''A kitchen that wastes no steps...'': Gender, Class and the Home Improvement Plan, 1936-40

This article assesses the gender and class implications of the Home Improvement Plan (HIP) in Canada during the 1930s. The HIP was a major job creation programme which offered low-interest loans to encourage households to undertake home renovations. Advertisements for the plan, mainly targeted at women, focused on the advantages of streamlining and modernizing homes. The authors argue that the plan differentiated the strata of the working class, assigned women to domesticity and never attempted to tackle the problem of housing endured by the nation's poor. Dans cet article, les auteures présentent un exposé détaillé des objectifs et des résultats du « Home Improvement Plan » (HIP) au Canada durant les années 1930. Le HIP proposait des prêts à faible taux d’intérêt dans le but d’encourager les ménages à faire rénover leurs logis et, ainsi, il visait à pallier certains problèmes causés par la crise. S’adressant surtout aux femmes, la publicité mettait l’accent sur les avantages de rationaliser et de moderniser les maisons. Les auteures affirment que le plan en question ne s’adressait pas à toutes les couches de la classe ouvrière, qu’il assignait les femmes à la sphère domestique et que jamais il n’a tenté de s’attaquer au problème du logement qu’éprouvaient les pauvres

The relationship between sociology and cognate disciplines: law

This paper considers the relationship between sociology and law, as a cognate discipline, through a discussion of social research into legal processes and settings, sometimes referred to as empirical socio-legal research. It first addresses the different meanings of research for social scientists and for lawyers, then investigates some particular challenges for cross/inter/multidisciplinary socio-legal research, and identifies the growing demands for empirical analyses of law and legal processes

Observing judicial work and emotions: using two researchers

Author version made available in accordance with publisher policy.Observation is an important component of research to examine complex social settings and is well-established for studying courtroom dynamics and judicial behaviour. However, the many activities occurring at once and the multiple participants, lay and professional, make it impossible for a sole researcher to observe and understand everything occurring in the courtroom. This article reports on the use of two researchers to undertake court observations, in two different studies, each nested in a different research design. The social nature of data collection and the value of dialogue between the two researchers in interpreting observed events, especially when studying emotion, are readily apparent in both studiesFunding for the Australian research includes: a 2001 University–Industry Research Collaborative Grant with Flinders University and the Association of Australian Magistrates (AAM) and financial support from the Australasian Institute of Judicial Administration (AIJA); an Australian Research Council (ARC) Linkage Project Grant (LP0210306) with AAM and all magistrates courts; and two ARC Discovery Project Grants (DP0665198, DP1096888). The Swedish Research is funded by the Swedish Research Council (2011-1553) and the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare (2011-0671)

Portfolio Vol. IV N 1

Phillips, Alison. Reflection. Poetry. 2. Rood, John. The Accused. Picture. 2. Lay, Mary Virginia. Irony. Poetry. 6. Lay, Mary Virginia. Not Know God? Poetry. 6. Shields, Margaret. Hope. Poetry. 6. Rogers, Tom. Football and Education. Prose. 7. Hammer, John. Red? Prose. 3-4. Brown, Kenneth I. The Christmas Guest. Prose. 5. Price III, Ira. Thomas Carlyle-Political Reactionary. Prose. 8-10. Tinnerman, Betty. Greater Love Hath No Man. Prose. 11. Hall, Jim. Gentlement--To Arms! Prose. 12-13. Benson, Virginia. Drop That Hammer! Prose. 14-15. Wilson, William. Thomas Wolfe--Volcano. Prose. 16. Seagrave, Leslie. Trelawney. Prose. 16. Chester, Bob. Keeping the Records Straight. Prose. 17. Wurdman, Audrey. I, II, XLIX. Poetry. 18. Auslander, Joseph. These Are the Wounds. Poetry. 19. Auslander, Joseph. Christmas Encyclical. Poetry. 19. Auslander, Joseph. Encounter With Keats. Poetry. 19. Koncana, Jean. Backstage at the Opera House. Prose. 20. Timrud, David. Ward Seventy Tonight. Prose. 21-22. Roach, Margaret. Wedding Bells. Prose. 23-26. Close, Dean. Back Country. Picture. 6

Author Correction: A population-specific reference panel empowers genetic studies of Anabaptist populations.

