Energy-dependent partial-wave analysis of all antiproton-proton scattering data below 925 MeV/c

We present a new energy-dependent partial-wave analysis of all antiproton-proton elastic and charge-exchange scattering data below 925 MeV/c antiproton laboratory momentum. The long-range parts of the chiral one- and two-pion exchange interactions are included exactly. The short-range interactions, including the coupling to the mesonic annihilation channels, are parametrized by a complex boundary condition at a radius of r=1.2 fm. The updated database, which includes significantly more high-quality charge-exchange data, contains 3749 scattering data. The fit results in chi^2_min/N_df=1.048, where N_df=3578 is the number of degrees of freedom. We discuss the description of the experimental data and we present the antiproton-proton phase-shift parameters

From Urban Façade to Green Foundation: Re-Imagining the Garden City to Manage Climate Risks

Climate risk management evolves rapidly from one additional challenge for urban planning into a radical driver of urban development. In addition to fundamental changes in urban planning to increase long-term resilience, the creation of new opportunities for sustainable transformation is imperative. While urban planners increasingly add climate risks to their menu, implementation of effective action is lagging. To reduce urban infrastructure's vulnerability to heat and flooding, cities often rely on short-term incremental adjustments rather than considering longer-term transformative solutions. The transdisciplinary co-development of inspiring urban visions with local stakeholders over timescales of decades or more, can provide an appealing prospect of the city we desire - a city that is attractive to live and work in, and simultaneously resilient to climate hazards. Taking an historic perspective, we argue that re-imagining historical urban planning concepts, such as the late 19th-century garden city until early 21st century urban greening through nature-based solutions, is a pertinent example of how climate risk management can be combined with a wide-range of socio-economic and environmental goals. Climate knowledge has expanded rapidly over the last decades. However, climate experts mainly focus on the refinement of and access to observations and model results, rather than on translating their knowledge effectively to meet today’s urban planning needs. In this commentary we discuss how the two associated areas (urban planning and climate expertise) should be more fully integrated to address today’s long-term challenges effectively

Axial-vector form factors of the baryon octet and chiral symmetry

We consider the axial-vector form factors of the baryon octet in flavor-SU(3) chiral perturbation theory. The baryon octet and decuplet and the pseudoscalar-meson octet are included as explicit degrees of freedom. We explore the use of on-shell meson and baryon masses in the one-loop contributions to the axial-vector form factors and focus on a consistent treatment in terms of chiral power counting. The convergence properties of such an approach are scrutinized. We discuss the potential for comparison to upcoming QCD lattice data.Comment: 57 pages, 4 figures, in the revised manuscript we extended the presentation considering now all relevant counterterm

Enhancement factor for the electric dipole moment of the electron in the BaOH and YbOH molecules

Polyatomic polar molecules are promising systems for future experiments that search for violation of time-reversal and parity symmetries due to their advantageous electronic and vibrational structure, which allows laser cooling, full polarization of the molecule, and reduction of systematic effects [Kozyryev and Hutzler, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 133002 (2017)]. In this paper we investigate the enhancement factor of the electric dipole moment of the electron (E_(eff)) in the triatomic monohydroxide molecules BaOH and YbOH within the high-accuracy relativistic coupled cluster method. The recommended E_(eff) values of the two systems are 6.42 ± 0.15 and 23.4 ± 1.0 GV/cm, respectively. We compare our results with similar calculations for the isoelectronic diatomic molecules BaF and YbF, which are currently used in the experimental search for P,T-odd effects in molecules. The E_(eff) values prove to be very close, within about 1.5% difference in magnitude between the diatomic and the triatomic compounds. Thus, BaOH and YbOH have similar enhancements of the electron electric dipole moment, while benefiting from experimental advantages, and can serve as excellent candidates for next-generation experiments

Enhanced P,T-violating nuclear magnetic quadrupole moment effects in laser-coolable molecules

Nuclear magnetic quadrupole moments (MQMs), such as intrinsic electric dipole moments of elementary particles, violate both parity and time-reversal symmetry and, therefore, probe physics beyond the standard model. We report on accurate relativistic coupled cluster calculations of the nuclear MQM interaction constants in BaF, YbF, BaOH, and YbOH. We elaborate on estimates of the uncertainty of our results. The implications of experiments searching for nonzero nuclear MQMs are discussed

Arm hand skilled performance in cerebral palsy: activity preferences and their movement components

