ANTIOXIDANT METABOLISM IN WATER STRESSED PEANUT TREATED WITH DINICONAZOLE

The response of alpha-tocopherol, glutathione and ascorbate was studied in peanut (Arachis hypogea L., cv. NC-17)  subjected  to water  stress  and  treated with  a  triazole  fungicide,  diniconazole  (DINI).  There was  no significant  difference  in  alpha-tocopherol  levels  between  control  and DINI  treated  plants. However,  a  14% increase was observed in alpha-tocopherol level in DINI treated, water stressed plants compared to water stressed plants. Total glutathione  in DINI  treated  stressed plants  increased by 13  and  31% over  control and water stressed plants, respectively. Ascorbate levels decreased significantly in all treatments compared to the control. These results indicate that DINI alleviates the oxidative damage caused by water stress by increasing total glutathione levels. However, DINI does not seem to affect alpha-tocopherol and ascorbate levels in peanuts under water stress

Antioxidant Metabolism in Water Stressed Peanut Treated with Diniconazole

The response of alpha-tocopherol, glutathione and ascorbate was studied in peanut (Arachis hypogea L., cv. NC-17) subjected to water stress and treated with a triazole fungicide, diniconazole (DINI). There was no significant difference in alpha-tocopherol levels between control and DINI treated plants. However, a 14% increase was observed in alpha-tocopherol level in DINI treated, water stressed plants compared to water stressed plants. Total glutathione in DINI treated stressed plants increased by 13 and 31% over control and water stressed plants, respectively. Ascorbate levels decreased significantly in all treatments compared to the control. These results indicate that DINI alleviates the oxidative damage caused by water stress by increasing total glutathione levels. However, DINI does not seem to affect alpha-tocopherol and ascorbate levels in peanuts under water stress

Problemas Integradores. Vía Para La Activación Del Aprendizaje

The objective of the paper is to offer problems based on the integration of contents that contribute to the activation of the teaching-learning process of students in the Chemistry- Physics discipline of the Chemistry Education career of the University of Camag ey Theoretical research methods were used in order to systematize pedagogical theories that lead to a more active involvement of students in their learning process Likewise the results achieved from its implementation in the educational practice in the last three years are described showing a qualitative and quantitative leap in the quality of learnin

A Sustainable Approach for the Downstream Processing of Bacterial Polyhydroxyalkanoates: State-of-the-art and latest developments

Bioplastics have emerged as a platform to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a family of biodegradable polyesters with large potential in consumer goods and medical applications. These polymers accumulate in prokaryotic microbes and their recovery is a challenging, often under explored, operation. In the past, oil-derived solvents and chemicals have been widely used as extracting agents, compromising the “environmentally-friendly” claim of bioplastics. Furthermore, the large amount of chemicals and solvents required at the industrial level would negatively impact the economics of the process. The present review presents the latest advances in the field of downstream operations for PHA recovery emphasizing those green technologies with scaling-up feasibility. As for the upstream and fermentation stages, the extraction process needs to be carefully optimized to accomplish a competitive production of PHAs

Enfermedades del frijol

Diseases are one of the limiting factors to bean production in L.A. The prevalency and severity of the disease depends on the quantity of inoculum existing in the region, environmental conditions and the quality of the seed used. Data are given on geographic distribution, favorable climatic conditions for development, symptomatology, vectors, type of damage caused and control measures, including var. resistant to (1) fungal diseases, the most numerous and causing the most damage: rust, anthracnose, angular leaf spot, root rot, web blight, gray spot, powdery mildew; (2) virus diseases, some of economic importance transmitted by aphids (BCMV, BYMV); transmitted by whiteflies (BGMV, bean chlorotic mottle, euphorbia mosaic); transmitted by chrysomelids (BRMV, pod mottle, BSMV, yellow mottle); (3) bacterial diseases are few but can be a serious limitation to the crop: common and fuscous blights, halo blight; and (4) nematodes: Meloidogyne sp., Trichodorus spp., Pratylenchus spp., Heterodera spp. (CIAT

A Poglut1 mutation causes a muscular dystrophy with reduced Notch signaling and satellite cell loss

Skeletal muscle regeneration by muscle satellite cells is a physiological mechanism activated upon muscle damage and regulated by Notch signaling. In a family with autosomal recessive limbgirdle muscular dystrophy, we identified a missense mutation in POGLUT1 (protein O-glucosyltransferase 1), an enzyme involved in Notch posttranslational modification and function. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the mutation reduces Oglucosyltransferase activity on Notch and impairs muscle development. Muscles from patients revealed decreased Notch signaling, dramatic reduction in satellite cell pool and a muscle-specific adystroglycan hypoglycosylation not present in patients’ fibroblasts. Primary myoblasts from patients showed slow proliferation, facilitated differentiation, and a decreased pool of quiescent PAX7+ cells. A robust rescue of the myogenesis was demonstrated by increasing Notch signaling. None of these alterations were found in muscles from secondary dystroglycanopathy patients. These data suggest that a key pathomechanism for this novel form of muscular dystrophy is Notch-dependent loss of satellite cells.Junta de Andalucía PI-0017-201

