Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study of CuI Binding to His111 in the Human Prion Protein Fragment 106-115

The ability of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) to bind copper in vivo points to a physiological role for PrPC in copper transport. Six copper binding sites have been identified in the nonstructured N-terminal region of human PrPC. Among these sites, the His111 site is unique in that it contains a MKHM motif that would confer interesting CuI and CuII binding properties. We have evaluated CuI coordination to the PrP(106-115) fragment of the human PrP protein, using NMR and X-ray absorption spectroscopies and electronic structure calculations. We find that Met109 and Met112 play an important role in anchoring this metal ion. CuI coordination to His111 is pH-dependent: at pH >8, 2N1O1S species are formed with one Met ligand; in the range of pH 5-8, both methionine (Met) residues bind to CuI, forming a 1N1O2S species, where N is from His111 and O is from a backbone carbonyl or a water molecule; at pH <5, only the two Met residues remain coordinated. Thus, even upon drastic changes in the chemical environment, such as those occurring during endocytosis of PrPC (decreased pH and a reducing potential), the two Met residues in the MKHM motif enable PrPC to maintain the bound CuI ions, consistent with a copper transport function for this protein. We also find that the physiologically relevant CuI-1N1O2S species activates dioxygen via an inner-sphere mechanism, likely involving the formation of a copper(II) superoxide complex. In this process, the Met residues are partially oxidized to sulfoxide; this ability to scavenge superoxide may play a role in the proposed antioxidant properties of PrPC. This study provides further insight into the CuI coordination properties of His111 in human PrPC and the molecular mechanism of oxygen activation by this site.Fil: Arcos López, Trinidad. Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzado; MéxicoFil: Qayyum, Munzarin. University of Stanford; Estados UnidosFil: Rivillas Acevedo, Lina. Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzado; MéxicoFil: Miotto, Marco César. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario; Argentina. Max Planck Laboratory for Structural Biology; ArgentinaFil: Grande Aztatzi, Rafael. Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzado; MéxicoFil: Fernandez, Claudio Oscar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario; Argentina. Max Planck Laboratory for Structural Biology; ArgentinaFil: Hedman, Britt. University of Stanford; Estados UnidosFil: Hodgson, Keith O.. University of Stanford; Estados UnidosFil: Vela, Alberto. Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzado; MéxicoFil: Solomon, Edward I.. University of Stanford; Estados UnidosFil: Quintanar, Liliana. Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzado; Méxic

Insights into the optimisation of the Clean-In-Place technique: Cleaning, disinfection, and reduced environmental impact using ozone-based formulations

Chemical and food industries are focusing on reducing the economic and environmental impact of cleaning operations. This study aims to analyse the use of alkaline ozonated formulations to remove starch adhering to stainless steel surfaces, improving disinfection of mature biofilms with Listeria and Pseudomonas, and reducing the environmental impact of wastewater. Three key cleaning parameters have been analysed in a lab-simulated Clean-In-Place system (CIP): temperature (20−60 °C), time (20−120 min), and cleaning formulations containing ozone and surfactant (linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, alkylpolyglucoside, fatty ethoxylated alcohol, lauramine oxide) were assayed. Higher temperature, time, and ozone concentration improved starch removal and disinfection of the stainless-steel surfaces, as well as the environmental impact of cleaning wastewater. Therefore, ozone-based CIP protocols could provide new opportunities to achieve cleaner, greener, and safer industries by intensifying cleaning, disinfection, and wastewater treatment in one step, saving operational costs compared to conventional CIP techniques.Grupos de Investigación RNM332 y TEP21

Calorimetric Investigation of Copper Binding in the N-Terminal Region of the Prion Protein at Low Copper Loading: Evidence for an Entropically Favorable First Binding Event