Background: Assessment of arm-hand use is very important in children with cerebral palsy (CP) who encounter arm-hand problems. To determine validity and reliability of new instruments to assess actual performance, a set of standardized test situations including activities of daily living (ADL) is required. This study gives information with which such a set for upper extremity skill research may be fine-tuned, relative to a specific research question. Aim of this study is to a) identify upper extremity related ADL children with CP want to improve on, b) determine the 10 most preferred goals of children with CP, and c) identify movement components of all goals identified. Method: The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure was used to identify upper extremity-related ADL preferences (goals) of 53 children with CP encountering arm-hand problems (mean age 9 +/- 4.5 year). Goals were ranked based on importance attributed to each goal and the number of times a goal was mentioned, resulting in a gross list with goals. Additionally, two studies were performed, i.e. study A to determine the 10 most preferred goals for 3 age groups (2.5-5 years; 6-11 years, 12-19 years), based on the total preference score, and study B to identify movement components, like reaching and grasping, of all goals identified for both the leading and the assisting arm-hand. Results: Seventy-two goals were identified. The 10 most preferred goals differed with age, changing from dressing and leisure-related goals in the youngest children to goals regarding personal care and eating for children aged 6-11 years. The oldest children preferred goals regarding eating, personal care and computer use. The movement components 'positioning', 'reach', 'grasp', and 'hold' were present in most tasks. 'Manipulating' was more important for the leading arm-hand, whereas 'fixating' was more important for the assisting arm-hand. Conclusion: This study gave insight into the preferences regarding ADL children with CP would like to improve on, and the movement components characterizing these activities. This information can be used to create a set of standardized test situations, which can be used to assess the validity and reliability of new measurement instruments to gauge actual arm-hand skilled performance

Nuclear spin-dependent parity-violating effects in light polyatomic molecules

Measurements of nuclear spin-dependent parity-violating (NSD-PV) effects provide an excellent opportunity to test nuclear models and to search for physics beyond the Standard Model. Molecules possess closely-spaced states with opposite parity which may be easily tuned to degeneracy to greatly enhance the observed parity-violating effects. A high-sensitivity measurement of NSD-PV effects using light triatomic molecules is in preparation [E. B. Norrgard, et al., Commun. Phys. 2, 77 (2019)]. Importantly, by comparing these measurements in light nuclei with prior and ongoing measurements in heavier systems, the contribution to NSD-PV from $Z^0$-boson exchange between the electrons and the nuclei may be separated from the contribution of the nuclear anapole moment. Furthermore, light triatomic molecules offer the possibility to search for new particles, such as the postulated $Z^{\prime}$ boson. In this work, we detail a sensitive measurement scheme and present high-accuracy molecular and nuclear calculations needed for interpretation of NSD-PV experiments on triatomic molecules composed of light elements Be, Mg, N, and C. The ab initio nuclear structure calculations, performed within the No-Core Shell Model (NCSM) provide a reliable prediction of the magnitude of different contributions to the NSD-PV effects in the four nuclei. These results differ significantly from the predictions of the standard single-particle model and highlight the importance of including many-body effects in such calculations. In order to extract the NSD-PV contributions from measurements, a parity-violating interaction parameter $W_{\text{PV}}$, which depends on molecular structure, needs to be known with high accuracy. We have calculated these parameters for the triatomic molecules of interest using the relativistic coupled-cluster approach.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, and 6 table

“Catch 22”: biosecurity awareness, interpretation and practice amongst poultry catchers

Campylobacter contamination of chicken on sale in the UK remains at high levels and has a substantial public health impact. This has prompted the application of many interventions in the supply chain, including enhanced biosecurity measures on-farm. Catching and thinning are acknowledged as threats to the maintenance of good biosecurity, yet the people employed to undertake this critical work (i.e. ‘catchers’) are a rarely studied group. This study uses a mixed methods approach to investigate catchers’ (n = 53) understanding of the biosecurity threats posed by the catching and thinning, and the barriers to good biosecurity practice. It interrogated the role of training in both the awareness and practice of good biosecurity. Awareness of lapses in biosecurity was assessed using a Watch-&-Click hazard awareness survey (n = 53). Qualitative interviews (n = 49 catchers, 5 farm managers) explored the understanding, experience and practice of catching and biosecurity. All of the catchers who took part in the Watch-&-Click study identified at least one of the biosecurity threats with 40% detecting all of the hazards. Those who had undergone training were significantly more likely to identify specific biosecurity threats and have a higher awareness score overall (48% compared to 9%, p = 0.03). Crucially, the individual and group interviews revealed the tensions between the high levels of biosecurity awareness evident from the survey and the reality of the routine practice of catching and thinning. Time pressures and a lack of equipment rather than a lack of knowledge appear a more fundamental cause of catcher-related biosecurity lapses. Our results reveal that catchers find themselves in a ‘catch-22′ situation in which mutually conflicting circumstances prevent simultaneous completion of their job and compliance with biosecurity standards