Características ruminais e eficiência de síntese microbiana em novilhos alimentados com cama de frango e suplemento à base de microbiota ruminal liofilizada

O experimento foi realizado para avaliar o efeito de dois níveis de cama de frango (15,0 e 30,0%), associada ou não a um suplemento à base de microbiota ruminal liofilizada de bovinos adultos (0 e 10 g/anim.dia), na alimentação de novilhos Holandês/Zebu. Quatro novilhos fistulados no rúmen e abomaso foram distribuídos em quadrado latino 4 x 4 em arranjo fatorial 2 x 2 (nível de cama de frango x com ou sem micobiota ruminal), alimentados à vontade e individualmente. Composição microbiana, eficiência de síntese microbiana, pH e concentração de nitrogênio amoniacal no rúmen foram avaliados. O nível de 30,0% de cama de frango nas dietas de novilhos não influenciou a composição dos microrganismos ruminais, a eficiência de síntese microbiana e o pH ruminal. Maiores concentrações médias de N-NH3 ruminal foram observadas em animais submetidos a dietas com 30% de cama de frango. A ingestão diária de 10 g do suplemento à base de microbiota ruminal por animal não influiu na composição dos microrganismos ruminais, na eficiência de síntese, no pH ruminal e na concentração de amônia no rúmen.The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of different levels of broiler litter (15 and 30%), associated or not to a supplement based on bovine lyophilized ruminal microbiota (0 and 10 g/anim.day), in Holstein/Zebu steers feeding. Four steers fistulated in the rumen and abomasum were allotted to a 4 x 4 latin square in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement (level of broiler litter x with or without ruminal microbiota), full fed individually. The ruminal microorganisms composition, efficiency of microbial synthesis, ruminal pH and N-NH3 ruminal concentration were evaluated. The level of 30.0% of broiler litter in the steers diets did not affect the composition of ruminal microorganisms, the efficiency of microbial synthesis and ruminal pH. Higher concentration means of ruminal N-NH 3 were observed in animals fed diets with 30.0% of broiler litter. The daily intake of 10 g of the supplement based on ruminal microbiota by the animals did not affect the composition of ruminal microorganisms, efficiency of microbial synthesis, ruminal pH and N-NH3

Características ruminais e eficiência de síntese microbiana em novilhos alimentados com cama de frango e suplemento à base de microbiota ruminal

O experimento foi realizado para avaliar o efeito de dois níveis de cama de frango (15,0 e 30,0%), associada ou não a um suplemento à base de microbiota ruminal liofilizada de bovinos adultos (0 e 10 g/anim.dia), na alimentação de novilhos Holandês/Zebu. Quatro novilhos fistulados no rúmen e abomaso foram distribuídos em quadrado latino 4 x 4 em arranjo fatorial 2 x 2 (nível de cama de frango x com ou sem micobiota ruminal), alimentados à vontade e individualmente. Composição microbiana, eficiência de síntese microbiana, pH e concentração de nitrogênio amoniacal no rúmen foram avaliados. O nível de 30,0% de cama de frango nas dietas de novilhos não influenciou a composição dos microrganismos ruminais, a eficiência de síntese microbiana e o pH ruminal. Maiores concentrações médias de N-NH3 ruminal foram observadas em animais submetidos a dietas com 30% de cama de frango. A ingestão diária de 10 g do suplemento à base de microbiota ruminal por animal não influiu na composição dos microrganismos ruminais, na eficiência de síntese, no pH ruminal e na concentração de amônia no rúmen.The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of different levels of broiler litter (15 and 30%), associated or not to a supplement based on bovine lyophilized ruminal microbiota (0 and 10 g/anim.day), in Holstein/Zebu steers feeding. Four steers fistulated in the rumen and abomasum were allotted to a 4 x 4 latin square in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement (level of broiler litter x with or without ruminal microbiota), full fed individually. The ruminal microorganisms composition, efficiency of microbial synthesis, ruminal pH and N-NH3 ruminal concentration were evaluated. The level of 30.0% of broiler litter in the steers diets did not affect the composition of ruminal microorganisms, the efficiency of microbial synthesis and ruminal pH. Higher concentration means of ruminal N-NH 3 were observed in animals fed diets with 30.0% of broiler litter. The daily intake of 10 g of the supplement based on ruminal microbiota by the animals did not affect the composition of ruminal microorganisms, efficiency of microbial synthesis, ruminal pH and N-NH3

