Influence of menarche on perception of body - dimension and - image of active and insufficiently active girls

Objective: verify the influence of menarche in the perception of the dimension and the body image of active and inactive girls. Methods: Thirty-eight girls were distributed into two groups active and insufficiently active subjects and analyzed before and after menarche. Anthropometric parameters and perceptions of body size and body image were used as evaluation parameters. Results: After menarche, all the girls in both groups presented alteration (p <0.05) only in the anthropometric parameters and in the body perception index of the hip after the menarche. No significant changes were identified (p> 0.05) between groups. Conclusion: menarche induced anthropometric alterations and different perceptions of hip size, but without modifying the silhouettes choices and body satisfaction independently of the level of physical activity

Repercussions of training and detraining by water-based exercise on functional fitness and quality of life: a short-term follow-up in healthy older women

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of short-term exercise detraining on the functional fitness of older women after a 12-week water-based exercise (WE) program. METHODS: Healthy older women (trained (TR) group) were submitted to 12 weeks WE (three 45 min sessions per week) followed by a 6-week detraining period. A group of aged-matched women without any exercise training (UN group) were evaluated during the same period. The aerobic power, measured by VO2max and 800 meters performance, and the neuromuscular fitness and quality of life were evaluated. All assessments were made at baseline, after 12 weeks of training and after 4 and 6 weeks of detraining. RESULTS: No changes were found for the UN group during the follow-up study, but WE induced significant improvement in aerobic capacity, neuromuscular fitness and quality of life score. However, the upper and lower body strength, agility, flexibility, and body balance returned to UN levels (p>0.05) after 6 weeks of detraining. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirmed that 12 weeks of WE improves the functional fitness parameters and quality of life of older women. However, after a short detraining period of 4-6 weeks, the neuromuscular parameters and the quality of life score returns to baseline or untrained subject levels.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM)Nove de Julho UniversityArbos CollegeFederal University of Espírito SantoUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Perfil antropométrico e capacidades físicas em tenistas adolescentes com diferentes volumes de treinamento / Anthropometric profile and physical abilities in adolescent tennis players with different training volumes

O tênis se caracteriza como modalidade intermitente e acíclica pelas características de imprevisibilidade técnico-tática. Nesse contexto, o nível de aptidão física é um importante componente relacionado aos sucessos e insucessos da partida. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar os parâmetros de aptidão física de jogadores tenistas adolescentes com diferentes volumes de treinamento técnico-tático. Para tanto, os adolescentes foram distribuídos em dois grupos com diferentes volumes de treinamento: G120 (120 minutos semanais) e G180 (180 minutos semanais). Após avaliação da composição corporal e da aptidão física observamos diferenças significantes entre G120 e G180: somatório das dobras (27,2±13,7 vs 13,0±8,6 mm), percentual de gordura (21,2±9,3 vs 10,2±8,2 %), massa gorda (10,3±6,0 vs. 5,9±5,7 kg) e massa livre de gordura (36,3±6,5 vs. 45,7±11,7 kg) respectivamente. Nos testes de aptidão física entre os grupos G120 e G180: corrida de 10 (2,6±0,3 vs. 2,4±0,2m) e 20 (4,5±0,5 vs. 4,0±0,4m) metros, respectivamente. Os achados mostram melhor nível aptidão em adolescentes que praticam tênis com maior volume de treinamento quando comparados aos praticantes com menor volume indicando influencia deste parâmetro no rendimento esportivo.  

Does whole-body electrical muscle stimulation combined with strength training promote morphofunctional alterations?

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 8 weeks of strength training (ST) combined with whole-body electrical stimulation (EMS) on morphofunctional adaptations in active individuals. METHODS: Fifty-eight volunteers were randomly distributed into the following groups: an untrained control (UN) group (n=16), an ST group (n=21) or an ST combined with EMS (ST+EMS) group (n=21). Both intervention groups (the ST and ST+EMS groups) performed 3 exercises (biceps curl, back squats and high-pulley tricep extensions) twice a week for 8 weeks. The subjects performed 3 sets of 8 to 12 maximum repetitions (MRs) with a 90-second rest duration between sets. The ST+EMS group performed the resistance training exercises wearing a whole-body suit that provided electrical stimulation at frequencies between 80-85 Hz, with a continuously bipolar impulse duration and pulse breadth of 350 ms. The intensity for each muscle group was controlled by Borg’s category ratio (CR)-10 scale; the intensity started at 5-6 and eventually reached 7-8. One-repetition maximum strength (1RM) and muscle thickness (MT) were measured before and after the training intervention. MT was evaluated in the biceps brachii (BB), triceps brachii (TB), and vastus lateralis (VL). RESULTS: No differences (p40.05) were found between the ST and ST+EMS groups. Improvements (po0.05) in the absolute values of the morphofunctional parameters after the training protocol were observed. Significant differences were found between both the intervention groups and the UN group (po0.05). The ST+EMS group presented high percentage changes (po0.05) in muscular strength for the 1RMsquat (43.2%, ES=1.64) and the MT of the BB (21.6%, ES=1.21) compared to the ST (20.5%, ES=1.43, 11.9%, ES=0.77) group. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the combination of ST+EMS may promote alterations in muscle strength and MT in healthy active subjects

