3,719 research outputs found
Efficient Solution of Language Equations Using Partitioned Representations
A class of discrete event synthesis problems can be reduced to solving
language equations f . X ⊆ S, where F is the fixed component and S the
specification. Sequential synthesis deals with FSMs when the automata for F and
S are prefix closed, and are naturally represented by multi-level networks with
latches. For this special case, we present an efficient computation, using
partitioned representations, of the most general prefix-closed solution of the
above class of language equations. The transition and the output relations of
the FSMs for F and S in their partitioned form are represented by the sets of
output and next state functions of the corresponding networks. Experimentally,
we show that using partitioned representations is much faster than using
monolithic representations, as well as applicable to larger problem instances.Comment: Submitted on behalf of EDAA (http://www.edaa.com/
Wrong Turn in Cyberspace: Using ICANN to Route Around the APA and the Constitution
The Internet relies on an underlying centralized hierarchy built into the domain name system (DNS) to control the routing for the vast majority of Internet traffic. At its heart is a single data file, known as the root. Control of the root provides singular power in cyberspace. This Article first describes how the United States government found itself in control of the root. It then describes how, in an attempt to meet concerns that the United States could so dominate an Internet chokepoint, the U. S. Department of Commerce (DoC) summoned into being the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), a formally private nonprofit California corporation. DoC then signed contracts with ICANN in order to clothe it with most of the U. S. government\u27s power over the DNS, and convinced other parties to recognize ICANN\u27s authority. ICANN then took regulatory actions that the U. S. Department of Commerce was unable or unwilling to make itself, including the imposition on all registrants of Internet addresses of an idiosyncratic set of arbitration rules and procedures that benefit third-party trademark holders. Professor Froomkin then argues that the use of ICANN to regulate in the stead of an executive agency violates fundamental values and policies designed to ensure democratic control over the use of government power, and sets a precedent that risks being expanded into other regulatory activities. He argues that DoC\u27s use of ICANN to make rules either violates the APA\u27s requirement for notice and comment in rulemaking and judicial review, or it violates the Constitution\u27s nondelegation doctrine. Professor Froomkin reviews possible alternatives to ICANN, and ultimately proposes a decentralized structure in which the namespace of the DNS is spread out over a transnational group of policy partners with DoC
Preliminary analysis of LDEF instrument A0187-1: Chemistry of Micrometeoroids Experiment
The Chemistry of Micrometeoroids Experiment (CME) exposed approximately 0.8 sq. m of gold on the Long Duration Exposure Facility's (LDEF's) trailing edge (location A03) and approximately 1.1 sq. m of aluminum in the forward-facing A11 location. The most significant results to date relate to the discovery of unmelted pyroxene and olivine fragments associated with natural cosmic dust impacts. The latter are sufficiently large for detailed phase studies, and they serve to demonstrate that recovery of unmelted dust fragments is a realistic prospect for further dust experiments that will employ more advanced collector media. We also discovered that man-made debris impacts occur on the LDEF's trailing edge with substantially higher frequency than expected, suggesting that orbital debris in highly elliptical orbits may have been somewhat underestimated
HydroTest: a web-based toolbox of evaluation metrics for the standardised assessment of hydrological forecasts
This paper presents details of an open access web site that can be used by hydrologists
and other scientists to evaluate time series models. There is at present a general lack of
consistency in the way in which hydrological models are assessed that handicaps the
comparison of reported studies and hinders the development of superior models. The
HydroTest web site provides a wide range of objective metrics and consistent tests of
model performance to assess forecasting skill. This resource is designed to promote
future transparency and consistency between reported models and includes an open forum
that is intended to encourage further discussion and debate on the topic of hydrological
performance evaluation metrics. It is envisaged that the provision of such facilities will
lead to the creation of superior forecasting metrics and the development of international
benchmark time series datasets
Reconstructing World Politics: Norms, Discourse, and Community
This Article argues that the conventional (rationalist) approach to world politics characterized by political bargain cannot fully capture the new social reality under the contemporary global ambience where ideational factors such as ideas, values, culture, and norms have become more salient and influential not only in explaining but also in prescribing state behaviors. After bringing rationalism’s paradigmatic limitations into relief, the Article offers a sociological framework that highlights a reflective, intersubjective communication among states and consequent norm-building process. Under this new paradigm, one can understand an international organization as a “community” (Gemeinschaft), not as a mere contractual instrument of its contracting parties (Gesellschaft). The Article applies the new paradigm to the World Trade Organization (WTO) as it describes the WTO’s institutional evolution from a power-oriented, tariff-reducing contract to a norm-oriented world trade community
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