ANÁLISE DE PERIGOS E RISCOS MICROBIOLÓGICOS RELACIONADOS A DOENÇAS DE ORIGEM ALIMENTAR EM UMA CRECHE DO MUNICÍPIO DE XANXERÊ, SC

O aumento da oferta de empregos e a necessidade do ingresso de todos os membros da família no mercado de trabalho originou a necessidade de instituições como as creches para oferecer os cuidados necessários às crianças pequenas. Um dos principais fatores para o desenvolvimento das crianças é a alimentação saudável. Portanto, o objetivo com este trabalho foi analisar os riscos e perigos microbiológicos existentes na área de preparação de alimentos de uma creche. A metodologia aplicada foi baseada na legislação da Anvisa RDC 275/2002 e no Programa Alimento Seguro, avaliando-se as condições que estavam, ou não, de acordo com as normas estabelecidas para cozinhas. Mediante os resultados das observações e questionário aplicado, verificou-se que a instituição ficou classificada em um nível satisfatório, segundo a legislação. Porém, ainda há falta de fiscalização efetiva por parte dos órgãos competentes nos estabelecimentos que fornecem alimentos preparados, como as creches. O principal problema encontrado relacionado aos riscos e perigos microbiológicos na cozinha da instituição foram falhas de procedimento higiênico decorrente da insuficiência de treinamentos e supervisão continuada da equipe. Ainda há uma grande necessidade de conscientização dos funcionários, para que entendam à importância das boas práticas de fabricação e dos procedimentos operacionais padronizados, pois é a partir desses conhecimentos que se pode garantir uma melhor qualidade na alimentação oferecida e o desenvolvimento saudável das crianças.Palavras-chave: Crianças. Creche. Alimento. Perigos. Riscos

Anemia in chronic heart failure patients: comparison between invasive and non-invasive prognostic markers

Background: The prognosis of chronic heart failure (CHF) remains poor despite advances in medical management. Several different variables determine prognosis. Recently anemia has emerged as an independent prognostic variable in the evaluation of CHF. It is therefore important to analyze the role of anemia in patients with mild to severe CHF already well characterized by hemodynamic, echo- Doppler, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Objective: We performed this study to evaluate, in a large general cohort of CHF patients, the frequency of anemia and its correlation with their clinical profile. We assessed the prognostic value of anemia in relation to other known prognostic variables. Methods: Two-dimensional echocardiography, right heart catheterization, cardiopulmonary tests and laboratory examinations were performed in a population of 980 consecutive patients with CHF (53±9.4 years, 85% male, LVEF 25±8%; 45% with NYHA class III-IV). A hemoglobin (Hb) concentration less than 12 g/dl was used to define anemic patients. The primary end point was cardiac death or urgent heart transplantation. Results: Nineteen percent of patients were anemic. These patients had a lower body mass index (24±3 vs. 25±4 Kg/m2 p <0.0004), a worse functional class (64% were in NYHA class III-IV vs 41% in the non-anemic group, p <0.0001), poorer exercise capacity (12.4 vs. 14.8 ml/kg/min peak VO2, p <0.0001) and increased right (7±5 vs. 5±4 mmHg, p <.0004) and left (21±9 vs. 19±10 p <0.007) ventricular filling pressures. During a 3-year follow-up cardiac deaths occurred in 236 (24%) and 52 (5%) of patients received an urgent heart transplant. On univariate regression analysis anemia was significantly correlated with these “hard” cardiac events (39% of anemic patients vs 27% of non-anemic patients). By multivariate logistic regression analysis different prognostic models were identified using non-invasive, with or without peak VO2, or invasive parameters. The prognostic model including anemia (AUCROC: 0.720) showed similar accuracy in predicting cardiac events to other prognostic models with peak VO2 (AUCROC: 0.719) or invasive variables (AUCROC: 0.719). Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that anemia in CHF patients is associated with prognosis, worse NYHA functional class, exercise capacity and hemodynamic profiles. The relationship between anemia and mortality is independent of other simple non-invasive prognostic factors. Prognostic models with more complex or invasive independent predictors did not increase the accuracy to predict cardiac mortality or the need for urgent transplantation

Kupffer Cells Hasten Resolution of Liver Immunopathology in Mouse Models of Viral Hepatitis

Kupffer cells (KCs) are widely considered important contributors to liver injury during viral hepatitis due to their pro-inflammatory activity. Herein we utilized hepatitis B virus (HBV)-replication competent transgenic mice and wild-type mice infected with a hepatotropic adenovirus to demonstrate that KCs do not directly induce hepatocellular injury nor do they affect the pathogenic potential of virus-specific CD8 T cells. Instead, KCs limit the severity of liver immunopathology. Mechanistically, our results are most compatible with the hypothesis that KCs contain liver immunopathology by removing apoptotic hepatocytes in a manner largely dependent on scavenger receptors. Apoptotic hepatocytes not readily removed by KCs become secondarily necrotic and release high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1) protein, promoting organ infiltration by inflammatory cells, particularly neutrophils. Overall, these results indicate that KCs resolve rather than worsen liver immunopathology

Infected pancreatic necrosis: outcomes and clinical predictors of mortality. A post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study