Although the Cu²⁺-binding sites of the prion protein have been well studied when the protein is fully saturated by Cu²⁺, the Cu²⁺-loading mechanism is just beginning to come into view. Because the Cu²⁺-binding modes at low and intermediate Cu²⁺ occupancy necessarily represent the highest-affinity binding modes, these are very likely populated under physiological conditions, and it is thus essential to characterize them in order to understand better the biological function of copper–prion interactions. Besides binding-affinity data, almost no other thermodynamic parameters (e.g., Δ<i>H</i> and Δ<i>S</i>) have been measured, thus leaving undetermined the enthalpic and entropic factors that govern the free energy of Cu²⁺ binding to the prion protein. In this study, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) was used to quantify the thermodynamic parameters (<i>K</i>, Δ<i>G</i>, Δ<i>H</i>, and <i>T</i>Δ<i>S</i>) of Cu²⁺ binding to a peptide, PrP­(23–28, 57–98), that encompasses the majority of the residues implicated in Cu²⁺ binding by full-length PrP. Use of the buffer <i>N</i>-(2-acetomido)-aminoethanesulfonic acid (ACES), which is also a well-characterized Cu²⁺ chelator, allowed for the isolation of the two highest affinity binding events. Circular dichroism spectroscopy was used to characterize the different binding modes as a function of added Cu²⁺. The <i>K</i>_d values determined by ITC, 7 and 380 nM, are well in line with those reported by others. The first binding event benefits significantly from a positive entropy, whereas the second binding event is enthalpically driven. The thermodynamic values associated with Cu²⁺ binding by the Aβ peptide, which is implicated in Alzheimer’s disease, bear striking parallels to those found here for the prion protein

Coastal risk mitigation by green infrastructure in Latin America

This paper aims to highlight the prevailing experiences of Latin America and to clarify what ‘green infrastructure’ entails in addition to describing seven case studies from a range of coastal ecosystems (wetlands, coastal dunes, beaches and coral reefs) at scales varying from local to regional. The case studies are categorised according to their degree of naturalness (nature-based, engineered ecosystems, soft engineering, ecologically enhanced hard infrastructure and de-engineering). Generally, the implementation of green infrastructure projects aims to increase resilience, enhance the provision of ecosystem services, recover biodiversity, reduce the negative effects of hard infrastructure and implement corrective measures. The greatest benefits of these projects relate to the creation of multi-functional spaces, which often combine the above advantages with improved opportunities for recreation and/or economic activities. It is hoped that this paper will disseminate the experience in green infrastructure among academics and practitioners and stimulate wider adoption of green infrastructure projects and good practices

Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgery for indeterminate thyroid nodules (THYCOVID): a retrospective, international, multicentre, cross-sectional study