Estimates of plot size for the evaluation of phenotipics descriptors in banana

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar o tamanho adequado de parcelas experimentais, para avaliação de descritores fenotípicos em bananeira, a partir de um ensaio de uniformidade com a cultivar Tropical, noespaçamento de 3x2 m, em área útil com nove fi leiras de 40 plantas. Foram avaliados: altura da planta; perímetro do pseudocaule; número de fi lhos emitidos e número de folhas vivas, no fl orescimento e na colheita; peso do cacho e das pencas; número de pencas e de frutos; peso da segunda penca; e peso, comprimento e diâmetro dofruto, em dois ciclos de produção. As plantas, consideradas unidades básicas, foram combinadas para formar diferentes tamanhos de parcelas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância em modelo hierárquico. O tamanho da parcela foi estimado pelos métodos da máxima curvatura, máxima curvatura modifi cado e comparação de variâncias. Determinaram-se o índice de heterogeneidade do solo e a diferença detectável entre médias de tratamentos. A variabilidade aumentou entre os ciclos, com refl exos nos tamanhos de parcela, quevariaram com o método utilizado, a variável avaliada e o ciclo de produção. O método da máxima curvatura modifi cado apresenta estimativas mais ajustadas. Parcelas com seis unidades básicas (36 m²) são apropriadas para avaliar, com precisão, os descritores fenotípicos em bananeira.The aim of this work was to estimate the adequate size of experimental plots, for the evaluation of phenotypic descriptors in banana, from a trial of uniformity with the cultivar Tropical, in the spacing of 3x2 m, in a useful area with nine rows of 40 plants. The following variables were evaluated: plant height; pseudostem perimeter; number of emitted suckers and number live leaves, during flowering and at harvest; weight of the bunch and the hands; number of hands and fruits; weight of the second hand; weight, length and diameter of the fruit, in two cycles of production. The plants, considered the basic units, were combined to form various sizes of plots. The data were submitted to the analysis of variance in the hierarchical model. Plot size was estimated by the methods of maximum curvature, modified maximum curvature and comparison of variances. Heterogeneity index of the soil and the detectable difference among treatments mean were determined. The variability increased between cycles with reflexes in the estimates of the plot sizes, which varied with the method used, the variable evaluated and the production cycle. The modified maximum curvature method presents more adjusted estimates. Plots with six basic units (36 m²) are appropriate to evaluate with precision the phenotypic descriptors in the bananas

Inflammation, Diabetes, and Chronic Kidney Disease: Role of Aerobic Capacity

The persistent inflammatory state is common in diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). These patients present exercise intolerance and increased arterial stiffness. Long-term aerobic exercise has been associated with better arterial compliance, antidiabetic and antiinflammatory benefits. We assessed the hypothesis that in patients with diabetes and CKD, better aerobic capacity is associated with less inflammatory state and arterial stiffness. Thirty-nine CKD patients (17 in hemodialysis) were evaluated. According to CKD etiology two patient groups were obtained: group of diabetics (GD) was formed by 11 patients and nondiabetics (GND) formed by 28 patients. Central blood pressure and arterial stiffness were evaluated by Sphygmocor device. Carotida intima-media thickness (CA-IMT) was evaluated by ultrasonography. Aerobic capacity was measured by estimated VO2max according to treadmill test by Bruce protocol. The GD showed a higher frequency of C-reactive protein above laboratory cutoff (P = 0.044), higher frequency of male gender, and a non significant higher value of VO2max (P = 0.099). The CA-IMT was similar. Only better aerobic capacity was associated with lower frequency of high C-reactive protein when adjusted to diabetes and gender in a logistic regression model. In conclusion, aerobic capacity was associated with inflammatory state, in CKD patients, independently of diabetes presence

Inflammation, Diabetes, and Chronic Kidney Disease: Role of Aerobic Capacity

The persistent inflammatory state is common in diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). These patients present exercise intolerance and increased arterial stiffness. Long-term aerobic exercise has been associated with better arterial compliance, antidiabetic and antiinflammatory benefits. We assessed the hypothesis that in patients with diabetes and CKD, better aerobic capacity is associated with less inflammatory state and arterial stiffness. Thirty-nine CKD patients (17 in hemodialysis) were evaluated. According to CKD etiology two patient groups were obtained: group of diabetics (GD) was formed by 11 patients and nondiabetics (GND) formed by 28 patients. Central blood pressure and arterial stiffness were evaluated by Sphygmocor device. Carotida intima-media thickness (CA-IMT) was evaluated by ultrasonography. Aerobic capacity was measured by estimated VO2max according to treadmill test by Bruce protocol. The GD showed a higher frequency of C-reactive protein above laboratory cutoff (P = 0.044), higher frequency of male gender, and a non significant higher value of VO2max (P = 0.099). The CA-IMT was similar. Only better aerobic capacity was associated with lower frequency of high C-reactive protein when adjusted to diabetes and gender in a logistic regression model. In conclusion, aerobic capacity was associated with inflammatory state, in CKD patients, independently of diabetes presence

Growth or somatotrophic hormone: new perspectives in isolated GH deficiency after description of the mutation in the GHRH receptor gene in individuals of Itabaianinha county, Brazil

Além de influenciar o crescimento corpóreo, o hormônio do crescimento, ou somatotrófico, desempenha importante papel no metabolismo, composição corporal, perfil lipídico, estado cardiovascular e longevidade. Seu controle é multi-regulado por hormônios, metabólitos e peptídeos hipotalâmicos. Dados sobre a Deficiência Isolada de GH (DIGH) obtidos a partir da descrição da mutação IVS1+1G→A no gene do receptor do hormônio liberador do GH (GHRH-R) em indivíduos da cidade de Itabaianinha, SE, são revisados. São abordadas novas perspectivas sobre o modelo de resistência ao GHRH, a importância do GHRH no controle da secreção de GH, a freqüência das mutações do gene do GHRH-R, a relevância diagnóstica do IGF-I e os achados metabólicos, cardiovasculares e de qualidade de vida nestes indivíduos._________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: In addition to stimulating body growth, growth or somatotrophic hormone plays an important role in metabolism, body composition, lipid profile, cardiovascular status and longevity. Its control is multiregulated by hormones, metabolites and hypothalamic peptides. Obtained data of the isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) after the description of the IVS1+1G→A GHRH receptor gene mutation in individuals of Itabaianinha County are reviewed. New perspectives about the growth hormone resistance model, the importance of GHRH in the control of GH secretion, the frequency of GHRH-R gene mutations, the diagnostic relevance of IGF-I and the metabolic, cardiovascular and quality of life findings are approached