: The identification of high-risk patients in the early stages of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is critical, because it could help the clinicians to adopt more effective management strategies. We conducted a post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study to assess the association between clinical risk factors and mortality among adult patients with IPN. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify prognostic factors of mortality. We identified 247 consecutive patients with IPN hospitalised between January 2019 and December 2020. History of uncontrolled arterial hypertension (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.135-15.882; aOR 4.245), qSOFA (p = 0.005; 95% CI 1.359-5.879; aOR 2.828), renal failure (p = 0.022; 95% CI 1.138-5.442; aOR 2.489), and haemodynamic failure (p = 0.018; 95% CI 1.184-5.978; aOR 2.661), were identified as independent predictors of mortality in IPN patients. Cholangitis (p = 0.003; 95% CI 1.598-9.930; aOR 3.983), abdominal compartment syndrome (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.090-6.967; aOR 2.735), and gastrointestinal/intra-abdominal bleeding (p = 0.009; 95% CI 1.286-5.712; aOR 2.710) were independently associated with the risk of mortality. Upfront open surgical necrosectomy was strongly associated with the risk of mortality (p &lt; 0.001; 95% CI 1.912-7.442; aOR 3.772), whereas endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrosis (p = 0.018; 95% CI 0.138-0.834; aOR 0.339) and enteral nutrition (p = 0.003; 95% CI 0.143-0.716; aOR 0.320) were found as protective factors. Organ failure, acute cholangitis, and upfront open surgical necrosectomy were the most significant predictors of mortality. Our study confirmed that, even in a subgroup of particularly ill patients such as those with IPN, upfront open surgery should be avoided as much as possible. Study protocol registered in ClinicalTrials.Gov (I.D. Number NCT04747990)

ANÁLISE DE PERIGOS E RISCOS MICROBIOLÓGICOS RELACIONADOS A DOENÇAS DE ORIGEM ALIMENTAR EM UMA CRECHE DO MUNICÍPIO DE XANXERÊ, SC

O aumento da oferta de empregos e a necessidade do ingresso de todos os membros da família no mercado de trabalho originou a necessidade de instituições como as creches para oferecer os cuidados necessários às crianças pequenas. Um dos principais fatores para o desenvolvimento das crianças é a alimentação saudável. Portanto, o objetivo com este trabalho foi analisar os riscos e perigos microbiológicos existentes na área de preparação de alimentos de uma creche. A metodologia aplicada foi baseada na legislação da Anvisa RDC 275/2002 e no Programa Alimento Seguro, avaliando-se as condições que estavam, ou não, de acordo com as normas estabelecidas para cozinhas. Mediante os resultados das observações e questionário aplicado, verificou-se que a instituição ficou classificada em um nível satisfatório, segundo a legislação. Porém, ainda há falta de fiscalização efetiva por parte dos órgãos competentes nos estabelecimentos que fornecem alimentos preparados, como as creches. O principal problema encontrado relacionado aos riscos e perigos microbiológicos na cozinha da instituição foram falhas de procedimento higiênico decorrente da insuficiência de treinamentos e supervisão continuada da equipe. Ainda há uma grande necessidade de conscientização dos funcionários, para que entendam à importância das boas práticas de fabricação e dos procedimentos operacionais padronizados, pois é a partir desses conhecimentos que se pode garantir uma melhor qualidade na alimentação oferecida e o desenvolvimento saudável das crianças.Palavras-chave: Crianças. Creche. Alimento. Perigos. Riscos

IFN α gene/cell therapy curbs colorectal cancer colonization of the liver by acting on the hepatic microenvironment

Colorectal cancer (CRC) metastatic dissemination to the liver is one of the most life‐threatening malignancies in humans and represents the leading cause of CRC‐related mortality. Herein, we adopted a gene transfer strategy into mouse hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells to generate immune‐competent mice in which TEMs—a subset of Tie2(+) monocytes/macrophages found at peritumoral sites—express interferon‐alpha (IFNα), a pleiotropic cytokine with anti‐tumor effects. Utilizing this strategy in mouse models of CRC liver metastasis, we show that TEMs accumulate in the proximity of hepatic metastatic areas and that TEM‐mediated delivery of IFNα inhibits tumor growth when administered prior to metastasis challenge as well as on established hepatic lesions, improving overall survival. Further analyses unveiled that local delivery of IFNα does not inhibit homing but limits the early phases of hepatic CRC cell expansion by acting on the radio‐resistant hepatic microenvironment. TEM‐mediated IFNα expression was not associated with systemic side effects, hematopoietic toxicity, or inability to respond to a virus challenge. Along with the notion that TEMs were detected in the proximity of CRC metastases in human livers, these results raise the possibility to employ similar gene/cell therapies as tumor site‐specific drug‐delivery strategies in patients with CRC

Surgeons’ practice and preferences for the anal fissure treatment: results from an international survey

The best nonoperative or operative anal fissure (AF) treatment is not yet established, and several options have been proposed. Aim is to report the surgeons’ practice for the AF treatment. Thirty-four multiple-choice questions were developed. Seven questions were about to participants’ demographics and, 27 questions about their clinical practice. Based on the specialty (general surgeon and colorectal surgeon), obtained data were divided and compared between two groups. Five-hundred surgeons were included (321 general and 179 colorectal surgeons). For both groups, duration of symptoms for at least 6 weeks is the most important factor for AF diagnosis (30.6%). Type of AF (acute vs chronic) is the most important factor which guide the therapeutic plan (44.4%). The first treatment of choice for acute AF is ointment application for both groups (59.6%). For the treatment of chronic AF, this data is confirmed by colorectal surgeons (57%), but not by the general surgeons who prefer the lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS) (31.8%) (p = 0.0001). Botulin toxin injection is most performed by colorectal surgeons (58.7%) in comparison to general surgeons (20.9%) (p = 0.0001). Anal flap is mostly performed by colorectal surgeons (37.4%) in comparison to general surgeons (28.3%) (p = 0.0001). Fissurectomy alone is statistically significantly most performed by general surgeons in comparison to colorectal surgeons (57.9% and 43.6%, respectively) (p = 0.0020). This analysis provides useful information about the clinical practice for the management of a debated topic such as AF treatment. Shared guidelines and consensus especially focused on operative management are required to standardize the treatment and to improve postoperative results