Orbit determination and control for the European Student Moon Orbiter

This paper presents the preliminary navigation and orbit determination analyses for the European Student Moon Orbiter. The severe constraint on the total mission Delta nu and the all-day piggy-back launch requirement imposed by the limited available budget, led to the choice of using a low-energy transfer, more specifically a Weak Stability Boundary one, with a capture into an elliptic orbit around the Moon. A particular navigation strategy was devised to ensure capture and fulfil the requirement for the uncontrolled orbit stability at the Moon. This paper presents a simulation of the orbit determination process, based on an extended Kalman filter, and the navigation strategy applied to the baseline transfer of the 2011-2012 window. The navigation strategy optimally allocates multiple Trajectory Correction Manoeuvres to target a so-called capture corridor. The capture corridor is defined, at each point along the transfer, by back-propagating the set of perturbed states at the Moon that provides an acceptable lifetime of the lunar orbit. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Pastoralists picture land use

A team of researchers combine maps, satellite images and participatory mapping techniques to develop an accurate picture of land use among pastoralists in southern Ethiopi

Suspended monolayer graphene under true uniaxial deformation

2D crystals, such as graphene, exhibit the higher strength and stiffness of any other known man-made or natural material. So far, this assertion has been primarily based on modelling predictions and on bending experiments in combination with pertinent modelling. True uniaxial loading of suspended graphene is not easy to accomplish; however such an experiment is of paramount importance in order to assess the intrinsic properties of graphene without the influence of an underlying substrate. In this work we report on uniaxial tension of graphene up to moderate strains of 0.8% ca.. This has been made possible by sandwiching the graphene flake between two polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) layers and by suspending its central part by the removal of a section of PMMA with e-beam lithography. True uniaxial deformation is confirmed by the measured large phonon shifts with strain by Raman spectroscopy and the indication of lateral buckling (similar to what is observed for thin macroscopic membranes under tension). Finally, we also report on how the stress is transferred to the suspended specimen through the adhesive grips and determine the value of interfacial shear stress that is required for efficient axial loading in such a system

Il CNR e i risultati della ricerca scientifica Progetti PRIN e FIRB 2007-2013

Il presente volume ha lo scopo di illustrare l'attività della rete scientifica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) nell'ambito delle progettualità PRIN (Progetti di Ricerca di Interesse Nazionale) e FIRB (Fondo per gli Investimenti della Ricerca di Base) promosse dal Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (MIUR)

Il CNR e i risultati della ricerca scientifica_ Progetti PON 2007-2013

Il libro in oggetto raccoglie, sintetizza e presenta i risultati delle attività conseguiti dalla rete scientifica del CNR nell’ambito del Programma Operativo Nazionale “Ricerca e Competitività (PON R&C). Tale programma rappresenta lo strumento attraverso il quale il nostro Paese concorre allo sviluppo della Politica di Coesione della Unione europea a favore delle proprie aree territoriali più svantaggiate. Nel presente volume, si descrivono le caratteristiche generali del PON R&C 2007-2013 e le specifiche tecniche dei cinque bandi emanati dal MIUR: PON Ricerca Industriale (D.D. 1/Ric. del 18/01/2010); PON Distretti ad alta tecnologia e Laboratori pubblico-privati (D.D. 713/Ric. del 29/10/2010); PON Potenziamento Strutturale (D.D. 254/Ric. del 18/05/2011); PON Smart Cities and Communities and Social Innovation (D.D. 84/Ric. del 02/03/2012); PON Cluster Tecnologici Nazionali (D.D. 257/Ric. del 30/05/2012)

Quality characterization of eggs from Romagnola hens, an Italian local breed

IIn the past years, consumers' concerns about sustainability and animal welfare have increased, strengthening the demand for eggs and meat produced through alternative and extensive farming methods. In addition, producers have also become increasingly interested in the recovery and exploitation of local breeds due to their adaptability to local environmental conditions, to valorize the biodiversity and to provide added value to typical products. Among the Italian local breeds, Romagnola has almost risked extinction and currently is reared in small-scale farms for eggs and meat production. The aim of this study was to characterize the egg quality traits of Romagnola chicken breed (RMG) compared to those obtained by a commercial hybrid (CONV). Ten laying hens of both Romagnola breed and Hy-Line Brown at 40 wk of age were housed in the same outdoor pen and fed the same commercial feed (ME 2,830 kcal/kg, CP 17.2%) for 10 wk. At 5 and 10 wk after housing, all the eggs laid in 4 consecutive days were collected and used for the determination of egg and eggshell characteristics as well as proximate composition and fatty acid profile of egg yolk. As expected, some important productive traits such as egg weight and production resulted higher in CONV chickens. However, eggs from RMG hens presented a higher yolk/egg ratio (31.1 vs. 24.9%; P < 0.01) as well as carotenoids (36.8 vs. 20.2 ppm; P < 0.01) and cholesterol content (12.8 vs. 11.7 mg/g of yolk; P < 0.01) than those laid by the conventional genotype. Moreover, yolks from RMG eggs were characterized by lower polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) n-6 content (22.6 vs. 28.4%; P < 0.01) and PUFA n-6/n-3 ratio (11.3 vs. 13.5; P < 0.01) showing a healthier fatty acids profile than conventional eggs. These results highlighted several valuable egg quality traits of Romagnola chicken breed that might be exploited for the conservation and the development of this underutilized Italian pure breed

Il CNR e i risultati della ricerca scientifica_ Le nuove procedure di controllo interno Attività di AUDIT Progetti PRIN e FIRB

Nel presente volume sono evidenziate le procedure relative alla nuova disciplina dei controlli interni a valere sulle spese di progetto. Tale disciplina, dettata dal MIUR, ha fornito lo spunto per l’implementazione e la sperimentazione di un coordinamento interno CNR volto alla certificazione delle spese effettuate dalla Rete Scientifica

Intrabone transplant provides full stemness of cord blood stem cells with fast hematopoietic recovery and low GVHD rate: results from a prospective study

Umbilical Cord Blood (UCB) represents a valid option for patients with hematopoietic malignancies lacking an HLA matched donor. To overcome the limitation of the low stem cell dose of UCB, the intrabone (IB) route has been proposed. We report the results of a prospective study on a poor-prognosis cohort of 23 patients receiving intrabone single UCB transplant (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00886522). Cumulative incidence of hematological recovery at day 90 was 82 ± 9% (ANC &gt; 0.5 × 109/L) and 70 ± 10% (platelet &gt; 50 × 109/L) and correlated with CD34 + cells in the graft. NRM was 20 ±  9%. No severe aGVHD and only one extensive cGVHD occurred, with fast immune reconstitution. To test the hypothesis that the direct IB injection could affect the expression of stem cells regulatory pathways, CD34 + cells from BM aspirates at day + 10, + 20, + 30, processed in hypoxic conditions mimicking the BM-microenvironment (7%pO2), were studied for the expression of c-Mpl, Notch1 and CXCR4. We found that the expression of c-Mpl in CD34 + cells at day + 10 significantly correlated with hematological recovery. In conclusion, IB-UCB transplant success is associated with low incidence of GVHD and high-speed platelet recovery; intrabone route may preserve full hematopoietic stemness by direct delivery of UCB stem cells into the hypoxic HSC niche