Técnicas de obturação termoplásticas: onda contínua de calor e carrier based

O Tratamento Endodôntico Não Cirúrgico, é composto por diferentes fases, entre as quais se destacam o acesso endodôntico, instrumentação, desinfeção e a obturação. Depois de uma abertura cuidadosa, é importante ter o canal instrumentado e conformado para facilitar a irrigação e garantir uma correta desinfeção, o que combinado com uma obturação hermética e tridimensional irá garantir uma maior taxa de sucesso. As técnicas termoplásticas, ao utilizarem um material termoplástico em conjunto com o cimento, permitem preencher melhor os espaços e o acesso a zonas com anatomias mais complexas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi efectuar uma pesquisa bibliográfica para analisar e comparar duas técnicas de obturação: a Onda Contínua de Calor e a Carrier Based. Com a realização deste trabalho encontramos que devido à especificidade do caso clínico e às características anatómicas há influencia na escolha da técnica de obturação.Non-surgical Endodontic Treatment consists of different phases, among which stand out endodontic access, instrumentation, disinfection and a filling. After a careful opening, it is important to have the channel instrumented and shaped to facilitate irrigation and ensure proper disinfection, which combined with a hermetic and three-dimensional seal to ensure a higher success rate. The thermoplastic techniques, when using a thermoplastic material in conjunction with the cement, better accessory of the spaces and access to zones with more complex anatomies. The objective of this work is to perform a bibliographical research to analyze and compare two techniques of obturation: a Continuous Wave and a Carrier Based. With the accomplishment of this work and its specification of the clinical case and the anatomical characteristics in the influence of the choice of the technique of obturation

Perfeccionismo e distress psicológico : prevenção no ensino superior

Mestrado em Psicologia - Psicologia Clínica e da SaúdeNo contexto universitário tem-se vindo a observar uma preocupante prevalência de sintomatologia associada ao perfeccionismo, depressão e distress psicológico entre os estudantes do ensino superior. O presente estudo tem como principais objectivos caracterizar a população universitária quanto ao perfeccionismo, sintomatologia depressiva e distress psicológico e a relação entre o perfeccionismo e as restantes variáveis. Também se considerou a opinião dos estudantes quanto à pertinência de programas de prevenção nas instituições de ensino superior. No estudo participaram 254 estudantes de várias Universidades do país. Os instrumentos de avaliação utilizados foram a Escala Multidimensional do Perfeccionismo (EMP); o Questionário sobre a Saúde do Paciente (PHQ9) e a Escala do Distress Psicológico do Kessler (K10). Adicionalmente foi também aplicado um breve questionário no âmbito dos programas de prevenção. Os resultados sugeriram níveis significativamente elevados de sintomatologia depressiva e distress psicológico nos estudantes que referiram ter perturbação mental e aqueles que estão a ter acompanhamento. Observou-se também correlações significativas entre o perfeccionismo e a sintomatologia depressiva e distress psicológico. Os estudantes também parecem reconhecer a importância de programas de prevenção. Este estudo parece sugerir a existência de determinados grupos de estudantes em maior sofrimento psicológico, e portanto em maior risco, em comparação com os estudantes em geral. Observando-se uma relação entre as variáveis em estudo, aponta-se para uma possível influência do perfeccionismo no sofrimento psicológico dos estudantes. Neste sentido, tendo em conta os resultados obtidos, sublinha-se a importância da prevenção neste contexto, considerando-se a sua aplicação através da internet uma via bastante promissora.It has been possible to observe, in university context, a worrying prevalence of symptoms associated with perfectionism, depression and psychological distress in university students. The present study has as main goals to characterize the university population in variables such as perfectionism, depressive symptomatology and psychological distress, and the relation between perfectionism and the other remain variables. It was also considered the opinion of students of the importance of prevention programs in university institutions. In this study participated 254 students from various universities along the country. The instruments used were the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS); the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Additionally, it was also used a brief questionnaire exploring prevention programs. The results suggested significantly elevated levels of depressive symptomology and distress in students that referred having a mental disorder and are attending psychological counseling. It was also observed significant correlations between perfectionism and depressive symptomatology and distress. Students seem to recognize the importance of prevention programs. This study seems to suggest the existence of particular groups of students in higher emotional suffering, and so in greater risk, in comparison with students in general. By observing the relation between the variables in this study, we highlight the importance of prevention in this context, considering the application via internet promising

A global perspective on non-autochthonous canine and feline Leishmania infection and leishmaniosis in the 21st century