Background Since its outbreak in early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has diverted resources from non-urgent and elective procedures, leading to diagnosis and treatment delays, with an increased number of neoplasms at advanced stages worldwide. The aims of this study were to quantify the reduction in surgical activity for indeterminate thyroid nodules during the COVID-19 pandemic; and to evaluate whether delays in surgery led to an increased occurrence of aggressive tumours.Methods In this retrospective, international, cross-sectional study, centres were invited to participate in June 22, 2022; each centre joining the study was asked to provide data from medical records on all surgical thyroidectomies consecutively performed from Jan 1, 2019, to Dec 31, 2021. Patients with indeterminate thyroid nodules were divided into three groups according to when they underwent surgery: from Jan 1, 2019, to Feb 29, 2020 (global prepandemic phase), from March 1, 2020, to May 31, 2021 (pandemic escalation phase), and from June 1 to Dec 31, 2021 (pandemic decrease phase). The main outcomes were, for each phase, the number of surgeries for indeterminate thyroid nodules, and in patients with a postoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancers, the occurrence of tumours larger than 10 mm, extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastases, vascular invasion, distant metastases, and tumours at high risk of structural disease recurrence. Univariate analysis was used to compare the probability of aggressive thyroid features between the first and third study phases. The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05178186.Findings Data from 157 centres (n=49 countries) on 87 467 patients who underwent surgery for benign and malignant thyroid disease were collected, of whom 22 974 patients (18 052 [78 center dot 6%] female patients and 4922 [21 center dot 4%] male patients) received surgery for indeterminate thyroid nodules. We observed a significant reduction in surgery for indeterminate thyroid nodules during the pandemic escalation phase (median monthly surgeries per centre, 1 center dot 4 [IQR 0 center dot 6-3 center dot 4]) compared with the prepandemic phase (2 center dot 0 [0 center dot 9-3 center dot 7]; p&lt;0 center dot 0001) and pandemic decrease phase (2 center dot 3 [1 center dot 0-5 center dot 0]; p&lt;0 center dot 0001). Compared with the prepandemic phase, in the pandemic decrease phase we observed an increased occurrence of thyroid tumours larger than 10 mm (2554 [69 center dot 0%] of 3704 vs 1515 [71 center dot 5%] of 2119; OR 1 center dot 1 [95% CI 1 center dot 0-1 center dot 3]; p=0 center dot 042), lymph node metastases (343 [9 center dot 3%] vs 264 [12 center dot 5%]; OR 1 center dot 4 [1 center dot 2-1 center dot 7]; p=0 center dot 0001), and tumours at high risk of structural disease recurrence (203 [5 center dot 7%] of 3584 vs 155 [7 center dot 7%] of 2006; OR 1 center dot 4 [1 center dot 1-1 center dot 7]; p=0 center dot 0039).Interpretation Our study suggests that the reduction in surgical activity for indeterminate thyroid nodules during the COVID-19 pandemic period could have led to an increased occurrence of aggressive thyroid tumours. However, other compelling hypotheses, including increased selection of patients with aggressive malignancies during this period, should be considered. We suggest that surgery for indeterminate thyroid nodules should no longer be postponed even in future instances of pandemic escalation.Funding None.Copyright (c) 2023 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Vasectomías en Colombia: ¿cómo adaptar los servicios de salud a las necesidades de los hombres?

