Atividade isoenzimática em plantas de trigo infectadas com o vírus SBWMV

The aim of this work was to elucidate the effect of the Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) on the activity and on the isoenzymatic expression of esterases, peroxidases, and aspartate aminotranferases in wheat plants. Biochemical analyses were carried out for four cultivars and one line of wheat, 45 days after emergence with different levels of resistance to SBWMV: BRS Guabiju, BRS 194, BRS 179, BR 23 and PF 980524. In general, intra and interpopulation differences in quality and quantity were detected, when comparing plants with and without symptoms of SBWMV. Nine band patterns were determined in both situations for esterase. To peroxidase and aspartato aminotransferase, three band patterns were detected for both conditions. Eletrophoretic patterns of SBWMV infected plants were observed, when compared with noninfected ones, notably for esterase, which provides a more precise identification of cell metabolic condition.O objetivo deste trabalho foi elucidar a atividade e a expressão isoenzimática das esterases, das peroxidases e das aspartato aminotransferases em função da infecção de plantas de trigo pelo Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV). Foram analisadas, aos 45 dias após a emergência, quatro cultivares e uma linhagem de trigo, com diferentes níveis de resistência ao SBWMV: BRS Guabiju, BRS 194, BRS 179, BR 23 e PF 980524. De modo geral, ocorreram diferenças qualitativas e quantitativas intra e interpopulacional, quando comparadas plantas assintomáticas e sintomáticas ao SBWMV. Para o sistema esterase, nove padrões de bandas foram determinados e para peroxidase e aspartato aminotransferase foram detectados três padrões de bandas, para ambas as condições. Padrões eletroforéticos foram observados para plantas infectadas, quando comparadas com as não infectadas, destacando-se a atividade da esterase, o que permitiu identificar com maior precisão o estado metabólico e diferenciado das células

Caracterização da comunidade bacteriana associada ao cultivo de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) e estudo da interação bactéria-planta na promoção do crescimento vegetal

