15,679 research outputs found
Mutuality talk in a family-owned multinational: anthropological categories & critical analyses of corporate ethicizing
This article draws on work carried out as part of a collaboration between an elite business school and a family-owned multinational corporation, concerned with promoting âmutuality in businessâ as a new frontier of responsible capitalism. While the business school partners treated mutuality as a new principle central to an emergent ethical capitalism, the corporation claimed mutuality as a long-established value unique to their company. Both interpretations foreground a central problem in recent writing on the anthropology of business/corporations: the tension between the claim that economic life is always embedded within a moral calculus, and the shift towards increasingly ethical behaviour among many corporations. Further, recent work in the anthropology of business rejects normative evaluations of corporate ethicizing. When corporations lay claim to ethical renewal, but maintain a commitment to competition and growth, then anthropologists must balance a sympathetic engagement with corporate ethicizing, and critical engagement with growth-based strategie
A signature invariant for knotted Klein graphs
We define some signature invariants for a class of knotted trivalent graphs
using branched covers. We relate them to classical signatures of knots and
links. Finally, we explain how to compute these invariants through the example
of Kinoshita's knotted theta graph.Comment: 23 pages, many figures. Comments welcome ! Historical inaccuracy
fixe
Emerging treatments for recurrent prostate cancer
Despite radical treatment, many men with prostate cancer will develop recurrence of their disease. In an exciting era of new therapies for prostate cancer in general, we focus on how these will specifically benefit those men with recurrent disease. We consider salvage treatments aimed at those with local recurrence confined to the prostate gland, therapies for those presenting with metastatic recurrence and the approach to men presenting with a rising prostate-specific antigen but no demonstrable disease (M0). In general, men with recurrent disease are often under-represented in randomized clinical trials. Consequently, evidence to guide treatment for these men is often lacking and this needs to be addressed in order to improve and better define our approach to this problem in the future
Reforming the International Monetary System in the 1970s and 2000s: Would an SDR Substitution Account Have Worked
This paper analyzes the discussion of a substitution account in the 1970s and how the account might have performed had it been agreed in 1980. The substitution account would have allowed central banks to diversify away from the dollar into the IMFâs Special Drawing Right (SDR), comprised of US dollar, Deutschmark, French franc (later euro), Japanese yen and British pound, through transactions conducted off the market. The accountâs dollar assets could fall short of the value of its SDR liabilities, and hedging would have defeated the purpose of preventing dollar sales. In the event, negotiators were unable to agree on how to distribute the open-ended cost of covering any shortfall if the dollarâs depreciation were to exceed the value of any cumulative interest rate premium on the dollar. As it turned out, the substitution account would have encountered solvency problems had the US dollar return been based on US treasury bill yields, even if a substantial fraction of the IMFâs gold had been devoted to meet the shortfall at recent high prices for gold. However, had the US dollar return been based on US treasury bond yields, the substitution account would have been solvent even without any gold backing
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Lipopolysaccharide-specific acyloxyacyl hydrolase
" An acyloxyacyl hydrolase from the human promyelocyte cell line HL-60 has been found to specifically hydrolyze fatty acids from their ester linkages to hydroxy groups of 3-hydroxyfatty acids, the latter being being bound in turn to lipopolysaccharide glycosaminyl residues. The hydrolyzed fatty acids may include dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid and hexadecanoic acid. This enzyme showed a molecular weight by gel exclusion chromatography between about 50,000 Daltons and about 70,000 Daltons, and a molecular weight by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with sodium dodecylsulphate, using reduced molecular weight standards, of approximately 54,000 to 60,000 Daltons. Altered bacterial lipopolysaccharide substantially without fatty acids bound in ester linkage to hydroxy groups of 3-hydroxyfatty acids covalently linked to a glucosaminyl moiety of lipopolysaccharide lipid A are produced. Since the structure of the lipid A moiety is highly conserved, acyloxyacyl hydrolase may act on lipopolysaccharide of many different pathogenic bacteria (for example Salmonella, Escherichia, Hemophilus, and Neisseria). Such altered bacterial lipopolysaccharide, having toxicity reduced more than immunostimulatory activity, may be therapeutically useful: (1) as vaccines to prevent Gram-negative bacterial diseases by inducing antibodies to lipopolysaccharide O-polysaccharide or R-core antigens, (2) as antidotes to treat or prevent Gram-negative bacterial sepsis (""septic shock""), or (3) as adjuvants to enhance formation of antibodies to other antigens. the acyloxyacyl hydrolase itself may be prophylactically or therapeutically useful to detoxify endogenous lipopolysaccharide in patients with Gram-negative bacterial diseases. The enzyme may also be used to remove toxic lipopolysaccharide from therapeutic injectants. "Board of Regents, University of Texas Syste
The buried Balmer-edge signatures from quasars
In our previous paper, we have reported the detection of a Balmer edge
absorption feature in the polarized flux of one quasar (Ton 202). We have now
found similar Balmer edge features in the polarized flux of four more quasars
(4C09.72, 3C95, B2 1208+32, 3C323.1), and possibly a few more, out of 14 newly
observed with the VLT and Keck telescopes. In addition, we also re-observed Ton
202, but we did not detect such a dramatic feature, apparently due to
polarization variability (the two observations are one-year apart). The
polarization measurements of some quasars are affected by an interstellar
polarization in our Galaxy, but the measurements have been corrected for this
effect reasonably well.
Since the broad emission lines are essentially unpolarized and the
polarization is confined only to the continuum in the five quasars including
Ton 202 in both epochs, the polarized flux is considered to originate interior
to the broad emission line region. The Balmer edge feature seen in the
polarized flux is most simply interpreted as an intrinsic spectral feature of
the quasar UV/optical continuum, or the ``Big Blue Bump'' emission. In this
case, the edge feature seen in absorption indeed indicates the thermal and
optically-thick nature of the continuum emitted. However, we also discuss other
possible interpretations.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS; 31 pages, 38 figures with reduced
resolutions; the paper with a full resolution is at
http://www.roe.ac.uk/~mk/papers/04Ba_vk.ps.g
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