Objective: to conduct a sociodemographic characterization of the men undergoing vasectomies in Colombia in order to generate evidence to guide the process of adapting healthcare services to the needs of men with an approach based on gender equity. Methodology: A descriptive study which used the 2015 "National Survey of Demography and Health" and the records of individuals who used the vasectomy services of Profamilia (Association for the Well-being of the Colombian Family) during 2015 and 2016. The variables used were: age, schooling level, place of residence, ethnicity, residence stratum, marital status, number of children born alive and variables related to gender roles. Results: The amount of men using vasectomy services has increased, although not with the expected intensity. In general terms, the men who decide to undergo vasectomy in Colombia are aged 30 to 40 years, from Resumo Objetivo: Caracterizar sócio demograficamente aos homens que se praticam vasectomias na Colômbia, para gerar evidencia que oriente a adaptação dos serviços de saúde, com um foco de equidade de género, nas necessidades dos homens. Métodos: Estudo descritivo baseado no “Enquete Nacional de Demografia e Saúde” do 2015, e do cadastro dos utentes que acessaram ao serviço da vasectomia na Associação Pro bem-estar da Família Colombiana (Pro família) durante os anos 2015 e 2016. As variáveis empregadas foram: etária, grau de escolaridade, local de moradia, origem étnica, estrato da vivenda, estado civil, número de filhos nascidos vivos e as variáveis alusivas com roles de sexo. Resultantes: A percentagem dos varões que acessam numa vasectomia tem se acrescentado, ainda que não com a intensidade esperada. Nos termos gerais, a descrição do homem que escolhe realizar-se a vasectomia na Colômbia é dum jovem entre os 30 e 40 anos, dos estratos 2 e 3, morador nas zonas urbanas, pelo menos com um grau escolar de básica secundaria, casado e com filhos, e contribuinte pro sistema de saúde. Se enxergou a persistência de barreiras de jeito social e cultural que afetam o emprego deste método anticonceptivo. Conclusões: Este estudo permitiu uma aproximação ao perfil do homem colombiano que se realiza a vasectomia. Recomendações: Ampliar a vasectomia como opcional disponível e de fácil acesso para os homens; eliminar estereótipos do género, e empolgar aos homens e as mulheres pra que compartilhem responsabilidades anticoncepcionais; customizar modelos de atenção na saúde sexual e reprodutiva mais inclusivos e de olho também nos requerimentos dos varões. ----------Palavras chave: vasectomia, saúde sexual, saúde reprodutiva, género e saúde, anticoncepção. strata 2 and 3, live in urban areas, their schooling level is at least secondary education, are married and with children, and contribute to the health system. Social and cultural barriers were observed which affect the usage of this contraceptive method. Conclusions: This study made it possible to have a first glimpse of the profile of the Colombian men undergoing vasectomy. Recommendations: to extend vasectomy as an option available and readily accessible for men. Avoiding gender stereotypes and encouraging men and women to share contraceptive responsibilities. Implementing sexual and reproductive healthcare models that are more inclusive and also focused on the needs of menObjetivo: caracterizar sociodemográficamente a los hombres que se practican vasectomías en Colombia, para generar evidencia que oriente la adaptación de los servicios de salud con un enfoque de equidad de género a las necesidades de los hombres. Métodos: estudio descriptivo a partir de la Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud (ENDS, 2015) y del registro de los usuarios que accedieron al servicio de vasectomía en Profamilia durante los años 2015 y2016. Las variables utilizadas fueron edad, nivel de escolaridad, lugar de residencia, pertenencia étnica, estrato de residencia, estado civil, número de hijos nacidos vivos y variables relacionadas con roles de género. Resultados: El porcentaje de hombres que acceden a la vasectomía ha aumentado, aunque no con la intensidad esperada. En términos generales, el perfil del hombre que deciden realizarse la vasectomía en Colombia es joven entre 30 y 40 años de los estratos 2 y 3, residente en zonas urbanas, al menos con un nivel educativo de básica secundaria, casado y con hijos, y, contribuyentes al sistema de salud. Se observó la persistencia de barreras de tipo social y cultural que afectan el uso de este método anticonceptivo. Conclusiones: Este estudio permitió identificar el perfil del hombre colombiano que se realiza la vasectomía. Recomendaciones: ampliar la vasectomía como opción disponible y de fácil acceso para los hombres; eliminar estereotipos de género y promover que hombres y mujeres compartan responsabilidades anticonceptivas; implementar modelos de atención en salud sexual y reproductiva más inclusivos y centrados también las necesidades de los hombres

HTA and MCDA solely or combined? The case of priority-setting in Colombia

Abstract Background All healthcare systems face problems of justice and efficiency related to setting priorities for allocating limited financial resources. Therefore, explicit decision-making in healthcare depicted as a continuum from evidence generation to deliberation and communication of the decision made, needs to be transparent and fair. Nevertheless, priority-setting in many parts of the world remains being implicit and ad-hoc process. Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) have emerged as policy tools to assist informed decision-making. Both, MCDA and HTA have pros and cons. Main body Colombia experienced an important institutional transformation after the establishment of the Health Technology Assessment Institute in 2012. This paper briefly presents the current challenges of the Colombian health system, the general features of the new health sector reform, the main characteristics of HTA in Colombia and the potential benefits and caveats of incorporating MCDA approaches into the decision-making process. Conclusion Structured and objective consideration of the factors that are both measurable and value-based in an open and transparent manner may be feasible through combining HTA and MCDA in contexts like Colombia. Further testing and validation of HTA and MCDA solely or combined in LMICs are needed to advance these approaches into healthcare decision-making worldwide

Progreso en el logro de los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio: la mortalidad por cáncer de cérvix desciende en Colombia

