Hand Coverage

Hand and finger soft tissue defects have always represented a surgical challenge at any accident and emergency department. Techniques may vary from just direct closure of the wound to free tissue transfer. Knowledge of the main locoregional hand flaps is paramount to solve most of the soft tissue defects at this level. Flaps vary depending on their blood supply and design. Their vascularity might be at random, they can be pedicled with anterograde or reversed flow or they can rely on simple or complex free tissue transfer whose blood flow depends on vascular anastomosis. This article reviews all the main soft tissue local or locoregional reconstructive techniques for hands and fingers

FENOLOGÍA DEL CARRICERÍN COMÚN ACROCEPHALUS SCHOENOBAENUS (LINNAEUS, 1758) Y LA BUSCARLA UNICOLOR LOCUSTELLA LUSCINIOIDES (SAVI, 1824) EN EL PARQUE NATURAL DE EL HONDO (ALICANTE, SE ESPAÑA)

The complete phenology of two transaharan migrant passerines present in El Hondo Natural Park (Alicante province, SE Spain), Sedge warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus and Savi’s warbler Locustella luscinioides is shown, from the results of a Constant Effort Sites ringing scheme developed in this wetland from 1992 to 2003. Savi’s Warblers (59% of both species’ total ringed birds) peaked in August, while for Sedge warblers (41% of total) the main peak occurred in April. The phenology of these birds is similar to other sites of Eastern Spain, although an earlier spring passage of Savi’s warbler is reported from other localities of South-eastern Spain. Breeding of this species, previously reported, has not been confirmed.Se muestra la fenologia completa de dos migrantes transaharianos en el Parque Natural de El Hondo (provincia de Alicante, SE Espana), el Carricerin Comun Acrocephalus schoenobaenus y la Buscarla Unicolor Locustella luscinioides, a partir de datos de Estaciones de Esfuerzo Constante realizadas en este humedal desde 1992 hasta 2003. Los anillamientos de Buscarla Unicolor (59% del total) alcanzaron su maximo en agosto mientras que para los carricerines comunes (41%) hubo un pico principal en abril. La fenologia de estas aves es similar a la de otras areas del este de Espana, aunque para la Buscarla Unicolor, se ha indicado un paso mas temprano en primavera en otras areas del sureste de Espana. La reproduccion de esta especie, anteriormente senalada, no se ha confirmad

Long‑term trends of local bird populations based on monitoring schemes: are they suitable for justifying management measures?

Local biodiversity monitoring is important to assess the effects of global change, but also to evaluate the performance of landscape and wildlife protection, since large-scale assessments may buffer local fluctuations, rare species tend to be underrepresented, and management actions are usually implemented on local scales. We estimated population trends of 58 bird species using open-population N-mixture models based on count data in two localities in southeastern Spain, which have been collected according to a citizen science monitoring program (SACRE, Monitoring Common Breeding Birds in Spain) over 21 and 15 years, respectively. We performed different abundance models for each species and study area, accounting for imperfect detection of individuals in replicated counts. After selecting the best models for each species and study area, empirical Bayes methods were used for estimating abundances, which allowed us to calculate population growth rates (λ) and finally population trends. We also compared the two local population trends and related them with national and European trends, and species functional traits (phenological status, dietary, and habitat specialization characteristics). Our results showed increasing trends for most species, but a weak correlation between populations of the same species from both study areas. In general, local population trends were consistent with the trends observed at national and continental scales, although contrasting patterns exist for several species, mainly with increasing local trends and decreasing Spanish and European trends. Moreover, we found no evidence of a relationship between population trends and species traits. We conclude that using open-population N-mixture models is an appropriate method to estimate population trends, and that citizen sciencebased monitoring schemes can be a source of data for such analyses. This modeling approach can help managers to assess the effectiveness of their actions at the local level in the context of global change

Abundancias y densidades relativas de zorro Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758) en un humedal del sudeste ibérico: implicaciones para la conservación de sus poblaciones