Leishmaniosis is a high-burden vector-borne disease caused by Leishmania parasites that affect humans and other animals, including dogs and cats. Globalization is one of the main factors that largely contributes to the spread of leishmaniosis to non-endemic areas. A comprehensive review of scientific literature published between 2000 and 2021 was conducted to identify the epidemiological situation and clinical management of imported animal Leishmania infection and leishmaniosis as a fundamental step to better manage individual cases and traveler animal health from a global and One Health perspective. A total of 31 articles were selected, representing 1403 canine, and 25 feline imported cases. Canine and feline leishmanioses in non-endemic areas remain a challenge for veterinarians. Thus, diagnostic and management algorithms for veterinary clinical decision support are proposed. Increased surveillance of non-autochthonous cases, including relocated companion animals, could improve individual health, and mitigate the public and animal health risk of introducing Leishmania species into new areas.publishersversionpublishe

Soil properties and environmental risk assessment of soils in the surrounding area of Hulene‑B waste dump, Maputo (Mozambique)

Soils in areas surrounding landflls are constantly being enriched by heavy metals contained in the leachates, which can subsequently migrate to groundwater. The present investigation aims to characterize soil properties of 71 soil samples collected in the surroundings of Hulene-B waste dump and to determine the landfll pollution index (Ip). Soils properties studied were texture, pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, color, and moisture. Results revealed that soils properties in the surroundings of Hulene-B waste dump were signifcantly altered when compared to local background. Ip index classifed these soils with very high pollution, indicating a possible migration of contaminants to subsoil and groundwater, suggesting the need for intervention to mitigate the impact.publishe

Geochemical and mineralogical characterization of Ria de Aveiro (Portugal) saltpan sediments for pelotherapy application

The present study aims to characterize sediments textural, geochemical and mineralogical composition used in a SPA for pelotherapy applications. Six samples were collected in two areas of an open-air saline SPA, a former saltpan in Ria de Aveiro (Portugal). Sampling areas are predominantly composed by recent alluvium that had been affected by chemical industrial effluents for over 50 years. Samples < 2000, 63, and 2 µm fractions were analyzed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), for identification of mineral phases and chemical composition. SEM analysis was used for individual particles morphological characterization and chemical semi-quantification. Texture, mineral phases and chemical composition showed the influence of SPA pond beneficiation works. The two SPA areas revealed distinct mineral phases, one with higher quartz content, and the other with higher halite content, consistent with their environmental conditions. Illite constituted the most abundant mineral phase of the clay fraction. Preliminary results suggested concentrations of potential toxic elements (e.g., As, Cd) above reference values, representing a risk to the ecosystem and humans.publishe

Characterization of the dynamics of leachate contamination plumes in the surroundings of the Hulene‐B waste dump in Maputo, Mozambique

The contamination of areas around solid urban waste dumps is a global challenge for the maintenance of environmental quality in large urban centres in developing countries. This study applied a geophysical method (electrical resistivity) to identify leachate contamination plumes in the subsoil and groundwater, as well as to describe their temporal dynamics (2020 and 2021) in the surroundings of the Hulene‐B waste dump, Maputo, Mozambique. Eight 400 m electrical resistivity profiles were performed, four profiles in January 2020 and four profiles in May 2021 overlapped, and the data were inverted with RES2D software. The electrical resistivity models predominantly indicate an E‐W movement of large contamination plumes that are successively diluted with saturated media and groundwater, creating zones of less resistive anomalies (< 4.2–< 8.5 Ω∙m) possibly contaminated at the two analysed seasons, between 2020–2021. The thickness of the contamination plumes was higher in summer (2020) for profiles 1 and 2, and we associate it with the production and migration mechanisms of leachate that are intense in the hot and rainy season. Southwest of the dump, profile 4b showed the propagation of anomalous areas on the surface and at depth, which are associated with the production of leachate resulting from the continuous decomposition of waste that is continuously deposited in a new area southwest of the dump, thus generating a slow and continuous migration of leachate at depth, mainly in winter (2021). The spatial distribution of contamination plumes during both seasons was reduced significantly farther away from the waste deposit, revealing the attenuating effect of groundwater and lithological substrate (Profile 3).publishe

Soil risk assessment in the surrounding area of Hulene-B waste dump, Maputo (Mozambique)