Two years before the deadline set for the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (mdg), Colombia is experiencing a steady decline in the incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer during the 2000-2010 decade. During this time, the mortality rate decreased significantly for women of all ages (11,4% in 1998 – 6,9 in 2011; goal for 2015: 6,8%) and the ratio of in-situ cases detected in time increased (63,31% in 2012). Colombia perceives cancer as a public health problem and managed to include it in the public agenda. Similarly, the changes in the population's knowledge and self-care practices resulted in increased prognosis among patients. In spite of these advances, the Country continues focusing its efforts on reducing incidence and mortality rates, increasing levels of technology, promoting further development in the regions and substantially improving woman's right to be protected against this disease via full access to screening programs and treatments for cervical cancer. Finally, the Country also focuses on wider inclusion of the hpv vaccine with an interval of 5 years, as it has more potential, especially for younger women. The main question today is how to accelerate this progress for other mdg indicators by 2015 and how to provide enough examples of effective and appropriate strategies along with evidence of experiences in a Latin American context.Colômbia a dois anos de cumprir-se o prazo estabelecido para a consecução dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milênio (ODM), tem conseguido uma diminuição progressiva nas taxas de incidência e mortalidade por câncer de colo do útero durante o decênio 2000 - 2010. Neste período, a taxa de mortalidade diminuiu expressivamente para as mulheres de todas as idades (11,4% em 1998 - 6,9 em 2011, meta a 2015:) 6,8%) e aumentou a proporção de casos in situ detectados oportunamente (63,31% em 2012). A Colômbia assumiu o câncer como um problema de saúde pública e conseguiu posicioná-lo na agenda pública.Da mesma maneira, a mudança no conhecimento e autocuidado da população, tiveram como resultado um aumento no prognóstico das pacientes. A pesar destes avanços, o país continua reunindo esforços para reduzir as taxas de incidência e mortalidade, aumentar os níveis de tecnologia e promover maior desenvolvimento nas regiões, melhorar substancialmente o direito das mulheres a serem protegidas contra esta doença, através do acesso sem obstáculos aos programas de peneiração e tratamento do câncer de colo do útero.E finalmente, a inclusão mais ampla da vacina contra o HPV com intervalo de cada 5 anos, e que tem um maior potencial, especialmente entre as mulheres mais jovens. A pergunta chave na atualidade é como acelerar esse ritmo de progresso em outros indicadores odm para 2015, e oferecer suficientes exemplos de estratégias eficazes e adequadas, e fornecer experiências em um contexto latino-americano.ResumenColombia cumpliendo en 2015 la fecha establecida para el alcance de los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio (odm), ha logrado un descenso progresivo en las tasas de incidencia y mortalidad por cáncer de cuello uterino durante el decenio 2000 - 2010. En este período, la tasa de mortalidad descendió significativamente para las mujeres de todas las edades (11,4% en 1998 – 6,9 en 2011, meta a 2015: 6,8%) y aumentó la proporción de casos in situ detectados oportunamente (63,31% en 2012). Colombia asumió el cáncer como un problema de salud pública y logró posicionarlo en la agenda pública. De igual forma, el cambio en el conocimiento y el autocuidado de la población, dieron como resultado un aumento en el pronóstico de las pacientes. A pesar de estos avances, el país continúa concentrando esfuerzos en reducir tasas de incidencia y mortalidad, aumentar los niveles de tecnología y promover mayor desarrollo en las regiones, mejorar sustancialmente el derecho de las mujeres a ser protegidas contra esta enfermedad, a través de acceso sin barreras a los programas de tamización y tratamientos del cáncer de cuello uterino. Y finalmente, la inclusión más amplia de la vacuna contra el vph con intervalo de cada 5 años, y que tiene un mayor potencial, especialmente entre las mujeres más jóvenes. La pregunta clave hoy en día es cómo acelerar ese ritmo de progreso en los indicadores propuestos por la agenda para el desarrollo después del 2015: Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ods), y ofrecer suficientes ejemplos de estrategias eficaces y adecuadas, y proporcionar experiencias en un contexto latinoamericano. AbstractTwo years before the deadline set for the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG), Colombia is experiencing a steady decline in the incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer during the 2000-2010 decade. During this time, the mortality rate decreased significantly for womenof all ages (11,4% in 1998 – 6,9 in 2011; goal for 2015: 6,8%) and the ratio of in-situ cases detected in time increased (63,31% in 2012). Colombia perceives cancer as a public health problem and managed to include it in the public agenda. Similarly, the changes in the population's knowledge and self-care practices resulted in increased prognosis among patients. In spite ofthese advances, the Country continues focusing its efforts on reducing incidence and mortality rates, increasing levels of technology, promoting further development in the regions and substantially improving woman's right to be protected against this disease via full access to screening programs andtreatments for cervical cancer. Finally, the Country also focuses on wider inclusion of the HPV vaccine with an interval of 5 years, as it has more potential, especially for younger women. The main question today is how to accelerate this progress for other MDG indicators by 2015 and how to provide enough examples of effective and appropriate strategies along with evidence of experiences in a Latin American context. ResumoColômbia a dois anos de cumprir-se o prazo estabelecido para a consecução dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milênio (ODM), tem conseguido uma diminuição progressiva nas taxas de incidência e mortalidade por câncer de colo do útero durante o decênio 2000 - 2010. Neste período, a taxa de mortalidade diminuiu expressivamente para as mulheres de todas as idades (11,4% em 1998 - 6,9 em 2011, meta a 2015:) 6,8%) e aumentou a proporção de casos in situ detectados oportunamente (63,31% em 2012). A Colômbia assumiuo câncer como um problema de saúde pública e conseguiu posicioná-lo na agenda pública.Da mesma maneira, a mudança no conhecimento e autocuidado da população, tiveram como resultado um aumento no prognóstico das pacientes. A pesar destes avanços, o país continua reunindo esforços para reduzir as taxas de incidência e mortalidade, aumentar os níveis de tecnologia e promover maior desenvolvimento nas regiões, melhorar substancialmente o direito das mulheres a serem protegidas contra esta doença, através do acesso sem obstáculos aos programas de peneiração e tratamento do câncer de colo do útero.E finalmente, a inclusão mais ampla da vacinacontra o HPV com intervalo de cada 5 anos, e que tem um maior potencial, especialmente entre as mulheres mais jovens. A pergunta chave na atualidade é como acelerar esse ritmo de progresso em outros indicadores ODM para 2015, e oferecer suficientes exemplos de estratégias eficazes e adequadas, e fornecer experiências em um contexto latino-americano

