165 research outputs found

    Émile Guillaumin: du lecteur au prescripteur de lectures militantes

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    La vie d’Émile Guillaumin, né à Ygrande (Allier) en 1873, mort dans le même village en 1951, constitue une trajectoire originale. Paysan tout au long de sa vie, refusant de quitter la terre, il est aussi écrivain, cantonné aux marges d’un champ littéraire largement fermé aux classes populaires. Méfiant à l’égard des partis et des étiquettes politiques, son seul engagement militant au sens classique est syndical est le poste de secrétaire d’un des premiers syndicats de paysans, la Fédération d..

    Les jeunesses au prisme de la sociologie. État des lieux

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    En France, la sociologie de la jeunesse, « sous-discipline mineure consacrée à un objet mineur », est un champ peu exploré et faiblement institutionnalisé (ni laboratoires, ni revues, ni enseignements spécialisés). La définition problématique de la catégorie « jeunesse » a longtemps été un frein au développement de ce champ d’études, qui demeure fortement tributaire des préoccupations politiques et sociales. On essaiera néanmoins de présenter un état des lieux des recherches portant sur les j..

    La trajectoire d’Émile Guillaumin

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    Émile Guillaumin (1873-1951) est, en France, le plus connu et le plus cité des écrivains paysans. Sa trajectoire est bel et bien exceptionnelle. Demeuré paysan sa vie durant, il tente de pénétrer un champ littéraire particulièrement fermé aux classes populaires. Pour cela, il met en œuvre une stratégie de brandissement de son stigmate social, stratégie temporairement payante, puisqu’il parvient à publier plusieurs recueils de poèmes et des romans. Mais cette stratégie rencontre vite des limites.  Et après la Grande Guerre, il est contraint de se réorienter vers une activité journalistique. Il devient alors une sorte de chroniqueur spécialiste des campagnes, dans les années 1930

    Estimation of detrimental impact of new metals candidate in advanced microelectronic

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    The increasing complexity and miniaturization of integrated circuits (IC) requires the introduction of a large number of new materials which represent possible risk of contamination. Indeed many integration steps use “exotic metals” to achieve the targeted device performance: - The transistor includes high-k dielectrics to replace SiO2, silicides to replace the polycrystalline Si gate, metals for electrodes, substrates with high mobility. - Interconnects need new barriers for Copper. - Non-volatile memories and Above IC components such as RF features or imagers introduce new materials to target specific electrical, magnetic or optical properties. This study follows work published in 2005 by Bigot et al. [1] and will focus on the behavior of each element toward Si and SiO2 properties. This work aims at completing previous work dealing with the seriousness of cross contamination and will report for the first time with “news” metals for which the behavior in Silicon and oxide is really unknown ( Sc, Er, Yb, La, Cd,...)

    Le communisme agraire

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    Le thème de ce séminaire est la suite logique du travail des années précédentes consacré à l'examen des forces syndicales représentatives des paysanneries françaises, examen qui avait mis au jour le clivage toujours agissant entre des appartenances politiques opposées. Il s'agit, à présent, de tenter d'appréhender les fondements politiques de ces oppositions, en les situant sur la longue durée. Un retour sur l'historiographie, et plus largement sur les recherches en sciences sociales p..

    La résistance du vote rural (1981-2002)

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    RésuméL’objet de cet article est de mesurer l’importance du vote communiste en milieu rural, à l’échelon du canton, lors des présidentielles de 1981 et de 2002, et de tester des corrélations entre ce vote et des variables sociodémographiques. Il apparaît que les électeurs urbains n’ont pas une propension plus forte que les ruraux à voter pour le PC, et que les cantons qui résistent le mieux au déclin électoral sont majoritairement ruraux. Les zones de force du communisme ont évolué de façon contrastée : le Nord, le Midi méditerranéen et la région parisienne enregistrent des pertes considérables, alors que les espaces, souvent ruraux, du sud-ouest et du pourtour du Massif central se défendent mieux. Les cantons ruraux les plus résistants correspondent aux campagnes en déclin démographique, où la proportion d’agriculteurs est élevée.AbstractHow to measure the French Communist Party vote in rural areas, at the level of the canton, during presidential elections in 1981 and 2002? How is this vote correlated with sociodemographic variables? Urban areas were not more inclined than rural areas to vote for the Party, and most of the cantons where the Party’s share of the vote decreased the least were rural. Trends differ from one heavily Communist area to another. In northern France, around the Mediterranean and in the greater Paris area, the FCP suffered considerable losses, whereas it put up more resistance in the more often rural areas of southwestern France and along the edges of the Massif Central. The rural cantons that stayed loyal to the Party correspond to areas with a high proportion of farmers and a decreasing population

    Estudo da relação oclusal com a postura da cervical em estudantes universitários de medicina dentária

