The blind side of international investment law and policy: The need for investor-state conflict management mechanisms fostering investment retention and expansion

Most countries strive to attract FDI, yet around one fourth of all FDI projects established in developing countries are discontinued due to unresolved investor-state conflicts that never reach the limelight of investor-state litigation. This Perspective introduces investor-state conflict-management mechanisms (CMMs) to facilitate investment permanence and expansion in host countries

国际投资法律与政策的盲区：促进投资保留与扩大的投资者-国家冲突管理机制

Most countries strive to attract FDI, yet around one fourth of all FDI projects established in developing countries are discontinued due to unresolved investor-state conflicts that never reach the limelight of investor-state litigation. This Perspective introduces investor-state conflict-management mechanisms (CMMs) to facilitate investment permanence and expansion in host countries

Emerging Latin American Multinational Firms: Outward Foreign Direct Investment in the Pacific Alliance Countries

The landscape is changing for foreign direct investment in Latin America. Investments flow not only from north to south, but also from south to south and south to north. What's more, relatively small firms in developing countries are becoming as likely as multinationals to invest abroad. The brief outlines the impact of such changes for investors and countries alike

Caracterización del desarrollo y absorción de nutrimentos del híbrido de maíz HC-57

En la Estación Experimental Agrícola Fabio Baudrit Moreno, Alajuela, Costa Rica se realizó un ensayo con el objetivo de determinar la absorción de nutrimentos por parte del híbrido comercial de maíz HC-57. Se sembraron un total de 120 plantas, a las que se les dio buen manejo hídrico y nutricional. Se realizaron muestreos aproximadamente cada 15 días y se colectaron un total de 9 plantas por época de muestreo. A dichas plantas se les estimó la altura, se les cuantificó el número de hojas y fueron divididas en secciones (raíz, follaje y mazorca). Se secaron en estufa a 80°C y se estimó el peso seco. Posteriormente se determinó la concentración de nutrimentos en el Laboratorio de Suelos y Foliares del Centro de Investigaciones Agronómicas, Universidad de Costa Rica y se obtuvieron las curvas de absorción de nutrimentos para macro y microelementos. Para un rendimiento de 50 000 mazorcas.ha-1, con un peso seco de 141,5 g por mazorca, se presentó una absorción máxima total por hectárea de 111 kg de N, 43 kg de P2O5, 168 kg de K2O, 26 kg de CaO, 28 kg de MgO, 10 kg de S, 3200 g de Fe, 100 g de Cu, 400 g de Zn, 300 g de Mn y 100 g de B. Además, se realizó una caracterización del ciclo de desarrollo del híbrido, relacionada con las condiciones climáticas que permitió asociar la información de absorción con los grados día temperatura, estimados por el método residual modificado descrito por Yzarra et al. (2009), con el propósito de generar una predicción del comportamiento del ciclo y la absorción de nutrimentos de este híbrido en otras localidades. El híbrido HC-57 requirió un aproximado de 1500 grados día temperatura para completar su ciclo de desarrollo y 1254 grados día temperatura para alcanzar la etapa fenológica R3, en la cual se realiza la cosecha para elote

How Do Host States Respond to Investment Treaty Law?: Some Empirical Observations

The proliferation of international investment treaty practice and the subsequent boom of investor-state arbitration have prompted an explosion of scholarly contributions analysing various aspects of this steadily expanding field of international law. Existing scholarship offers a rich seam of doctrinal, normative and theoretical critique of the evolving international investment law regime. However, with the exception of some recent studies, there have been relatively limited efforts to analyse international investment law empirically and in particular from a developing country perspective. This paper aims to contribute by filling the gap and offering some insights into the currently underexplored issue of how international investment law influences host state behaviour. In particular, the aim of this study is to test existing claims about the transformative impact of international investment law on national governance in developing states. The analysis is carried out through a small-scale empirical case-study which focuses on how international investment law is perceived by government officials in developing countries whilst also elucidating how governments responded to investment treaty disciplines after experiencing the regime’s bite

How Do Host States Respond to Investment Treaty Law? Some Empirical Observations

The proliferation of international investment treaty practice and the subsequent boom of investor-state arbitration have prompted an explosion of scholarly contributions analysing various aspects of this steadily expanding field of international law. Existing scholarship offers a rich seam of doctrinal, normative and theoretical critique of the evolving international investment law regime. However, with the exception of some recent studies, there have been relatively limited efforts to analyse international investment law empirically and, in particular, from a developing country perspective. This paper aims to contribute by filling the gap and offering some insights into the currently underexplored issue of how international investment law influences host-state behaviour. In particular, the aim of this study is to test existing claims about the transformative impact of international investment law on national governance in developing states. The analysis is carried out through a small-scale empirical case study, which focuses on how international investment law is perceived by government officials in developing countries whilst also elucidating how governments responded to investment treaty disciplines after experiencing the regime’s bite