Observatorio Nacional de Cáncer Colombia

In Colombia, cancer is a public health problem on the rise that has major psycho-affective, social and economic repercussions. This poses a challenge for the health system. According to the statistics presented by Globocan, in 2012 approximately 104 people died each day in Colombia from this disease, and196 developed it. This requires generating timely, effective and articulated interventions to promote protective factors, increase early detection, reduce avoidable disability and mortality, improve the quality of life of affected patients and ensure cost-effective health system performance. Although brief figures are presented to review the status of cancer in the country, this paper's authors do not intend to provide statistical data that has already been made available by the Ministry of Health and Social Protection, the National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Health and the Cancer Population Recordsof Colombia. Instead, this article aims to broadly describe the progress and developments of the National Cancer Observatory (NCO) of Colombia within the National Information System on Cancer (SINCan). It also describes the cancer information sources available in SISPRO, the set of indicators to monitorthe status of this disease in the Country, the analysis plans and the information output mechanisms (channels of access and dissemination of evidence and relevant publications) as the necessary tools to properly manage the knowledge on mortality, morbidity, health service access and actions to reduce cancerinequalities in Colombia.En Colombia el cáncer es un problema de salud pública en aumento, que representa grandes repercusiones psicoafectivas, sociales y económicas imponiendo un reto para el sistema de salud. Según las estadísticas del Globocan, para Colombia en el año 2012, aproximadamente 104 personas fallecieron cada día por esta enfermedad y 196 personas enfermaron de cáncer. Esto exige generar intervenciones oportunas, eficaces y articuladas para promover los factores protectores, aumentar la detección temprana, reducir la discapacidad y mortalidad evitables, mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes afectados, así como asegurar un desempeño costo-efectivo del sistema sanitario. Aunque se presentan unas cifras breves para revisar el panorama del cáncer en el país, no es el propósito de este artículo proporcionar información estadística que ya se encuentra disponible en el Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social, el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (inc), el Instituto Nacional de Salud (ins) y los registros poblacionales de cáncer en el país. En su lugar, este artículo describe de forma general los avances y desarrollos del Observatorio Nacional de Cáncer (onc) Colombia en el marco del Sistema de Información Nacional en Cáncer SINCan, puntualizando las fuentes de información en cáncer disponibles en sispro, el set de indicadores para monitorear el panorama en el país, los planes de análisis y las salidas de información (canales de acceso y divulgación de la evidencia y publicaciones relevantes) como herramientas necesarias para gestionar adecuadamente el conocimiento sobre mortalidad, morbilidad, acceso a servicios y acciones para reducir las desigualdades en cáncer en Colombia.