This paper reports on the Red Fox Vulpes vulpes population estimates inside “El Hondo“ Natural Park (Alicante, SE Iberian Peninsula). The estimates were scored as number of encounters in transects of variable length during 1993-2006. Red Fox counts were standardized as kilometric abundance indexes (Individuals/km) and relative densities Foxes/km2). Red Fox was observed in this wetland at very low densities (0,3-0,6 Foxes/km2) compared with other European sites and with an apparently slight tendency to increase in the last ten years. The relative abundances (IKA) ranged be- tween 0,6 -1,3 Foxes/km. The presence of refuse tips in the boundaries of Park is suggested as factor accounting for the establishment of the Red Fox at this Park. These observations suggest the implementation of specific studies and conservation measures, by means of a particular methodology, to allow reinforce the biodiversity of this wetland for the vertebrates.Este artículo sumariza las estimas poblacionales del zorro Vulpes vulpes en el interior del Parque Natural de “El Hondo” (Alicante, SE Península Ibérica). Las observaciones fueron realizadas por medio de avistamientos durante 1993-2006. El zorro está presente en la zona a muy bajas densidades (0,3-0,6 zorros/km2), comparado con otras áreas Europeas y con una aparente ligera tendencia al incremento en los últimos diez años. Las abundancias relativas (IKA) oscilaron entre 0,6-1,3 zorros/km. La presencia de vertederos y basureros en los límites del parque es sugerido como factor a tener en cuenta para el establecimiento del zorro en este Parque. Estas observaciones sugieren la implementación de futuros estudios específicos en este humedal, mediante metodología apropiada, y aplicar medidas de conservación que permitan reforzar la biodiversidad de este humedal para los vertebrados

Evaluating temporal turnover in avian species richness in a Mediterranean semiarid region: Different responses to elevation and forest cover

Aim: When studying the effects of global change on biodiversity, it is far more common for the effects of climate change and land-use changes to be assessed separately rather than jointly. However, the effects of land-use changes in recent decades on species richness in areas affected by climate change have been less studied. We assess the temporal turnover in species richness of an avian community between a historical period and a modern one as a consequence of global change. Location: Semiarid Mediterranean ecosystem (southeastern Spain). Method: We fitted a hierarchical multispecies occupancy model for each period (1991–1992, and 2012–2017), obtaining avian species-specific estimates of occupancy probability in relation to environmental covariates (elevation and forest cover). We analyse the relationships between changes in the bird community and environmental variables, analysing the temporal turnover of the species richness and the richnessbased species-exchange ratio. Results: The estimated species richness accounting for detectability was higher than observed species richness, and decreased in the more recent period. Following our hypotheses, we observed a dual pattern of species richness increase associated with different elevations, showing different species turnover rates due to the joint effects of climate change and land-use change. There is a trend towards greater species richness with higher elevations that is associated with climate change, where the species turnover rate is low. Also, species richness increased towards lower elevations, but with a high turnover rate. The latter can be due to species expansions throughout new habitat configurations in bordering forest systems associated with anthropic land-use changes. Conclusions: Our study is of great interest to understand the temporal turnover of avian species richness associated with areas experiencing both climate and land-use change

Evaluating temporal turnover in avian species richness in a Mediterranean semiarid region: different responses to elevation and forest cover

©2024. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by nc-nd /4.0/ This document is the Published, version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Diversity and Distributions. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13791Aim: When studying the effects of global change on biodiversity, it is far more common for the effects of climate change and land-use changes to be assessed separately rather than jointly. However, the effects of land-use changes in recent decades on species richness in areas affected by climate change have been less studied. We assess the temporal turnover in species richness of an avian community between a historical period and a modern one as a consequence of global change. Location: Semiarid Mediterranean ecosystem (southeastern Spain). Method: We fitted a hierarchical multispecies occupancy model for each period (1991–1992, and 2012–2017), obtaining avian species-specific estimates of occupancy probability in relation to environmental covariates (elevation and forest cover). We analyse the relationships between changes in the bird community and environmental variables, analysing the temporal turnover of the species richness and the richnessbased species-exchange ratio. Results: The estimated species richness accounting for detectability was higher than observed species richness, and decreased in the more recent period. Following our hypotheses, we observed a dual pattern of species richness increase associated with different elevations, showing different species turnover rates due to the joint effects of climate change and land-use change. There is a trend towards greater species richness with higher elevations that is associated with climate change, where the species turnover rate is low. Also, species richness increased towards lower elevations, but with a high turnover rate. The latter can be due to species expansions throughout new habitat configurations in bordering forest systems associated with anthropic land-use changes. Conclusions: Our study is of great interest to understand the temporal turnover of avian species richness associated with areas experiencing both climate and land-use chang

Denormalization of visibilities for in-orbit calibration of interferometric radiometers

This paper reviews the relative calibration of an interferometric radiometer taking into account the experimental results of the first batch of receivers developed in the frame of the European Space Agency's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission. Measurements show state-of-the-art baseline performance as long as the system is capable of correcting the effect of orbital temperature swing. A method to validate internal calibration during in-orbit deep-sky views and to correct linearity errors is also presented.Peer Reviewe

Denormalization of visibilities for in-orbit calibration of interferometric radiometers

