Efeitos da eficiência placentária sobre o desempenho de cabritos

The placenta is an organ of great importance for the development of mammals, being responsible for transferring nutrients from the mother to the young during the entire pregnancy. There are some factors that can influence the efficiency of the placenta, causing it to interfere or not with fetal growth. The objective of this study was to verify the relationship between lamb weight and survival until weaning and placental efficiency and other maternal and offspring characteristics For the analysis in which placental efficiency and survival until weaning were the dependent variables, and placental efficiency, number of offspring born, number of males and females born by parturition, weight and body condition score of mothers at parturition were the explanatory variables, Generalized Linear Models were used. To verify which characteristics influenced the dependent variable weaning weight, a linear regression was used, in which the explanatory variables were placental efficiency, mother's weight at parturition, number of offspring born at parturition, number of males and females born per parturition and mother's body condition score at birth. Placental efficiency increased with the number of offspring born. The weight of the weaning goats increased with each extra kilogram of the mother's weight at birth, with each extra kilo of born kid, and with each extra gram of born kid per gram of placenta. The number of goats until weaning increased with each more calf born per parturition and with each extra kilo of goats at parturition, but it decreased for each more gram of kid born per gram of placenta. The effect of placental efficiency was lower than that of maternal nutrition and prolificacy. In other words, to increase production efficiency, it would be more interesting to focus efforts on supplying the nutritional requirements of the sows both before breeding (thus ensuring greater prolificacy) and during pregnancy (ensuring the birth of heavier kids).Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação)A placenta é um órgão de grande importância para o desenvolvimento dos mamíferos, sendo responsável por transferir nutrientes da mãe para o filhote durante toda a gestação. Existem alguns fatores que podem influenciar na eficiência da placenta, fazendo com que interfiram ou não no crescimento fetal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a relação entre a eficiência placentária e a sobrevivência dos cabritos e seus pesos até a fase de desmama, levando em consideração outras características maternas e dos filhotes que podem ser influenciadas. Para a análise em que a eficiência placentária e a sobrevivência até o desmame foram as variáveis dependentes, e eficiência placentária, quantidade de crias nascidas, quantidade de machos e de fêmeas nascidas por parto, peso e escore de condição corporal das mães ao parto foram as variáveis explicativas, foram utilizados Modelos Lineares Generalizados. Para verificar quais características influenciaram a variável dependente peso ao desmame, foi utilizada uma regressão linear, em que as variáveis explicativas foram a eficiência placentária, peso da mãe ao parto, quantidade de crias nascidas no parto, quantidade de machos e de fêmeas nascidas por parto e escore de condição corporal da mãe ao parto. A eficiência placentária aumentou com a quantidade de crias nascidas. O peso dos cabritos ao desmame aumentou a cada quilo a mais do peso da mãe ao parto, a cada quilo a mais de cabrito nascido e a cada grama a mais de cabrito nascido por grama de placenta. A quantidade de cabritos até o desmame aumentou a cada cria a mais nascida por parto e a cada quilo a mais das cabras ao parto, porém diminuiu para cada grama a mais de cabrito nascido por grama de placenta. O efeito da eficiência placentária foi inferior ao da nutrição materna e da prolificidade. Ou seja, para aumentar a eficiência produtiva seria mais interessante concentrar esforços no suprimento das exigências nutricionais das matrizes tanto antes da monta (garantindo, portanto, maior prolificidade), quanto durante a gestação (garantindo o nascimento de cabritos mais pesados)

Comparison of the effect of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) with Hyaluronic Acid (HA) injections to treat chronic Jumper's knee

Introduction: Patellar Tendinopathies (PT) represent a very frequent disorder which incidence can reach 30-50% among jumping sports. This trouble is often rebel to classical treatment. Objective: To compare the efficacy of a single injection of RPR to a double infiltration of HA at one week interval. Patients/Methods: Thirty-three patients suffering from PT were enrolled into the study and split into two randomized groups . Eighteen patients (Group 1) have received one PRP injection and the other fifteen subjects (Group 2) received two HA infiltrations. Pain and functionality of the knee were evaluated before injection (T0), 6 weeks (T2) and 3 months (T3) after injections: pain with VAS and pressure algometer, algofunctional scores with IKDC and VISA-P questionnaires, ultrasound, isokinetic evaluation (quadriceps contractions : concentric 60°/sec (C60), concentric 240°/sec (C240), excentric 30°/sec (E30) and VAS during testing). Results: At baseline, difference existed only between groups for algometer, tendon thickness and axial hypoechoic area. In both groups, VAS, algometer, IKCD, VISA-P, VAS for isokinetic testing C60, C240 and E30 were significantly improved at T2 and T3 compared to T0. Comparison between the 2 groups showed no difference excepted for algometer, tendon thickness (T2, T3) and axial hypoechoic area (T2). Discussion and conclusions: There existed a similar improvement of the symptoms in both groups. PRP has already shown its efficacy in PT. HA should probably be a new therapeutic opportunity in this indication. Nevertheless, it should better, for further studies, to include a more homogeneous population and a longer follow-up period of time