O arroz (Oryza sativa L.) é um dos alimentos mais importantes para a nutrição humana, sendo a base alimentar de mais de três bilhões de pessoas no mundo. O Brasil está entre os principais produtores mundiais de arroz e o estado do Rio Grande do Sul é o maior produtor brasileiro. O nitrogênio é considerado um nutriente limitante para a produção de arroz, o que provoca o intenso uso de fertilizantes químicos nessa cultura, uma prática altamente prejudicial ao meio ambiente. Neste contexto, têm-se procurado novas tecnologias que visam o aumento de produtividade, a melhoria da qualidade e a rentabilidade no cultivo dessa gramínea. Uma das alternativas para o aumento da produção é a utilização de bactérias promotoras do crescimento vegetal. Bactérias promotoras do crescimento vegetal (Plant growth-promoting bacteria, PGPB) são bactérias que podem promover o crescimento de plantas e induzir a tolerância para diferentes estresses, através de uma grande variedade de mecanismos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram isolar e caracterizar putativas PGPBs associadas ao solo rizosférico e raízes de arroz, cultivado em diferentes regiões produtoras do sul do Brasil, bem como de cultivares de arroz que apresentam diferentes níveis de tolerância ao excesso de ferro, cultivadas em duas regiões: Camaquã (solo com excesso de ferro) e Cachoeirinha (controle para o excesso de ferro). Os isolados bacterianos foram avaliados para a produção de compostos indólicos, sideróforos, ACC deaminase e solubilização de fosfato. A fixação biológica do nitrogênio in vitro foi avaliada para os isolados bacterianos usados em experimentos de inoculação em câmara de crescimento e a campo em Cachoeira do Sul e/ou Camaquã. Seiscentos e sessenta e cinco estirpes bacterianas foram seletivamente isoladas com base no seu desenvolvimento em meio seletivo e foram identificadas por análise parcial do gene 16S rRNA e metodologia de sequenciamento. Estirpes pertencentes aos gêneros Enterobacter e Burkholderia foram as mais abundantes entre os isolados Gram negativos, enquanto que aquelas pertencentes aos gêneros Paenibacillus e Bacillus foram as mais abundantes entre os isolados Gram positivos. Um grande número de PGPBs de diferentes gêneros bacterianos apresentou diferentes características promotoras de crescimento vegetal. Produtores de compostos indólicos foram os mais abundantes entre os isolados. Plantas de arroz inoculadas com os isolados Herbaspirillum sp. (AC32), Burkholderia sp. (AG15), Pseudacidovorax sp. (CA21) e Azospirillum sp. (UR51) em conjunto com a metade da dose de fertilizante nitrogenado (60 kg de ureia ha-1) atingiram resultados semelhantes àquelas tratadas com a dose total de fertilizante, sem inoculação (120 kg de ureia ha-1). Estirpes pertencentes aos gêneros Burkholderia, Chryseobacterium, e Paenibacillus apresentaram potencial para promover o crescimento da planta e a captação de nutrientes, em diferentes condições de ferro. Neste trabalho, a inoculação de arroz através da utilização de estirpes bacterianas confirmou o potencial dessas bactérias em interagir positivamente com o arroz.Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops for human nutrition been the food base for more than three billion of people in the world. Brazil is one of the top rice producers and Rio Grande do Sul state is the biggest producer in Brazil. Nitrogen is the most frequent limiting nutrient for rice production and the chemical fertilization usage is among agricultural practices that are most prejudicial to environment. New technologies are being search to increase productivity, to improve quality and profitability in the cultivation of this grass. One of the alternatives for the increase in rice production is the use of plant-growth-promoting bacteria. Plant growthpromoting bacteria (PGPB) are bacteria that can enhance plant growth and induce tolerance in plants under different stresses using a wide variety of mechanisms. The objectives of this study were to isolate and characterize putative PGPBs associated with rhizospheric soil and roots of rice plants cropped in different areas of southern Brazil, as well of rice cultivars that present distinct tolerance to iron toxicity grown in two areas: one with a well-established history of iron toxicity (Camaquã) and another without iron toxicity (Cachoeirinha). Bacterial isolates were evaluated for their ability to produce indolic compounds, siderophores, ACC deaminase, and solubilize phosphate. In vitro biological nitrogen fixation was evaluated for bacterial isolates used in the inoculation experiments in a growth chamber and under field conditions in Cachoeira do Sul and/or Camaquã. A total of 665 bacterial strains were selectively isolated based on their growth in selective media and were identified by analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and partial sequencing methodologies. Strains belonging to the Burkholderia and Enterobacter genera were the most abundant among all the Gram negative isolates whereas those belonging to Paenibacillus and Bacillus genera were the most abundant among the Gram positive isolates. A large number of PGPBs belonging to different bacterial genera presented several plant growth promotion traits. Indolic compounds producers were widely found among isolates. Plants inoculated with isolates Herbaspirillum sp. (AC32), Burkholderia sp. (AG15), Pseudacidovorax sp. (CA21), and Azospirillum sp. (UR51) together with half-fertilization level (60 kg of urea ha-1) achieved growth similar to those that received the full-fertilization level without inoculation (120 kg of urea ha-1). Strains belonging to Burkholderia, Chryseobacterium, and Paenibacillus genera presented the potential to promote the plant growth and nutrient uptake in different iron conditions. In this work, the rice inoculation through the utilization of bacterial strains confirmed the bacterial potential to positively interact with rice

Boletín oficial de ventas de bienes nacionales de la provincia de Salamanca: Número 37 - 1856 Junio 23

