Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

Colombia diversidad biótica XIX : Selvas transicionales de Cumaribo (Vichada – Colombia)

ilustraciones, fotografías, mapasEl presente volumen documenta la caracterización biofísica de las selvas transicionales de Cumaribo realizada por investigadores del Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación del Instituto de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Rangel-Ch. et al., en este volumen), como resultado del convenio de cooperación suscrito con Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia, para la generación de información base para los procesos de declaratoria de nuevas áreas. En particular, los resultados de la caracterización biofísica indicaron que el territorio de las selvas transicionales de Cumaribo presenta una alta importancia ecológica con muestras de ecosistemas que se encuentran con una baja o nula representatividad en el SINAP. Estos ecosistemas tienen altos valores de biodiversidad y mantienen las condiciones ideales para la conservación de especies de flora y fauna, donde sobresalen grupos de mamíferos, reptiles, aves, anfibios, mariposas y crustáceos. Varias de las especies registradas en el área se encuentran bajo categorías de amenaza según la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (UICN), o se encuentran en los apéndices I y II de la Convención sobre el Comercio Interna- cional de Especies Amenazadas de Fauna y Flora Silvestres (CITES). Así mismo, a partir de los resultados obtenidos se pudieron identificar nuevos registros de flora y fauna para la región. (texto tomado de la fuente)GEOLOGÍA Y GEOMORFOLOGÍA EN EL TERRITORIO DE LAS SELVAS TRANSICIONALES DE CUMARIBO, VICHADA (COLOMBIA) / Geology and geomorphology in the territory of the transitional jungle of Cumaribo, Vichada (Colombia) -CARACTERIZACIÓN CLIMÁTICA DEL TERRITORIO DE LAS SELVAS TRANSICIONALES DE CUMARIBO, VICHADA (COLOMBIA) / Climatic characterization of the territory of the transitional jungle of Cumaribo, Vichada (Colombia) -- LA VEGETACIÓN EN EL TERRITORIO DE LAS SELVAS TRANSICIONALES DE CUMARIBO, VICHADA (COLOMBIA): COMPOSICIÓN FLORÍSTICA Y PRINCIPALES ASPECTOS ESTRUCTURALES / The vegetation in the territory of the transitional jungle of Cumaribo, Vichada (Colombia): floristic composition and main structural aspects -- RIQUEZA Y DIVERSIDAD DE LAS PLANTAS CON FLORES EN EL TERRITORIO DE LAS SELVAS TRANSICIONALES DE CUMARIBO, VICHADA (COLOMBIA) / Richness and diversity patterns of flowering plants in the territory of the transitional jungle of Cumaribo, Vichada (Colombia) -- SUELOS EN EL TERRITORIO DE LAS SELVAS TRANSICIONALES DE CUMARIBO, VICHADA (COLOMBIA): ASPECTOS FÍSICOS Y QUÍMICOS CON BASE EN REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA / Soils in the territory of the transitional jungle of Cumaribo, Vichada (Colombia): Physical and chemical aspects based on bibliographic review -- CARACTERIZACIÓN BIOCLIMÁTICA EN EL TERRITORIO DE LAS SELVAS TRANSICIONALES DE CUMARIBO, VICHADA (COLOMBIA) / Bioclimatic characterization in the territory of transitional jungle of Cumaribo, Vichada (Colombia) -- FLORA Y VEGETACIÓN ACUÁTICA EN EL TERRITORIO DE LAS SELVAS TRANSICIONALES DE CUMARIBO, VICHADA (COLOMBIA) / Flowering plants and aquatic vegetation in the territory of transitional jungles of Cumaribo, Vichada (Colombia) -- USOS POTENCIALES Y CATEGORÍAS DE RIESGO DE LAS PLANTAS CON FLORES EN EL TERRITORIO DE LAS SELVAS TRANSICIONALES DE CUMARIBO, VICHADA (COLOMBIA) / Potential uses and categories of risk of the flowering plants in the territory of the transitional jungle of Cumaribo, Vichada (Colombia) -- CRUSTÁCEOS-DECÁPODOS EN EL TERRITORIO DE LAS SELVAS TRANSICIONALES DE CUMARIBO, VICHADA (COLOMBIA) / Crustaceans-decapods in the territory of the transitional jungle of Cumaribo, Vichada (Colombia) -- DIVERSIDAD DE MARIPOSAS (LEPIDOPTERA: PAPILIONIDAE-HESPERIOIDAE) EN EL TERRITORIO DE LAS SELVAS TRANSICIONALES DE CUMARIBO, VICHADA (COLOMBIA) / Diversity of butterflies (lepidoptera: papilionidae-hesperiidae) in the territory of the transitional jungle of Cumaribo, Vichada (Colombia) -- RIQUEZA Y DIVERSIDAD DE LA COMUNIDAD DE AVES EN EL TERRITORIO DE LAS SELVAS TRANSICIONALES DE CUMARIBO, VICHADA (COLOMBIA) / Richness and diversity of bird community in the territory of the transitional jungles of Cumaribo, Vichada (Colombia) Elkin Rodríguez-Ortiz -- LOMBRICES DEL SUELO EN EL TERRITORIO DE LAS SELVAS TRANSICIONALES DE CUMARIBO, VICHADA (COLOMBIA) / Earthworms in the territory of the transitional jungle of Cumaribo, Vichada (Colombia) -- ANFIBIOS Y REPTILES EN EL TERRITORIO DE LAS SELVAS TRANSICIONALES DE CUMARIBO, VICHADA (COLOMBIA) Amphibians and reptiles in the territory of the transitional jungle of Cumaribo, Vichada (Colombia) -- MAMÍFEROS EN EL TERRITORIO SELVAS TRANSICIONALES DE CUMARIBO, VICHADA (COLOMBIA) / Mammals in the territory of the transitional jungle of Cumaribo, Vichada (Colombia) -- CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LA COMUNIDAD ÍCTICA EN EL TERRITORIO DE LAS SELVAS TRANSICIONALES DE CUMARIBO, VICHADA (COLOMBIA) / Characterization of the ictical community in the territory of the transitional jungles of Cumaribo, Vichada (Colombia) -- LA CARTOGRAFÍA DE LA VEGETACIÓN, LOS ECOSISTEMAS Y LAS AMENAZAS EN EL TERRITORIO DE LAS SELVAS TRANSICIONALES DE CUMARIBO, VICHADA (COLOMBIA) / The cartography of vegetation, ecosystems and Threats in the transitional jungles of Cumaribo, Vichada (Colombia) -- SERVICIOS ECOSISTÉMICOS EN EL TERRITORIO SELVAS TRANSICIONALES DE CUMARIBO, VICHADA (COLOMBIA) / Ecosystem services in the transitional jungle territory of Cumaribo, Vichada (Colombia)primera edició