This paper reviews the relative calibration of an interferometric radiometer taking into account the experimental results of the first batch of receivers developed in the frame of the European Space Agency's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission. Measurements show state-of-the-art baseline performance as long as the system is capable of correcting the effect of orbital temperature swing. A method to validate internal calibration during in-orbit deep-sky views and to correct linearity errors is also presented.Peer Reviewe

Eurasian otter Lutra lutra distribution and habitat use in a Mediterranean catchment managed for the control of invasive giant reed Arundo donax

We assessed the distribution and habitat use of Eurasian otter Lutra lutra on the middle course of the River Segura and its tributaries (Murcia, SE Spain) within the framework of the project LIFE13BIO/ES/001407 RIPISILVANATURA (2014–2019). Between April 2016 and June 2018, we surveyed for otter spraints 42 sampling stretches (mean length ± SD = 0.5 ± 0.2 km), covering a 109.8 km long section of the river. The study time frame coincided with the main restoration activities of the LIFE project, consisting in the eradication of widespread, invasive alien giant reed Arundo donax and plantation of autochthonous riparian vegetation. Otter habitat preferences were assessed by measuring ten environmental parameters potentially affecting its occurrence. The relationship between the presence/absence of the otter and habitat variables was evaluated by both linear multiple regression and non-parametric random forest regression model. Otters preferred river stretches crossing forested areas, avoided polluted waters and their occurrence was inversely related to the width of the emerged aquatic vegetation, mostly consisting of Arundo reed beds. Moreover, in managed stretches, otter marking intensity increased after the removal of alien reeds and was higher in RIPISILVANATURA restored transects (1.18 spraints/100 m) than in the downstream, unmanaged half of the watercourse (0.76 spraints/100 m). The combined effects of water pollution and giant reed spread may alter fish distribution and abundance, reducing prey availability to otters. The improvement of chemical and physical habitat quality of streams through alien reeds removal seems thus pivotal to enhance the recovery of otter's populations in the south-eastern Iberian Peninsula