O arroz (Oryza sativa L.) é um dos alimentos mais importantes para a nutrição humana, sendo a base alimentar de mais de três bilhões de pessoas no mundo. O Brasil está entre os principais produtores mundiais de arroz e o estado do Rio Grande do Sul é o maior produtor brasileiro. O nitrogênio é considerado um nutriente limitante para a produção de arroz, o que provoca o intenso uso de fertilizantes químicos nessa cultura, uma prática altamente prejudicial ao meio ambiente. Neste contexto, têm-se procurado novas tecnologias que visam o aumento de produtividade, a melhoria da qualidade e a rentabilidade no cultivo dessa gramínea. Uma das alternativas para o aumento da produção é a utilização de bactérias promotoras do crescimento vegetal. Bactérias promotoras do crescimento vegetal (Plant growth-promoting bacteria, PGPB) são bactérias que podem promover o crescimento de plantas e induzir a tolerância para diferentes estresses, através de uma grande variedade de mecanismos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram isolar e caracterizar putativas PGPBs associadas ao solo rizosférico e raízes de arroz, cultivado em diferentes regiões produtoras do sul do Brasil, bem como de cultivares de arroz que apresentam diferentes níveis de tolerância ao excesso de ferro, cultivadas em duas regiões: Camaquã (solo com excesso de ferro) e Cachoeirinha (controle para o excesso de ferro). Os isolados bacterianos foram avaliados para a produção de compostos indólicos, sideróforos, ACC deaminase e solubilização de fosfato. A fixação biológica do nitrogênio in vitro foi avaliada para os isolados bacterianos usados em experimentos de inoculação em câmara de crescimento e a campo em Cachoeira do Sul e/ou Camaquã. Seiscentos e sessenta e cinco estirpes bacterianas foram seletivamente isoladas com base no seu desenvolvimento em meio seletivo e foram identificadas por análise parcial do gene 16S rRNA e metodologia de sequenciamento. Estirpes pertencentes aos gêneros Enterobacter e Burkholderia foram as mais abundantes entre os isolados Gram negativos, enquanto que aquelas pertencentes aos gêneros Paenibacillus e Bacillus foram as mais abundantes entre os isolados Gram positivos. Um grande número de PGPBs de diferentes gêneros bacterianos apresentou diferentes características promotoras de crescimento vegetal. Produtores de compostos indólicos foram os mais abundantes entre os isolados. Plantas de arroz inoculadas com os isolados Herbaspirillum sp. (AC32), Burkholderia sp. (AG15), Pseudacidovorax sp. (CA21) e Azospirillum sp. (UR51) em conjunto com a metade da dose de fertilizante nitrogenado (60 kg de ureia ha-1) atingiram resultados semelhantes àquelas tratadas com a dose total de fertilizante, sem inoculação (120 kg de ureia ha-1). Estirpes pertencentes aos gêneros Burkholderia, Chryseobacterium, e Paenibacillus apresentaram potencial para promover o crescimento da planta e a captação de nutrientes, em diferentes condições de ferro. Neste trabalho, a inoculação de arroz através da utilização de estirpes bacterianas confirmou o potencial dessas bactérias em interagir positivamente com o arroz.Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops for human nutrition been the food base for more than three billion of people in the world. Brazil is one of the top rice producers and Rio Grande do Sul state is the biggest producer in Brazil. Nitrogen is the most frequent limiting nutrient for rice production and the chemical fertilization usage is among agricultural practices that are most prejudicial to environment. New technologies are being search to increase productivity, to improve quality and profitability in the cultivation of this grass. One of the alternatives for the increase in rice production is the use of plant-growth-promoting bacteria. Plant growthpromoting bacteria (PGPB) are bacteria that can enhance plant growth and induce tolerance in plants under different stresses using a wide variety of mechanisms. The objectives of this study were to isolate and characterize putative PGPBs associated with rhizospheric soil and roots of rice plants cropped in different areas of southern Brazil, as well of rice cultivars that present distinct tolerance to iron toxicity grown in two areas: one with a well-established history of iron toxicity (Camaquã) and another without iron toxicity (Cachoeirinha). Bacterial isolates were evaluated for their ability to produce indolic compounds, siderophores, ACC deaminase, and solubilize phosphate. In vitro biological nitrogen fixation was evaluated for bacterial isolates used in the inoculation experiments in a growth chamber and under field conditions in Cachoeira do Sul and/or Camaquã. A total of 665 bacterial strains were selectively isolated based on their growth in selective media and were identified by analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and partial sequencing methodologies. Strains belonging to the Burkholderia and Enterobacter genera were the most abundant among all the Gram negative isolates whereas those belonging to Paenibacillus and Bacillus genera were the most abundant among the Gram positive isolates. A large number of PGPBs belonging to different bacterial genera presented several plant growth promotion traits. Indolic compounds producers were widely found among isolates. Plants inoculated with isolates Herbaspirillum sp. (AC32), Burkholderia sp. (AG15), Pseudacidovorax sp. (CA21), and Azospirillum sp. (UR51) together with half-fertilization level (60 kg of urea ha-1) achieved growth similar to those that received the full-fertilization level without inoculation (120 kg of urea ha-1). Strains belonging to Burkholderia, Chryseobacterium, and Paenibacillus genera presented the potential to promote the plant growth and nutrient uptake in different iron conditions. In this work, the rice inoculation through the utilization of bacterial strains confirmed the bacterial potential to positively interact with rice