Conocimientos y percepciones de niñas, niños y adolescentes sobre la sexualidad

Objective: To explore children knowledge and perceptions about sexuality, exercise of sexual and reproductive rights and sex education. Methodology: A qualitative study was conducted through 25 semi-structured interviews with girls, boys and adolescents from 9 to 14 years old, in eight prioritized municipalities in Colombia. Results: In all the municipalities there was a widespread ignorance about the issues addressed, as well as reduced meanings and extremely negative perceptions about sexuality, sex education and sexual and reproductive rights and health; additionally were found strong gender stereotypes. Conclusions: perceptions and negative connotations assigned to the concepts that were inquired, accounted the limited and precarious sex education that girls and boys from these municipalities have received, whichmean that, despite that in the country there is a favorable legal framework and goals related to the comprehensive approach of sexuality from early childhood, these are not being met.  Objetivo: Explorar o conhecimiento e as percepções de meninas e meninos sobre a sexualidade, o exercício dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos e a educação sexual. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo realizado por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com 25 meninas, meninos e adolescentes entre os nove e os 14 anos, em oito municípios priorizados da Colômbia. Resultados: Em todos os municípios foi encontrado um desconhecimiento generalisado sobre as questões abordadas, bem como significados reduzidos e percepções extremadamente negativas sobre a sexualidade, a educação sexual, os direitos esxuais e reprodutivos e a saúde sexual, e também fortos estereótipos de gênero. Conclusões: Os conhecimentos e as conotações negativas atribuídas aos conceitos o que foram preguntados, dão conta da educação sexual limitada e precária recebida por meninos, meninas e adolescentes desses municipios, o que significa, que a pesar de que o país tem um marco legal favorável e metas relacionadas com o abordagem integral da sexualidade desde a prmeira infancia, estes não estão sendo atendidos.Objetivo: Explorar los conocimientos y las percepciones de algunas niñas, niños y adolescentes respecto a la sexualidad, el ejercicio de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos, y la educación sexual. Metodología: se realizó un estudio cualitativo, a partir de 25 entrevistas semiestructuradas a personas de entre 9 y 14 años, en 8 municipios priorizados de Colombia. Resultados: En todos los municipios se encontró un desconocimiento generalizado de los temas abordados, así como significados reducidos y percepciones en extremo negativas sobre la sexualidad, la educación sexual, los derechos sexuales y reproductivos, y la salud sexual, a lo quese suman fuertes estereotipos de género. Conclusiones: Los conocimientos y las connotaciones negativas asignadas a los conceptos por los que se preguntó dan cuenta de la limitada y precaria educación sexual que han recibido niñas, niños y adolescentes de estos municipios, lo que significa que aunque en el país existe un marco legal propicio y unas metas relacionadas con el abordaje integral de la sexualidad desde la primera infancia, estos no se están cumpliendo