DataSheet_2_NK cells with decreased expression of multiple activating receptors is a dominant phenotype in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.docx

NK cells have unique attributes to react towards cells undergoing malignant transformation or viral infection. This reactivity is regulated by activating or inhibitory germline encoded receptors. An impaired NK cell function may result from an aberrant expression of such receptors, a condition often seen in patients with hematological cancers. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer worldwide and NK cells have emerged as crucial targets for developing immunotherapies. However, there are important gaps concerning the phenotype and behavior of NK cells during emergence of ALL. In this study we analyze the phenotype and function of NK cells from peripheral blood in pediatric patients with ALL at diagnosis. Our results showed that NK cells exhibited an altered phenotype highlighted by a significant reduction in the overall expression and percent representation of activating receptors compared to age-matched controls. No significant differences were found for the expression of inhibitory receptors. Moreover, NK cells with a concurrent reduced expression in various activating receptors, was the dominant phenotype among patients. An alteration in the relative frequencies of NK cells expressing NKG2A and CD57 within the mature NK cell pool was also observed. In addition, NK cells from patients displayed a significant reduction in the ability to sustain antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Finally, an aberrant expression of activating receptors is associated with the phenomenon of leukemia during childhood.</p

DataSheet_1_NK cells with decreased expression of multiple activating receptors is a dominant phenotype in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.pdf

NK cells have unique attributes to react towards cells undergoing malignant transformation or viral infection. This reactivity is regulated by activating or inhibitory germline encoded receptors. An impaired NK cell function may result from an aberrant expression of such receptors, a condition often seen in patients with hematological cancers. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer worldwide and NK cells have emerged as crucial targets for developing immunotherapies. However, there are important gaps concerning the phenotype and behavior of NK cells during emergence of ALL. In this study we analyze the phenotype and function of NK cells from peripheral blood in pediatric patients with ALL at diagnosis. Our results showed that NK cells exhibited an altered phenotype highlighted by a significant reduction in the overall expression and percent representation of activating receptors compared to age-matched controls. No significant differences were found for the expression of inhibitory receptors. Moreover, NK cells with a concurrent reduced expression in various activating receptors, was the dominant phenotype among patients. An alteration in the relative frequencies of NK cells expressing NKG2A and CD57 within the mature NK cell pool was also observed. In addition, NK cells from patients displayed a significant reduction in the ability to sustain antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Finally, an aberrant expression of activating receptors is associated with the phenomenon of leukemia during childhood.</p

Libro de Proyectos Finales 2021 primer semestre

PregradoIngeniero CivilIngeniero de SistemasIngeniero ElectricistaIngeniero ElectrónicoIngeniero IndustrialIngeniero Mecánic

Proceedings of the 4th World Conference on Research Integrity

CITATION: O’Brien, S. P., et al. 2016. Proceedings of the 4th World Conference on Research Integrity. Research Integrity and Peer Review, 1:9, doi:10.1186/s41073-016-0012-9.The original publication is available at https://researchintegrityjournal.biomedcentral.comThese Proceedings contain the abstracts of the presentations given at the 4th World Conference in concurrent sessions, partner symposia, and poster sessions. Also included are summaries of the discussions in three focus tracks, which allowed delegates to consider and work on questions about the roles of funders, institutions, and countries in improving research systems and strengthening research integrity. Videos of the plenary presentations are available at the conference website (www.wcri2015.org).https://researchintegrityjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s41073-016-0012-