillari</em>, híbrido tambacu e <em>O. niloticus</em>. Por ordem decrescente, os parasitos encontrados foram helmintos monogenóides, <em>Dolops carvalhoi</em>, <em>Trichodina</em> sp., <em>Lernaea cyprinacea</em> adultas e suas formas jovens.<br>This study describes the occurrence and the seasonality of parasites of cultivated fish from a fee fishing farm located in Guariba, São Paulo State, Brazil (21º15`22`` S, 48º18`58`` W and 595 m of altitude), from August, 2001 to July, 2002. The presence of parasites was researched in pacu <em>Piaractus mesopotamicus</em> (Characidae), common carp <em>Cyprinus carpio</em> (Cyprinidae), nile-tilapia <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em> (Cichlidae), tambacu hybrid (male of P. <em>mesopotamicus</em> x female of tambaqui-<em>Colossoma macropomum</em>) and piraputanga <em>Brycon hillari</em> (Characidae). Results demonstrate that out of 100 fish examined, 15% were sponged for at least one of the following parasites: <em>Trichodina</em> sp.; monogenean helminths; copepodits of <em>Lernaea cyprinacea</em>; adults of <em>L. cyprinacea</em>; or <em>Dolops carvalhoi</em>. In decreasing order, the susceptibility degree of the hosts was <em>C. carpio</em>, <em>P. mesopotamicus, B. hillari</em>, tambacu hybrid and <em>O. niloticus</em>. In decreasing order the reported parasites were monogenean helminths, <em>Dolops carvalhoi</em>, <em>Trichodina</em> sp., adults of <em>Lernaea cyprinacea</em> and their young shapes

Experimental toxoplasmosis in pregnant rabbits

Neste ensaio foram comparados aspectos clínicos, obstétricos, imunológicos e patológicos entre coelhas gestantes inoculadas com oocistos de Toxoplasma gondii e coelhas gestantes não inoculadas. Os resultados obtidos demonstram ser a coelha gestante altamente sensível à infecção toxoplásmica. Aborto e óbito foram observados em 100% das coelhas infectadas, antes do término da gestação. Os aumentos máximos de temperatura corporal foram observados entre o quarto e o nono dia pós-inoculação (DPI). Alterações hematológicas também foram observadas. Devido ao caráter hiperagudo decorrente da infecção toxoplásmica, detectou-se resposta imune humoral nas coelhas infectadas somente no 7o DPI. Os exames anátomo-histopatológicos demonstraram, principalmente, alterações hepáticas, renais e pulmonares. Com base nos dados obtidos no estudo, comprovou-se que coelhas gestantes são extremamente sensíveis a oocistos de T. gondii, apresentando severas alterações em diversos órgãos, assim como aborto e óbito prematuro.The clinical, hematological, obstetrical, immunological and pathological aspects of the experimental toxoplasmosis were investigated in pregnant rabbits orally inoculated with Toxoplasma gondii oocysts. Pregnant rabbits showed to be highly sensible to the toxoplasmic infection. Abortion and death occurred in 100% of the inoculated rabbits. Fever peak was observed between 4o and 9o day pos-infection. Blood parameter showed alterations. Because the hyperacute character presented by the toxoplasmic infection, the humoral immune response was weak. The microscopic and macroscopic exams demonstrated, mainly, alterations in liver, kidney and lungs. These results suggested that pregnant rabbits, orally infected with oocysts of T. gondii are extremely susceptible to this parasite, showing severe alterations in several organs, as well as premature abortion and death

Inflammation induced by inactivated Aeromonas hydrophila in Nile tilapia fed diets supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The inflammatory response and hernatological parameters among Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae were evaluated six and 24 h after inoculation with inactivated Aeromonas hydrophila into the swim bladder. Six groups were formed (n = 10 each): G1 was treated with non-supplemented feed+injection with 0.65% saline solution; G2 with non-supplemented feed+ inoculation with A. hydrophila: G3 with feed containing 2% yeast+ injection with saline; G4 with feed containing 2% yeast + inoculation with A. hydrophila: G5 with feed containing 0.3% cell wall + injection with saline: and G6 with feed containing 0.3% cell wall + inoculation with A. hydrophila. In the groups inoculated with bacteria, the responses were more intense (P<0.05) than in those injected with saline. The groups receiving supplement that were inoculated with A. hydrophila accumulated a greater total number of cells at the lesion site (P<0.05) than did the non-supplemented groups, after six and 24 h. The groups receiving cell wall presented greater total accumulation of cells (P<0.005) that did those receiving yeast. The differential count showed that there were significantly greater number of thrombocytes (P< 0.05) and lower number of neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes (P<0.05) in the groups that received supplement, after 6 and 24 h, in relation to the non-supplemented groups. The values in the erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration and blood measurement indices did not differ statistically. The variation in circulating thrombocyte and leukocyte counts suggests that the inflammatory stimulus caused recruitment from reserve compartments to the blood. The groups that received yeast or yeast cell wall supplements presented increased nonspecific acute inflammatory response, thus suggesting that this has a beneficial effect on the immunological defense system. Published by Elsevier B.V

Aislamiento de bacterias presentes en la sala de necropsias veterinarias y riesgos para la salud

Objective. The aim of this study was to characterize the bacteria of a veterinary autopsy room, their antimicrobial susceptibility profile and testing the efficiency of two sanitizers against these microorganisms. Materials and methods. Three points of the room that professionals do not normally wear personal protective equipment (PPE) getting in direct contact with these bacterias. Anaerobic and aerobic mesophilic count were performed before and after disinfection with hypochlorite and sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate then, isolates were identified by their morphotintorials and biochemical characteristics and their antibiotic susceptibility. Results. Preliminary results indicated that the hypochlorite was the sanitizing agent of choice for surface disinfection and against the most frequent potential pathogenic bacterials isolated such as Staphylococcus spp (75%), E. coli and Klebsiella spp (15%), and Pseudomonas spp (10%). In addition, 25% of the staphylococci were resistant to at least one antimicrobial tested and Klebsiella spp, E. coli, and Pseudomonas spp were taken into consideration, wide antimicrobial resistance tested were observed. Conclusions. The characterization of these bacteria found in the autopsy room is important to alert professionals about the biological risks they are exposed to, as well as the precautions they should take.Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar las bacterias de una sala de autopsias veterinarias, su perfil de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana y probar la eficacia de dos desinfectantes frente a estos microorganismos. Materiales y métodos. Tres puntos de la sala en los que los profesionales normalmente no usan equipo de protección personal (EPP) al entrar en contacto directo con estas bacterias. Antes y después de la desinfección con hipoclorito y alquilbencenosulfonato sódico se realizaron recuentos anaeróbicos y aeróbicos mesófilos, luego se identificaron los aislamientos por sus características morfotintoriales y bioquímicas y su susceptibilidad antibiótica. Resultados. Los resultados preliminares indicaron que el hipoclorito fue el agente desinfectante de elección para la desinfección de superficies y contra las bacterias patógenas potenciales aislados más frecuentes como Staphylococcus spp (75%), E. coli y Klebsiella spp (15%) y Pseudomonas spp (10%). Además, el 25.0% de los estafilococos fueron resistentes a al menos un antimicrobiano probado y se tomaron en consideración Klebsiella spp, E. coli y Pseudomonas spp, se observó una amplia resistencia antimicrobiana probada. Conclusiones. La caracterización de estas bacterias encontradas en la sala de autopsias es importante para alertar a los profesionales sobre los riesgos biológicos a los que están expuestos, así como las precauciones que deben tomar