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    Introdução: A oclusão dentária não é estática, engloba a dinâmica funcional do sistema estomatognático e está em íntima interligação com a coluna cervical. Objetivos: Classificar e analisar a relação das classes de Angle, comportamentos orais (CO) e postura da cervical, em estudantes do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Dentária (MIMD), Universidade Fernando Pessoa. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo observacional transversal, 58 estudantes MIMD, 19-50 anos, avaliados por exame clínico oclusal da relação molar e canina segundo Angle. A postura cervical avaliada utilizando imagens fotográficas digitais, com marcação prévia nos participantes de 2 pontos anatómicos, de perfil lateral o trágus e na vista posterior a sétima vértebra cervical, através da utilização do Software de Avaliação Postural para determinação do ângulo crânio-vertebral (ACV). Os CO foram avaliados pela Lista de Avaliação de CO. A avaliação dos resultados fez-se pelo somatório dos 21 items (0-4/item), 0-84 pontos, categorizado em tercis (0-16 CO normal, 17-24 risco baixo, 25-84 risco alto). Análise estatística realizada com o programa SPSS v.27.0 considerando um nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados: 65,5% do 5o ano MIMD e 70,7% do género feminino. Classe I canina e molar as mais prevalentes (63,8%; 60,3%). ACV médio de 58,5°±3,3. Associação significativa entre ACV e a oclusão molar assimétrica (p=0,041), baixo risco CO e a oclusão molar de classe II (p=0,004) e risco alto de CO com o ano escolaridade (3a e 5a ano; p=0,033 e p=0,031 respetivamente). Conclusão: Dentro das limitações do estudo a relação oclusal molar assimétrica evidenciou associação com a postura da cervical.Introduction: The dental occlusion is not static, it encompasses the functional dynamics of the stomatognathic system and is an intimate interconnection with the cervical spine. Objectives: Classifying and analyzing the relationship of Angle’s classes, oral behavior (OB) and cervical posture, in students of the Master's Degree in Dental Medicine (MDDM), University Fernando Pessoa. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional observational study, 58 MDDM students, 19-50 years old, evaluated by clinical occlusal examination of the molar and canine relationship according to Angle. Cervical posture was evaluated using digital photographic images, with prior marking in participants of 2 anatomical points, lateral profile the tragus and in the posterior view the seventh cervical vertebra, using the Postural Assessment Software to determine the craniovertebral angle (CVA). OB were assessed by the OB Checklist. The results were evaluated by the sum of the 21 items (0-4/item), 0-84 points, categorized into tertiles (0-16 normal OB, 17-24 low risk, 25-84 high risk). Statistical analysis performed with the SPSS v.27.0 program considering a significance level of 0.05. Results: 65.5% of the 5th grade of MDDM and 70.7% female’s gender. Class I canine and molar the most prevalent (63.8%; 60.3%). Mean CVA of 58.5°±3.3. Significant association between CVA and asymmetric molar occlusion (p=0.041), low risk of OB and class II molar occlusion (p=0.004) and high risk of OB with year of schooling (3rd and 5th grade; p=0.033 and p= 0.031 respectively). Conclusion: Within the study’s limitations, the asymmetric molar occlusal relationship showed an association with cervical posture

    Deciphering why Salmonella Gallinarum is less invasive in vitro than Salmonella Enteritidis

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    International audienceSalmonella Gallinarum and Salmonella Enteritidis are genetically closely related however associated with different pathologies. Several studies have suggested that S. Gallinarum is less invasive in vitro than S. Enteritidis. In this study we confirm that the S. Gallinarum strains tested were much less invasive than the S. Enteritidis strains tested in cells of avian or human origin. In addition, the S. Gallinarum T3SS-1-dependent ability to invade host cells was delayed by two to three hours compared to S. Enteritidis, indicating that T3SS-1-dependent entry is less efficient in S. Gallinarum than S. Enteritidis. This was neither due to a decreased transcription of T3SS-1 related genes when bacteria come into contact with cells, as transcription of hilA, invF and sipA was similar to that observed for S. Enteritidis, nor to a lack of functionality of the S. Gallinarum T3SS-1 apparatus as this apparatus was able to secrete and translocate effector proteins into host cells. In contrast, genome comparison of four S. Gallinarum and two S. Enteritidis strains revealed that all S. Gallinarum genomes displayed the same point mutations in each of the main T3SS-1 effector genes sipA, sopE, sopE2, sopD and sopA

    Effects of a Lifestyle Program on Vascular Reactivity in Macro- and Microcirculation in Severely Obese Adolescents

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    Context and Objective: This study aimed to comprehensively assess the macro- and microcirculation of severely obese adolescents (SOA) and normal-weight counterparts and to determine the longitudinal effects of weight loss on vascular function in SOA. Design, Setting, Participants, and Outcome Measures: Seventeen SOA (body mass index z-score = 4.22 ± 0.73) and 19 puberty-matched normal-weight counterparts (body mass index z-score = −0.02 ± 1.04) were included. The SOA participated in a 4 month weight loss program. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and response to sublingual nitrate (nitrate-mediated dilation [NMD]) were assessed by high-resolution ultrasound. Microvascular reactivity was evaluated by laser Doppler flowmetry in response to NMD, iontophoresis of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside, and local hyperthermia. Plasma insulin, leptin, resistin, C-reactive protein, myeloperoxidase, and tissue plasminogen activator were measured. Results: At baseline, SOA had similar flow-mediated dilation and impaired NMD in the brachial artery compared to normal-weight adolescents. Similarly, peak responses to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside iontophoresis and to local hyperthermia were unaltered, whereas cutaneous blood flow after NMD was lower in the forearm microcirculation of SOA. All plasma measurements were significantly higher in SOA. After the 4-month program, SOA presented a weight reduction of 7.4 ± 3.1%, but neither brachial artery nor microvascular reactivity variables were improved. Significant decreases were detected in plasma leptin, myeloperoxidase, and tissue plasminogen activator. Conclusions: Macro- and microvascular endothelial function are preserved in adolescents with severe obesity. Conversely, weight loss does not improve their impaired smooth muscle response to exogenous organic nitrate in both vascular beds, despite reducing plasma markers adversely related to vascular homeostasis.This study was supported by grants from the French Society of Vascular Medicine 2010-2012 (to A.V. and A.P.M), and the Spanish Ministry of Health (CIBERobn CB12/03/30038) (to E.R.
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