Soil contamination in areas close to unplanned dumpsites represents an increasing risk to the ecosystems and human health. This study aimed to evaluate soil quality in the area surrounding the Hulene-B waste dump, Maputo, Mozambique, and to estimate potential ecological and human health risks. A total of 71 surface soil samples were collected in the surrounding area of the dump, along with 10 samples in areas considered not impacted by the dump. Chemical and mineralogical analyses were performed using XRF and XRD. Quartz was the most abundant mineral phase, followed by feldspars, carbonates, clay minerals, and Fe oxides/hydroxides. Results showed a significant contribution to ecological degradation by PTE enrichment, ranked as Zn >> Cu > Cr > Zr > Pb > Ni > Mn. Carcinogenic risk for both children and adults was significant due to Pb soil content. Soil sample concentrations of Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Zr, posing a risk especially in children, suggested the need for continuous monitoring, as well as the definition and implementation of mitigation measures.publishe

Integration of electrical resistivity and modified DRASTIC model to assess groundwater vulnerability in the surrounding area of Hulene-B waste dump, Maputo, Mozambique

In this study, electrical resistivity was applied in six 400 m profiles around the Hulene-B waste dump (Mozambique). Afterwards, an inversion was performed by RES2Dinv. The use of the electrical resistivity method allowed us to characterize in detail some underlying aspects of the DRASTIC index by identifying anomalous zones considered to be permeable and prone to leachate migration. The modified DRASTIC index revealed high values in areas near contaminated surface groundwater and surface layers of the vadose zone, characterized by low resistivities. Areas with lower index results were characterized by high resistivity on surface layers and high depth at which groundwater was detected. The overall modified DRASTIC index result revealed medium vulnerability. However, high vulnerability index values were detected in areas with higher surface elevation, suggesting groundwater contamination by horizontal dilution of leachates from the surrounding area of the Hulene-B waste dump.publishe

Geophagic materials characterization and potential impact on human health: the case study of Maputo City (Mozambique)

This study aims to characterize and estimate risk assessment associated with geophagic materials consumption in Maputo city (Mozambique). Samples were collected in extraction mines, unprepared and prepared ones, and in Maputo markets. Fractions < 2 mm (total consumed material) and <63 µm were analyzed to determine pH, EC, OM, chemical composition (XRF), and mineral phases present (XRD). The results revealed pH from slightly acidic to slightly alkaline, and electrical conductivity ranging from 13 to 47 µS/cm in mine unprepared and prepared samples, while 264–465 µS/cm in sampled sold in markets. Organic matter content was <2.76%, except in one sample (8.14%), suggesting a potential risk of containing bacteria. Textural analysis revealed that sand-size particles were more representative in all samples (57.2–93.02%). Mineralogical phases identified in the consumed sample were ranked quartz (>60%) > Fe oxides/hidroxides > phyllosilicates (micas and kaolinite) > feldspars, suggesting a risk of dental enamel damage and perforation of the sigmoid colon. The chemical concentration of some elements was higher than recommended daily dose, suggesting a potential risk. However, geophagic materials’ chemical composition does not pose a carcinogenic risk.publishe

Bioaccessibility by perspiration uptake of minerals from two different sulfurous peloids

Testing the risks of peloid usage in thermal centers, spas, or at home is essential for establishing safety guidelines regarding peloid formulations and releasing concerning substances. Additionally, evaluating the beneficial effects of specific elements on human health helps understand the therapeutic action and effectiveness of pelotherapy for dermatological or musculoskeletal disorders. A methodology was developed to study the biogeochemical behavior of elements in formulated peloids. With periodic stirring, two peloids were created with the same clay and two different sulfurous mineral-medicinal glasses of water for 90 days. Bentonite clay, rich in smectite and primary exchangeable cations Ca and Mg, with high heat capacity, was used. The mineral-medicinal waters were collected from recognized Portuguese thermal centers for their efficacy in treating rheumatic, respiratory, and dermatological pathologies. The peloids were used directly from the maturation tank without drying, and a reference sample of bentonite mixed with demineralized water was prepared. An artificial perspiration test simulated the peloids’ interaction with the skin. Thirty-one elements extracted from the two prepared peloids were analyzed using ICP-MS. The data were analyzed and compared to the original clay's mineralogical composition and the maturation tanks' supernatant composition. The solubility of potentially toxic elements and the bioaccessibility of metals through perspiration were low, with undetectable amounts extracted from the samples. This analytical method provided reliable information on dermal exposure and identifying elements that may enter the bloodstream, requiring the implementation of surveillance and control measures.Acknowledgement. FCT funded this research—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia and Exatronic, Lda, Grant Number SFRH/BDE/11062/2015 and also supported by GeoBioTec Research Centre (UIDB/04035/2020), funded by FCT, FEDER funds through the Operational Program Competitiveness Factors COMPETE