Percepção de pais sobre desenvolvimento de crianças de 3 a 6 anos praticantes de natação / Perception of parents about children's development from 3 to 6 years old swimmers

Embora haja consenso sobre a representação social acerca das modalidades aquáticas para crianças, pouco se sabe sobre a percepção dos pais nos impactos da participação em atividades associadas a esta modalidade para o comportamento de seus filhos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a percepção de pais/responsáveis sobre desenvolvimento de crianças de 3 a 6 anos praticantes de natação. Pais e responsáveis de 16 crianças de ambos os sexos com idade de média de 4 ± 1 ano praticantes de natação a no mínimo 1 ano de prática participaram voluntariamente do estudo. Foi um utilizado um questionário composto por 14 questões elaboradas de forma direta referentes ao desenvolvimento cognitivo, afetividade, desenvolvimento motor e repertorio motor foram direcionadas aos pais/responsáveis das crianças.  O questionário foi respondido considerando que fosse analisado a percepção do antes e depois do início da pratica de natação. Considerando os aspectos cognitivos, os pais perceberam mudanças no entendimento de números e objetivos em aula, no entendimento de ordens de duas ou mais ações e mudança em relação a, organizar objetos em sequência por tamanho ou formato. Afetivamente, foi observado maior interação com os amigos, melhor relação com novidades e acontecimentos do cotidiano e segurança no ambiente aquático. Sobre o aspecto motor, os pais afirmam melhora na motricidade ampla e fina. De modo geral, pais julgam que os seus filhos se beneficiam substancialmente da prática da natação. 

Does resistance training improve body image satisfaction among the elderly? A cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate whether body image satisfaction improves with practice in resistance training in elderly women. METHODS: Forty women were selected and randomly divided into an untrained group (UN) group and a group trained in resistance exercises (RT). To evaluate body image satisfaction, the silhouette matching task was used. RESULTS: No differences were found between current (5.45±0.24) and ideal (4.7±0.12) silhouettes in the RT group. However, the UN group showed a significant difference (po0.01) between current (10.4±0.43) and ideal (5.6±0.26) silhouettes. The current silhouette was significantly different between the UN and RT groups (po0.002). However, the ideal silhouette value did not differ between them. Body satisfaction was present in 90% of the participants in the RT group, and the difference was 15% less than that in the UN group (x2 test, po0.001). CONCLUSION: Resistance training in elderly women can promote satisfaction with their body image

Description of training loads using whole body exercise during high-intensity-interval-training

OBJECTIVES: To describe external training load and internal training load through sets of a single session of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) body work. METHODS: Twenty male individuals (24±3 years) performed a HIIT body work protocol consisting of a single bout of exercise with 1:1 stimuli. The exercises used were 30 min in duration with “all-out” intensity. The exercises included jumping jacks, mountain climbers, burpees and squat jumps, totaling 20 min of exercise. During exercise, total movement capacity, blood lactate measurement, ratings of perceived exertion and recovery, training load and intensity were monitored. RESULTS: The single bout examined showed a total of 382±89 movements. Differences (p<0.01) in the total amount of movement for each exercise were noted, reflecting the difficulty of maintaining exercise over time. Increases in lactate concentrations (before: 0.98±0.16, after: 14.10±1.66; mmol/L) were found postexercise. Significant differences (p<0.01) were found after the fifth set, and the values for movement capacity remained higher than the values of the first set, demonstrating high load in a single session. No differences in ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during the sets were found. However, the ratings of perceived recuperation from the second set were significantly (p<0.01) lower than those from the first set. CONCLUSIONS: The exercise protocol used in this study was of high intensity and produced large values for stress during performance, with increases recorded for the internal load indicators

Are physical inactivity, sitting time and screen time associated with obstructive sleep apnea in adults? A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: Sitting time, screen time and low physical activity (PA) levels have been associated with several diseases and all-cause mortality. PA is related to better sleep quality and absence of daytime sleepiness, along with lower risks of obstructive syndrome apnea (OSA). However, studies on the relationship between sitting time, screen time and OSA are scarce in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To analyze associations between PA levels, sitting time, screen time and OSA among adults with suspected sleep disorder. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted at Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein. METHODS: Data were collected from 369 adults with suspected sleep disorders who visited the hospital's neurophysiology clinic between August 2015 and January 2017. RESULTS: Correlations between hypopnea and PA indicators were demonstrated for total sitting time (0.123; P = 0.019) and total screen time (0.108; P = 0.038). There was also a correlation between latency for rapid-eye-movement sleep (REM_LAT) and total sitting time (0.103; P = 0.047) and a negative correlation between mean oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO_Avg) and total PA time (-0.103; P = 0.048). There were no associations between PA parameters and apnea-hypopnea index. After adjusting for confounding factors (body mass index, age and gender), sitting time and screen time were not associated with OSA. CONCLUSION: After adjusting for anthropometric and clinical factors, excessive sitting time or screen time was not associated with OSA in adults suspected of sleep disorders. Age, gender, hypertension, body mass index and waist circumference were associated with OSA