Tissue-mimicking phantoms for photoacoustic and ultrasonic imaging

In both photoacoustic (PA) and ultrasonic (US) imaging, overall image quality is influenced by the optical and acoustical properties of the medium. Consequently, with the increased use of combined PA and US (PAUS) imaging in preclinical and clinical applications, the ability to provide phantoms that are capable of mimicking desired properties of soft tissues is critical. To this end, gelatin-based phantoms were constructed with various additives to provide realistic acoustic and optical properties. Forty-micron, spherical silica particles were used to induce acoustic scattering, Intralipid® 20% IV fat emulsion was employed to enhance optical scattering and ultrasonic attenuation, while India Ink, Direct Red 81, and Evans blue dyes were utilized to achieve optical absorption typical of soft tissues. The following parameters were then measured in each phantom formulation: speed of sound, acoustic attenuation (from 6 to 22 MHz), acoustic backscatter coefficient (from 6 to 22 MHz), optical absorption (from 400 nm to 1300 nm), and optical scattering (from 400 nm to 1300 nm). Results from these measurements were then compared to similar measurements, which are offered by the literature, for various soft tissue types. Based on these comparisons, it was shown that a reasonably accurate tissue-mimicking phantom could be constructed using a gelatin base with the aforementioned additives. Thus, it is possible to construct a phantom that mimics specific tissue acoustical and/or optical properties for the purpose of PAUS imaging studies

Rapport de Roberjot, au nom du comité d'Agriculture, concernant l'article III du décret du 15 nivôse défendant de fabriquer des cuirs de veau à la manière dite à l'anglaise, lors de la séance du 17 brumaire an III (7 novembre 1794)

Roberjot Claude. Rapport de Roberjot, au nom du comité d'Agriculture, concernant l'article III du décret du 15 nivôse défendant de fabriquer des cuirs de veau à la manière dite à l'anglaise, lors de la séance du 17 brumaire an III (7 novembre 1794). In: Archives Parlementaires de 1787 à 1860 - Première série (1787-1799) Tome C - Du 3 au 18 brumaire an III (24 octobre au 8 novembre 1794) Paris : CNRS éditions, 2000. p. 504

Renvoi au comité de Sûreté générale de la défense du citoyen Grandmaison, présentée par le représentant Roberjot, lors de la séance du 19 fructidor an II (5 septembre 1794)

Roberjot Claude. Renvoi au comité de Sûreté générale de la défense du citoyen Grandmaison, présentée par le représentant Roberjot, lors de la séance du 19 fructidor an II (5 septembre 1794). In: Archives Parlementaires de 1787 à 1860 - Première série (1787-1799) Tome XCVI - Du 10 fructidor au 22 fructidor an II (27 août au 8 septembre 1794) Paris : CNRS éditions, 1990. p. 284

Renvoi au comité de Sûreté générale de la défense du citoyen Grandmaison, présentée par le représentant Roberjot, lors de la séance du 19 fructidor an II (5 septembre 1794)

Roberjot Claude. Renvoi au comité de Sûreté générale de la défense du citoyen Grandmaison, présentée par le représentant Roberjot, lors de la séance du 19 fructidor an II (5 septembre 1794). In: Archives Parlementaires de 1787 à 1860 - Première série (1787-1799) Tome XCVI - Du 10 fructidor au 22 fructidor an II (27 août au 8 septembre 1794) Paris : CNRS éditions, 1990. p. 284

Elementos de electricidad industrial

T. I: 634 p.; T. II: 359 pContén: T. I: Generalidades T. II: Medidas eléctricas industriales T III: Máquinas eléctricas T.IV: Instalaciones interiores, timbres, teléfonos, alumbrado, motores. T. V Centrales y rede

Rapport de Roberjot, au nom du comité d'Agriculture, concernant l'article III du décret du 15 nivôse défendant de fabriquer des cuirs de veau à la manière dite à l'anglaise, lors de la séance du 17 brumaire an III (7 novembre 1794)

Roberjot Claude. Rapport de Roberjot, au nom du comité d'Agriculture, concernant l'article III du décret du 15 nivôse défendant de fabriquer des cuirs de veau à la manière dite à l'anglaise, lors de la séance du 17 brumaire an III (7 novembre 1794). In: Archives Parlementaires de 1787 à 1860 - Première série (1787-1799) Tome C - Du 3 au 18 brumaire an III (24 octobre au 8 novembre 1794) Paris : CNRS éditions, 2000. p. 504

Prise en charge thérapeutique d'un patient atteint de la maladie d'Addison auto-immune, conseil à l'officine

La maladie d'Addison est une affection endocrinologique rare potentiellement létale, due à une insuffisance corticosurrénalienne primitive le plus souvent d'installation progressive, et dont la cause principale est un processus auto-immun. Elle se caractérise par un déficit de production des hormones produites par le cortex des glandes surrénales, à savoir les hormones glucocorticoïdes, minéralocorticoïdes et les androgènes surrénaliens. L'instauration d'un traitement hormonal substitutif à vie après le diagnostic de la maladie, la surveillance de ce traitement et son optimisation, ainsi qu’une bonne éducation thérapeutique du patient sont primordiaux afin d'éviter l'apparition d'une insuffisance surrénale aigüe, complication grave de la maladie, et d’autres complications du traitement qui peuvent apparaître à long terme. Cette prise en charge assure au patient une espérance de vie considérée comme normale bien que sa qualité de vie puisse se trouver altérée. Cette thèse a d’abord pour objet de rappeler au pharmacien les mécanismes physiopathologiques de la maladie d’Addison ainsi que les principes de son diagnostic. Elle traite ensuite des modalités actuelles de la prise en charge médicamenteuse de la maladie, dont un des piliers est l'éducation thérapeutique du patient, en s’appuyant notamment sur les recommandations de bonne pratique clinique les plus récentes. Les perspectives thérapeutiques et les principaux axes de recherche de traitements médicamenteux de la maladie sont également abordés