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper

Pan-Cancer Analysis of lncRNA Regulation Supports Their Targeting of Cancer Genes in Each Tumor Context

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are commonly dys-regulated in tumors, but only a handful are known toplay pathophysiological roles in cancer. We inferredlncRNAs that dysregulate cancer pathways, onco-genes, and tumor suppressors (cancer genes) bymodeling their effects on the activity of transcriptionfactors, RNA-binding proteins, and microRNAs in5,185 TCGA tumors and 1,019 ENCODE assays.Our predictions included hundreds of candidateonco- and tumor-suppressor lncRNAs (cancerlncRNAs) whose somatic alterations account for thedysregulation of dozens of cancer genes and path-ways in each of 14 tumor contexts. To demonstrateproof of concept, we showed that perturbations tar-geting OIP5-AS1 (an inferred tumor suppressor) andTUG1 and WT1-AS (inferred onco-lncRNAs) dysre-gulated cancer genes and altered proliferation ofbreast and gynecologic cancer cells. Our analysis in-dicates that, although most lncRNAs are dysregu-lated in a tumor-specific manner, some, includingOIP5-AS1, TUG1, NEAT1, MEG3, and TSIX, synergis-tically dysregulate cancer pathways in multiple tumorcontexts

Pan-cancer Alterations of the MYC Oncogene and Its Proximal Network across the Cancer Genome Atlas

Although theMYConcogene has been implicated incancer, a systematic assessment of alterations ofMYC, related transcription factors, and co-regulatoryproteins, forming the proximal MYC network (PMN),across human cancers is lacking. Using computa-tional approaches, we define genomic and proteo-mic features associated with MYC and the PMNacross the 33 cancers of The Cancer Genome Atlas.Pan-cancer, 28% of all samples had at least one ofthe MYC paralogs amplified. In contrast, the MYCantagonists MGA and MNT were the most frequentlymutated or deleted members, proposing a roleas tumor suppressors.MYCalterations were mutu-ally exclusive withPIK3CA,PTEN,APC,orBRAFalterations, suggesting that MYC is a distinct onco-genic driver. Expression analysis revealed MYC-associated pathways in tumor subtypes, such asimmune response and growth factor signaling; chro-matin, translation, and DNA replication/repair wereconserved pan-cancer. This analysis reveals insightsinto MYC biology and is a reference for biomarkersand therapeutics for cancers with alterations ofMYC or the PMN

Genomic, Pathway Network, and Immunologic Features Distinguishing Squamous Carcinomas

This integrated, multiplatform PanCancer Atlas study co-mapped and identified distinguishing molecular features of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from five sites associated with smokin

Spatial Organization and Molecular Correlation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Using Deep Learning on Pathology Images

Beyond sample curation and basic pathologic characterization, the digitized H&E-stained images of TCGA samples remain underutilized. To highlight this resource, we present mappings of tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) based on H&E images from 13 TCGA tumor types. These TIL maps are derived through computational staining using a convolutional neural network trained to classify patches of images. Affinity propagation revealed local spatial structure in TIL patterns and correlation with overall survival. TIL map structural patterns were grouped using standard histopathological parameters. These patterns are enriched in particular T cell subpopulations derived from molecular measures. TIL densities and spatial structure were differentially enriched among tumor types, immune subtypes, and tumor molecular subtypes, implying that spatial infiltrate state could reflect particular tumor cell aberration states. Obtaining spatial lymphocytic patterns linked to the rich genomic characterization of TCGA samples demonstrates one use for the TCGA image archives with insights into the tumor-immune microenvironment