Phytoplankton community in a tropical estuarine gradient after an exceptional harmful bloom of Akashiwo sanguinea (Dinophyceae) in the Todos os Santos Bay

The objective of this study was to evaluate variations in the composition and abundance of the phytoplankton community afteran exceptional harmful bloom of Akashiwo sanguinea that occurred in Todos os Santos Bay (BTS) in early March, 2007. Sampleswere collected every ten days, between April, 2007 and March, 2008, from the estuarine gradient of the Paraguaçu River to BTS. Thephysical and chemical variables were measured in situ using a multiparameter sensor. Water samples were collected for analysisof the dissolved inorganic nutrient concentrations and for the study of composition and abundance of the microphytoplankton.Overall, 135 taxa were identified, with a higher richness of diatoms. The total cell density ranged from 2.92 × 103 to 1.16 × 107(5.47 × 105 ± 1.69 × 106) cells L−1, with higher values in the freshwater zone than in the marine area. Five species showed peaks ofabundance throughout the study, forming small blooms. Four of these blooms occurred in the rainy season, formed by the speciesGuinardia striata (April, 2007), Scrippsiella cf. acuminata (August, 2007), Euglena gracilis (August, 2007), and Skeletonema cf. costatum(September, 2007), while a new bloom of the species Akashiwo sanguinea occurred during the dry season (December, 2007). Theenvironment was typically oligotrophic, with low spatiotemporal variation in the concentrations of dissolved nutrients. Even so, weobserved short-term variations in the structure and composition of the phytoplankton community, demonstrated by rapid bloomevents, followed by an increase in the total abundance of microphytoplankton, especially during the rainy season. The blooms didnot cause any notable changes in the water column and did not present any harmful effects on the system

Sea-air CO2 fluxes along the Brazilian continental margin

Measurements of the marine carbonate system on tropical and subtropical continental margins are poorlydistributed in space and time, with many uncertainties persisting regarding the role of carbon exchanges at theocean-atmosphere interface in these areas. To calculate sea-to-air CO2 fluxes in Marine Ecoregions along theBrazilian continental margin (4°N to 34°S), we used data from the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT v2020),collected up to 400 km from the coast, at the surface (5 m), between 1991 and 2018, with the aim of investigatingthe role of ecoregions as potential sinks or sources of atmospheric CO2. The temperature and salinity of seawaterpresented variability in the north-south direction mainly because of the broad latitudinal range, reflecting typicalpatterns of tropical (T = 27.4°C ±1.49; S = 36.4 ±1.91) and subtropical waters (T = 22.8°C ±3.41; S = 35 ±2.91), inaddition to the greater or lesser influence of river inputs in each ecoregion. The pCO2 values in the surface watersvaried from 121.81 (Amazon) to 478.92 µatm (Eastern), differing significantly between ecoregions and showingan expected decadal increasing trend, both in the atmosphere and in the seawater. The calculated values of CO2fluxes showed non-homogeneous spatio-temporal variations, from -24.37 mmol m-2 d-1 (Rio Grande) to 9.87 mmolm- 2 d-1 (Southeastern). Throughout the analyzed time series, we observed that the Northeast, Amazon and Easternecoregions acted predominantly as sources of CO2 and the Southeastern ecoregions and, mainly, Rio Grande,acted predominantly as sinks of atmospheric CO

Spontaneous combined rupture of a pelvicalyceal cyst into the collector system and retroperitoneal space during the acquisition of computed tomography scan images: a case report

Abstract Introduction Pelvicalyceal cysts are common findings in autopsies and can manifest with a variety of patterns. These cystic lesions are usually a benign entity with no clinical significance unless they enlarge enough to cause compression of the adjacent collecting system and consequently obstructive uropathy. Few cases of the spontaneous rupture of pelvicalyceal renal cysts have been published and to the best of our knowledge there is no report of a combined rupture to collector system and retroperitoneal space documented during a multiphase computed tomography. Case presentation We report a case of a ‘real-time’ spontaneous rupture of a pelvicalyceal cyst into the collecting system with fistulization into the retroperitoneum. The patient was a 78-year-old Caucasian man with a previous history of renal stones and a large pelvicalyceal renal cyst who was admitted to our Emergency department with acute right flank pain. A multiphase computed tomography was performed and the pre-contrast images demonstrated a right pelvicalyceal renal cyst measuring 12.0 × 6.1cm in the lower pole causing moderate dilation of the upper right renal collection system. In addition, a partially obstructive stone on the left distal ureter with mild left hydronephrosis was noted. The nephrographic phase did not add any new information. The excretory phase (10-minute delay) demonstrated a spontaneous rupture of the cyst into the pelvicalyceal system with posterior fistulization into the retroperitoneal space. Conclusion In this case study we present time-related changes of a rare pelvicalyceal cyst complication, which to the best of our knowledge has fortunately not been previously documented. Analysis of the sequential images and comparison with an earlier scan allowed us to better understand the physiopathological process of the rupture, the clinical presentation and to elaborate hypotheses for its etiopathogenesis

