Research Notes: Reaction to peanut mottle virus in plant introductions of Maturity Groups 00 through IV

The results of screening the soybean plant introductions in Maturity Groups II, III, and IV have been reported by Shipe et al. (1979) . The results of evaluating the earlier maturity groups are reported here. Plant introductions that became available after 1976 have not been screened

Research Notes : A new gene for peanut mottle virus resistance in soybean

Boerma and Kuhn (1976) established that \u27Dorman\u27 and \u27CNS\u27 each contain a single dominant gene conditioning resistance to peanut mottle virus (PMV). The gene was labelled Rpv, but it was not demonstrated that the genes in the cultivars were allelic. Shipe et al. (1979) also demonstrated the presence of single dominant genes for PMV resistance in each of \u27Arksoy\u27, \u27PI 89784\u27 and \u27PI 219789\u27, but made no tests for allelic relationships

Research Notes : Inheritance of pubescence color and reactions to three viruses in the cross York x Lee 68

Three viruses are prevalent on soybean in the peanut producing counties of Virginia. These are peanut mottle virus (PMV), peanut stunt virus (PSV) and soybean mosaic virus (SMV). Each may cause extensive yield losses among susceptible soybean cultivars under certain conditions

Comparing Skill Acquisition Under Varying Onsets of Differential Reinforcement: A Preliminary Analysis

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of implementing differential reinforcement at different times relative to the onset of teaching new skills to learners with autism spectrum disorder. Specifically, we first determined the most efficient differential reinforcement arrangement for each participant. Using the most efficient arrangement, we evaluated if differential reinforcement from the immediate onset, early onset, or late onset is the most efficient for learners to acquire a new skill. Three children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder who have a history of receiving intervention based on the principles of applied behavior analysis participated in this study. The immediate onset of differential reinforcement resulted in the most efficient instruction in 6 of 7 comparisons. The results are discussed in light of previous studies and suggestions for future research are provided

Results of a Pilot Multicenter Genotype-based Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial of Propranolol to Reduce Pain After Major Thermal Burn Injury

Results of previous studies suggest that β-adrenoreceptor activation may augment pain, and that β-adrenoreceptor antagonists may be effective in reducing pain, particularly in individuals not homozygous for the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) high activity haplotype

Comparative genome structure, secondary metabolite, and effector coding capacity across Cochliobolus pathogens.

The genomes of five Cochliobolus heterostrophus strains, two Cochliobolus sativus strains, three additional Cochliobolus species (Cochliobolus victoriae, Cochliobolus carbonum, Cochliobolus miyabeanus), and closely related Setosphaeria turcica were sequenced at the Joint Genome Institute (JGI). The datasets were used to identify SNPs between strains and species, unique genomic regions, core secondary metabolism genes, and small secreted protein (SSP) candidate effector encoding genes with a view towards pinpointing structural elements and gene content associated with specificity of these closely related fungi to different cereal hosts. Whole-genome alignment shows that three to five percent of each genome differs between strains of the same species, while a quarter of each genome differs between species. On average, SNP counts among field isolates of the same C. heterostrophus species are more than 25× higher than those between inbred lines and 50× lower than SNPs between Cochliobolus species. The suites of nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS), polyketide synthase (PKS), and SSP-encoding genes are astoundingly diverse among species but remarkably conserved among isolates of the same species, whether inbred or field strains, except for defining examples that map to unique genomic regions. Functional analysis of several strain-unique PKSs and NRPSs reveal a strong correlation with a role in virulence

Similarities in seed and aphid transmission among Soybean mosaic virus isolates

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is an aphid- and seed-transmitted virus that infects soybean (Glycine max) plants and causes significant yield losses. Seed-borne infections are the primary sources of inoculum for SMV infections. The strain specificity of SMV transmission through seed and SMV-induced seed-coat mottling were investigated in field experiments. Six soybean plant introductions (PIs) were inoculated with eight SMV strains and isolates. Transmission of SMV through seed ranged from 0 to 43%, and isolate-by-soybean line interactions occurred in both transmission rates and percentages of mottled seeds. For example, SMV 746 was transmitted through 43% of seed in PI 229324, but was not transmitted through seed of PIs 68522, 68671, or 86449. In contrast, SMV 413 was transmitted through seed from all PIs. SMVs that were transmitted poorly by the Asian soybean aphid, Aphis glycines, also were transmitted poorly through seed. No predicted amino acid sequences within the helper-component protease or coat protein coding regions differentiated the two groups of SMV strains. The loss of aphid and seed transmissibility by repeated mechanical transmission suggests that constant selection pressure is needed to maintain the regions of the SMV genome controlling the two phenotypes from genetic drift and loss of function.published or submitted for publicationis peer reviewe