Grain Sorting Effects on Geochemical Characteristics of Sulfide Mine Tailings: a Case Study

The geochemical evolution of a sulfide mine tailings impoundment in SW Spain was studied. The impoundment was selected because of its small size and its tailings deposition system with a simple discharge point. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that mineral segregation associated to hydraulic sorting has significant effects on the geochemical characteristics and the long term weathering. Tailings samples were collected along depth profiles in three sampling points (proximal, central and distal to the point of discharge), and characterized by color, grain size, pH, acid-base account and chemical elements concentration, with the help of routine XRD analysis. Three vertical zones were identified: an upper oxidized zone, a transition intermediate zone, and an unoxidized zone. The analytical results indicate a segregation pattern in the unoxidized tailings based on differences in size and density of tailings grains. Near the discharge point, tailings were coarser and rich in pyrite, whereas the proportion of silicates increased from proximal to distal points. This results in a clear zoning which has consequences on geochemical and mineralogical evolution under weathering, showing substantial differences in the depth of the oxidation front, the acid generation and neutralization capacity, the formation of Fe secondary phases (jarosite) and the total content of the sulfide-related elements (Fe, As, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd). The results of the study can serve to improve the theoretical bases for the development of conceptual models for predicting environmental impacts associated with sulfide tailings impoundments. Recently, the impoundment has been covered with a soil cover. This fact offers the possibility of new research on its evolution under new conditions

Editorial: Teaching history in the era of globalization: epistemological and methodological challenges

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need of several changes within the field of History Education. Firstly, the need of a methodological change that integrates active learning methods, digital resources, and emerging technologies in order to attend the non-presential lessons for the students. Secondly, the need of a multicultural approach on teaching history, social, and gender equality moving away from supremacists' dogma. It is necessary for teachers to change their conception of why and for what reasons they teach history. This need has become more acute with the COVID-19 pandemic: fighting vs. hate speeches through argumentation and critical analysis of sources to avoid fake news and to develop a learning perception evidences. This Research Topic is focused both on Primary and Secondary Education, but also on Higher Education, considering History teachers training courses. Particularly, this book focuses to know the development of the skills of active and future History teachers who are trained at programs at universities to bring a profound methodological and content change in the way History is taught..

La mortalidad por cáncer en las comarcas de cataluña (1983–1989)

ResumenObjectivosComparar la mortalidad intercomarcal de Cataluña para algunos de los tumores malignos más frecuentes.MetodologíaSe han analizado los datos globales y de cinco localizaciones tumorales específicas relativos a la mortalidad por cáncer de un período de siete años (1983-1989). Se han obtenido las tasas brutas de mortalidad y las específicas para cada localización analizada. La comparación intercomarcal se ha realizado ajustando las tasas por edad mediante el método directo, tomando como referencia la población de Cataluña de 1986. Se han calculado las razones comparativas de mortalidad (RCM) de cada comarca respecto a Cataluña.ResultadosLa mortalidad global por cáncer es más alta en la comarca del Barcelonés para los hombres y en la de Osona para las mujeres. La RCM de los hombres del Barcelonés es la más alta para el cáncer de tráquea, bronquios y pulmón; la de la comarca del Solsonés es la más alta para el cáncer de estómago, y la de la Cerdanya es la más alta para el cáncer de colon y recto. Entre las mujeres, la RCM más alta para el cáncer de tráquea, bronquios y pulmón la presenta la comarca del Montsiá, para el cáncer de mama la del Baix Empordá y para el cáncer de estómago la del Alt Urgell.ConclusionesEl análisis comparativo de la mortalidad por cáncer, por comarcas y por sexos, permite observar importantes diferencias en la manifestación del fenómeno, lo cual puede orientar de manera más específica las políticas de control del cáncer y de investigación a desarrollar en cada territorio.SummaryObjectivesTo compare mortality among counties (comarques) in Catalonia, Spain for the most frequent malignant tumors.MethodsOverall mortality data and for five specific tumor sites were analyzed for a five-year period (1983-1989). Crude and site-specific mortality rates were computed. The comparison between counties was adjusted for the 1986 population of Catalonia using the direct method. Comparative mortality ratios (CMR) were obtained for each county with respect to Catalonia.ResultsOverall cancer mortality was higher in the Barcelonés for men and in Osona form women. The CMR for men in the Barcelonés was the highest for cancer of the trachea, bronchi and lungs; the CMR in Solsonés was the highest for stomach cancer, while in Cerdanya it was the highest for colorectal cancer. Among women, the highest CMR for cancer of the trachea, bronchi and lungs was in Montsiá, whereas for breast cancer it was Baix Empordá, and Alt Urgell for stomach cancer.ConclusionsComparative analyses of cancer mortality by county in Catalonia and sex underscores differences in its distribution, allowing the orientation of cancer control policies and research to be developed in each geographical area