Safety assessment and antioxidant activity of Lantana montevidensis leaves

Lantana camara, the widely studied species, and L. montevidensis, the less studied species of the genus Lantana are both used in traditional medicine for the same purpose (anti-asthma, anti-ulcer, anti-tumor, etc). However, little is known about the toxicity of L. montevidensis and there is limited information on its chemical constituents. Here, we investigated for the first time the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of the ethanolic (EtOH) and aqueous extracts from the leaves of Lantana montevidensis in human leukocytes, as well as their ossible interaction with human erythrocyte membranes in vitro. The antioxidant activities of both extracts were also investigated in chemical and biological models. Treatment of leukocytes with EtOH or aqueous extracts (1-480 µg/mL) did not affect DNA damage index, but promoted cytotoxicity at higher concentrations (240-480 µg/mL). Both extracts did not modify the osmotic fragility of human erythrocytes. The extracts scavenged DPPH radical and prevented Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation in rat’s brain and liver homogenates, and this was likely not attributed to Fe (II) chelation. The HPLC analysis of the extracts showed different amounts of polyphenolic compounds (isoquercitrin, gallic acid, catechin, ellagic acid, apigenin, kaempferol, caffeic acid, rutin, quercitrin, quercetin, chlorogenic acid, luteolin) that may have contributed to these effects. These results supported information on the functional use of L. mon-tevidensis in folk medicine

Violência de Estado no Brasil: uma análise dos Crimes de Maio de 2006 na perspectiva da antropologia forense e da justiça de transição - relatório final

O objetivo deste relatório é apresentar os resultados do projeto “Violência de Estado no Brasil: um estudo dos Crimes de Maio de 2006 na perspectiva da antropologia forense e da justiça de transição”. A pesquisa analisou sessenta casos de pessoas assassinadas na região da Baixada Santista entre os dias 12 e 20 de maio de 2006, a fim de entender a dinâmica da violência, o perfil das vítimas e analisar indícios de execução sumária. Dessa forma, esperamos que os resultados possam contribuir com o esclarecimento dos crimes e com a demanda de justiça dos familiares das vítimas, e também colaborar com o debate sobre a violência de Estado no Brasil e com a construção de uma democracia real no país, conforme estabelecido pelos pilares da justiça de transição

VIVÊNCIAS DOS PROFISSIONAIS DE SAÚDE NO CUIDADO COM ATENÇÃO AOS RECÉM-NASCIDOS

The objective of the study was to understand the physical and physiological reactions of the newborn during treatment by the care team and to show the measures adopted by the care team to reduce the physiological and behavioral reactions of the newborn during the procedures. This is an integrated, descriptive and exploratory qualitative review, using 15 research articles retrieved from research sites such as Scielo (Electronic Science Library Online) and LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences). When analyzing the articles examined, they were grouped based on content similarity to form two categories: physiological and behavioral responses to newborn management and humanization and comfort strategies to minimize neonatal physiological and behavioral responses during procedures. Treatment of newborns can cause physiological and physical reactions that cause discomfort, pain, changes in the functioning of the heart and respiratory organs, for example. requires attention, humanization, planning according to the needs of the newborn.O objetivo do estudo foi conhecer as reações físicas e fisiológicas do recém-nascido durante o tratamento pela equipe assistencial e mostrar as medidas adotadas pela equipe assistencial para reduzir as reações fisiológicas e comportamentais do recém-nascido durante os procedimentos. Trata-se de uma revisão qualitativa integrada, descritiva e exploratória, utilizando 15 artigos de pesquisa recuperados de sites de pesquisa como Scielo (Biblioteca Eletrônica de Ciência Online) e LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde). Ao analisar os artigos examinados, eles foram agrupados com base na similaridade de conteúdo para formar duas categorias: respostas fisiológicas e comportamentais ao manejo do recém-nascido e estratégias de humanização e conforto para minimizar as respostas fisiológicas e comportamentais neonatais durante os procedimentos. O tratamento do recém-nascido pode causar reações fisiológicas e físicas que causam desconforto, dor, alterações no funcionamento do coração e dos órgãos respiratórios, por exemplo. requer atenção, humanização, planejamento de acordo com as necessidades do recém-nascido

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others