Plant growth-promoting bacteria as inoculants in agricultural soils

AbstractPlant-microbe interactions in the rhizosphere are the determinants of plant health, productivity and soil fertility. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are bacteria that can enhance plant growth and protect plants from disease and abiotic stresses through a wide variety of mechanisms; those that establish close associations with plants, such as the endophytes, could be more successful in plant growth promotion. Several important bacterial characteristics, such as biological nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, ACC deaminase activity, and production of siderophores and phytohormones, can be assessed as plant growth promotion (PGP) traits. Bacterial inoculants can contribute to increase agronomic efficiency by reducing production costs and environmental pollution, once the use of chemical fertilizers can be reduced or eliminated if the inoculants are efficient. For bacterial inoculants to obtain success in improving plant growth and productivity, several processes involved can influence the efficiency of inoculation, as for example the exudation by plant roots, the bacterial colonization in the roots, and soil health. This review presents an overview of the importance of soil-plant-microbe interactions to the development of efficient inoculants, once PGPB are extensively studied microorganisms, representing a very diverse group of easily accessible beneficial bacteria

Bacterial inoculants for rice: effects on nutrient uptake and growth promotion

<p>Beneficial soil bacteria are able to colonize plant root systems promoting plant growth and increasing crop yield and nutrient uptake through a variety of mechanisms. These bacteria can be an alternative to chemical fertilizers without productivity loss. The objectives of this study were to test bacterial inoculants for their ability to promote nutrient uptake and/or plant growth of rice plants subjected to different rates of chemical fertilizer, and to determine whether inoculants could be an alternative to nitrogen fertilizers. To test the interaction between putatively beneficial bacteria and rice plants, field experiments were conducted with two isolates: AC32 (<i>Herbaspirillum</i> sp.) and UR51 (<i>Rhizobium</i> sp.), and different nitrogen fertilization conditions (0%, 50%, and 100% of urea). Satisfactory results were obtained in relation to the nutrient uptake by plants inoculated with both isolates, principally when the recommended amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 50% reduced. These bacterial strains were unable to increase plant growth and grain yield when plants were subjected to the high level of fertilization. This study indicated that the tested inoculant formulations can provide essential nutrients to plants, especially when the levels of nitrogen fertilizers are reduced.</p

Screening of plant growth promoting bacteria associated with barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivated in South Brazil

The occurrence of associations between bacteria and plant roots may be beneficial, neutral or detrimental. Plant growth promoting (PGP) bacteria form a heterogeneous group of beneficial microorganisms that can be found in the rhizosphere, the root surfaces or in association with host plant. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize PGP bacteria associated to barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L.) aiming a future application as agricultural inoculant. One hundred and sixty bacterial strains were isolated from roots or rhizospheric soil of barley based on their growth in nitrogen-free selective media. They were evaluated for their ability to produce indolic compounds (ICs) and siderophores, and to solubilize tricalcium phosphate in in vitro assays. Most of them (74%) were able to synthesize ICs in the presence of the precursor L-tryptophan, while 57% of the isolates produced siderophores in Fe-limited liquid medium, and 17% were able to solubilize tricalcium phosphate. Thirty-two isolates possessing different PGP characteristics were identified by partial sequencing of their 16S rRNA gene. Strains belonging to Cedecea and Microbacterium genera promoted the growth of barley plants in insoluble phosphate conditions, indicating that these bacteria could be used as bioinoculants contributing to decrease the amount of fertilizers applied in barley crops

PREVALÊNCIA DE HIPERLORDOSE LOMBAR E HIPERCIFOSE DORSAL EM ESCOLARES DA SERRA GAÚCHA

Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência de hiperlordose lombar e hipercifose dorsal em escolares de 08 a 15 anos deidade em quatro escolas da rede municipal de ensino de Caxias do Sul. Metodologia: Foram avaliados 864 escolares,através de um estudo descritivo. Verificou-se os desvios posturais de tronco, por meio de avaliação postural nasvistas anterior, lateral e posterior. Resultados: As prevalências de desvios posturais observadas foram de 16,6% paraa hipercifose dorsal e 27,9% para a hiperlordose lombar. A idade de 8 a 12 anos apresentou-se como a idade com maiorprevalência para hiperlordose lombar. Conclusões: Os achados confirmam a necessidade de intervenções por partedos profissionais da saúde e educação, buscando corrigir hábitos inadequados de postura corporal, que podem seagravar e causar danos irreversíveis

Reclassification of Paenibacillus riograndensis as a genomovar of Paenibacillus sonchi: genome-based metrics improve bacterial taxonomic classification

Sant'Anna F, Ambrosini A, de Souza R, et al. Reclassification of Paenibacillus riograndensis as a genomovar of Paenibacillus sonchi: genome-based metrics improve bacterial taxonomic classification. Front. Microbiol. 2017;8: 1849