EL TARRO BLANCO TADORNA TADORNA (L.) EN EL SURESTE ESPAÑOL

The Shelduck (Tadorna tadorna) is one of the most representative among the duck species in the wetlands of south-eastern Spain, and the only one of numerical significance in some of them. In our country, the species has changed its status from being considered an ocasional winter visitor to a regular winter presence, having also settled as a breeder in some localities. The south-eastern of Spain is one of the main winter quarters of Shelduck in our country, and the only area where it breeds besides the Ebro Delta. This paper summanzes a number of observations on Shelduck made in this area from 1976 to 1985, regarding the numerical evolution of the wintering and breeding populations, together with several data on its biology and ecology. The study area includes anumber of wetlands belonging to the provinces of Murcia (Salines of San Pedro del Pinatar, Marchamalo and Rasall) and Alicante (Salines of Santa Pola, La Mata Lagoon and El Hondo Reservoirs). Excepting for the latter, flooded with freshwatercomingfrom the Segurariver, al1 these areas are hypersaline lagoons transformed by man for salt production. The wetlands of south-eastern Spain set up the second or third winter quarter, in importante, in the Iberian Peninsula, after the Marismas of the Guadalquivir and the Ebro Delta. Data on wintering Shelduck are scarce until the winterof 1980-81, which may be partly due to a poor prospectingeffort. However, from this winter onwards the population has markedly increased, the presence of the wintering birds becoming more regular. The total winter figures show marked oscilations, both between and within years, but the general trend of the population is to increase. The main wintering localities are the Salines of San Pedro del Pinatar and La Mata Lagoon. The first evidence of Shelduck breeding in south-eastern Spain comes from the Salines of San Pedro del Pinatar, where a pair settled in 1976. From 1982 onwards, the species has also bred in La Mata Lagoon and, less regularly, in the Salines of Rasall (from 1982 to 1984), Santa Pola(at least two years) and El Hondo Reservoirs (only in 1985). The increase in the number of breeding pairs and the settlement of new breeding colonies usually occurs two years after a good breeding success, when the birds reared locally reach maturity. However, this increase may also be explained by immigration, mainly from the Camargue (France). Birds hatched in this locality have been reponed wintering in the spanish mediterranean coast, and the increase in the breedingpopulation of south-eastern Spain probably reflects the great success of the french breeding colony. The use of rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) urrows by Shelduck for nesting has been confirmed in La Mata Lagoon, and there is strong evidende ofthe choice of similar sites in other localities. The number of Shelducklings per brood is low compared with the average figures given for the species. The occurrence of multiple nesting is rare. Ducklingsurvival changes markedly between localities, from almost 100% in La MataLagoon to the loss of al1 the ducklings of a pair breeding in the Salines of Rasall in three breeding seasons. In the Salines of San Pedro del Pinatar, duckling survival seems related to hatching date, the pairs breeding later in the season losing almost al1 their ducklings as an effect of human pressure, while the earliest ones fledge almost al1 their young. In other localities, like the Salines of Santa Pola, the absence of a regular breeding population is discussed in terms of the availability and interspecific competence for nesting sites.El Tarro blanco (Tadorna tadorna) es una de las especies de anátidas más representativa de las zonas húmedas del sureste español, y la única numéricamente importante en algunas de ellas. En la península ibérica la especie ha pasado de ser considerada como invernante ocasional a regularizar su presencia invernal e instalarse con reducidos contingentes reproductores en algunas localidades. El sureste de España constituye uno de los principales puntos de invernada del Tamo blanco y, junto con el Delta del Ebro, la única zona donde se reproduce con asiduidad. El presente trabajo reúne un conjunto de observaciones sobre Tadorna tadorna recogidas en dichas zonas durante el período 1976-1986, relativas a la evolución numérica de las poblaciones invernante y reproductora de la especie, junto con diversos aspectos de su biología y ecología. El área estudiada comprende un conjunto de medios inundados situados en las provincias de Murcia (Salinas de San Pedro del Pinatar, Marchamalo y Rasall) y Alicante (Salinas de Santa Pola, Laguna de La Mata y Embalses de El Hondo). Con excepción de la última, de aguas dulces procedentes del río Segura, todas estas localidades poseen características hipersalinas y se hallan sometidas a un aprovechamiento salinero. Las zonas húmedas del Sureste español constituyen el segundo o tercer núcleo en importanciade invemada de Tadorna tadorna en la península ibérica, por detrás de las Marismas del Guadalquivir y a un nivel similar al Delta del Ebro. Los datos sobre Tarros blancos invernantes son escasos hasta la temporada 1980-81. Esto puede deberse, en parte, a un reducido esfuerzo prospectivo. No obstante, a partir de este invierno la población se incrementa notablemente; la presencia de los individuos invernantes se hace más regular. Hasta la actualidad, el número total de invernantes ha experimentado importantes oscilaciones, aumentando probablemente cuando los inviernos son más duros en el norte de Europa, pero la tendencia general es ascendente. Las dos principales localidades de invernada son las Salinas de San Pedro del Pinatar y la Laguna de La Mata. La primera noticia sobre reproducción del Tarro blanco en el sureste español corresponde a una pareja que crió en 1976 en las Salinas de San Pedro del Pinatar. A partir de 1982 la especie cría también en la Laguna de La Mata, y con menor asiduidad lo ha hecho también en las Salinas del Rasall (entre 1982 y 1984). Santa Pola (como mínimo dos años) y Embalses de El Hondo (sólo en 1985). El número total de parejas reproductoras ha aumentado de 1 a8 entre 1976 y 1985. Por lo general, el aumento del número de parejas nidificantes, y la colonización de nuevas localidades, tiene lugar dos años después de una temporada de importante éxito reproductor, coincidiendo con la madurez de los individuos criados localmente. No obstante, deben producirse fenómenos de inmigración a partir de otras localidades, fundamentalmente la Camarga francesa. Se han detectado jóvenes criados en dicha localidad invernando en diversos puntos del litoral ibérico, y probablemente el incremento del número de invernantes en el sureste, y la presencia de individuos reproductores, en un reflejo directo del éxito de la colonia nidificante del sur de Francia. Se ha comprobado la nidificación de Tadorna tadorna en madrigueras de conejo (Oryctolagus cuniculus) en zonas arenosas de la Laguna de La Mata, y existen indicios de la utilización de emplazamientos similares en otras localidades. El número de pollos nacidos por pareja es bajo en relación a las cifras habituales para la especie, siendo rara la realización de puestas conjuntas. La supervivencia de los pollos varía notablemente entre localidades, desde prácticamente el 100% de la Laguna de La Mata, hasta la desaparición de todos los pollos en las Salinas del Rasall en las tres temporadas de cría. La fecha de eclosión parece influir en la supervivencia en las Salinas de San Pedro del Pinatar, donde las nidadas más tardías suelen perderse íntegras por efecto de la presión humana, frente al éxito casi total de las más tempranas. En otras localidades, como las Salinas de Santa Pola, la ausencia de una población reproductora estable se discute en función de la disponibilidad de emplazamientos para el nido y la competencia por éstos con otras especies