Editorial: Multidisciplinary management of cancer patients with immune-related adverse events from checkpoint inhibitors

Cancer; Immunotherapy; ToxicityCáncer; Inmunoterapia; ToxicidadCàncer; Immunoteràpia; Toxicita

Sobre distâncias e proximidades entre o espanhol e o português do Brasil

IX Congresso Brasileiro de Hispanistas realizado nos dias 22 a 25 agosto 2016Estudos preliminares (González (1994), Kulikowski & González (1999)) mostram uma distancia tipológica entre a língua española e o portugués do Brasil. E, por isso, em certos pontos suas gramáticas se aproximam ou se distanciam mais. Além disso, as diferenças entre as gramáticas materna e de língua estrangeira são sensíveis ao fato de que a primeira língua é configuracionalmente mais próxima, como é o caso do português, ou mais distante, como seria o caso de uma língua como o inglês. Neste artigo, buscamos tratar como os estudos linguísticos de natureza mental, particularmente os de Chomsky veem o processo de aquisição de uma língua por uma criança. Interessanos, ainda, estudar o processo de aquisição de uma língua estrangeira quando há menor distância entre a língua estrangeira e a língua materna, como é o caso do português do Brasil (PB) e o espanhol. Diante do exposto, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar testes aplicados a falantes de português do Brasil aprendendo espanhol como língua estrangeira e a falantes de espanhol de diferentes variedades aprendendo português como língua estrangeira. Os dados apresentados revelam que a proximidade entre as duas línguas produz, seja no caso dos falantes de português do Brasil ou no caso dos falantes de espanhol, transferências que informam muito sobre a distância entre as duas línguas. Ou seja, suas línguas maternas estão presentes e tais línguas impõem aos aprendizes uma hierarquia de dificuldades\ facilidadesUNILA­-UNIOEST

Immunotherapy and the Spectrum of Kidney Disease: Should We Individualize the Treatment?

Chronic kidney disease; Dialysis; ImmunotherapyEnfermedad renal cronica; Diálisis; InmunoterapiaMalaltia renal crònica; Diàlisi; ImmunoteràpiaThe new targeted cancer therapies including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been demonstrated to improve the survival of oncological patients, even in cases of metastatic cancer. In the past 5 years, several studies have revealed that ICI can produce several immune-mediated toxicities involving different organs, such as the skin, the gastrointestinal tract, the liver, and, of course, the kidney. The most frequent lesion of immunotoxicity in the kidney is acute interstitial nephritis (AIN), although other nephropathies have also been described as a consequence of the use of ICI, such as glomerulonephritis and acute thrombotic microangiopathy, among others. In addition, kidney rejection has also been reported in kidney transplant patients treated with ICI. Normally randomized clinical trials with ICI exclude patients with end-stage kidney disease, namely, patients undergoing dialysis and kidney transplant patients. Several important questions need to be addressed in relation to immunotherapy and patients with kidney disease: (a) when to start corticosteroid therapy in a patient with suspected acute kidney injury (AKI) related to ICI, (b) the moment of nephrologist referral and kidney biopsy indication, (c) management of ICI in patients undergoing dialysis, and (d) the effect of ICI in kidney transplantation, immunosuppressive personalized treatment, and risk of allograft rejection in kidney transplant patients. The objective of this review was to summarize the recently published literature on a wide spectrum of kidney disease patients with cancer and ICI. This review will address three main important groups of individuals with kidney disease and cancer immunotherapy, AKI associated with ICI, patients undergoing dialysis, and kidney transplant recipients. We believe that the information provided in this review will enlighten the personalized ICI treatment in individuals with a broader spectrum of kidney diseases.This research was funded by ISCIIII-FEDER and ISCIII-RETICS REDinREN, Grant Numbers PI17/00257, PI21/01292, RD16/0009/0030, and RICORS RD21/0005/0016. Enfermedad Glomerular Compleja del Sistema Nacional de Salud (CSUR), enfermedades glomerulares complejas

LEITURA EM LÍNGUA ESTRANGEIRA NO ENSINO MÉDIO: uma experiência em Roraima

Este artigo tem por objetivos verificar a relevância do trabalho de leitura com bases nas estratégias deleitura interacional no Ensino Médio e avaliar se o uso lúdico do texto literário facilita a aprendizagem em espanhollíngua estrangeira. Parte-se das hipóteses de que há pouca recorrência do texto literário no ensino de línguaestrangeira e de que a leitura do texto literário com estratégias interacionais contribui para a facilitação da de suaaprendizagem. Para tanto, utilizo os subsídios teóricos de leitura, da análise do discurso e gênero discursivo, dotexto literário e da estrutura do conto. Os resultados indicam caminhos para a abordagem didática do texto literário(doravante TL) e ampliam as reflexões sobre seu uso nas aulas espanhol, principalmente em região de fronteiracomo a nossa em Roraima.Palavras-chave: Leitura. Estratégias interacionais. Texto literário. Ensino de espanhol. READING IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN SECONDARY EDUCATION: an experiencein RoraimaAbstract: This article aims to verify the relevance of reading activities based on interactional reading strategies inhigh school and assess if use of the literary text facilitates the learning of Spanish as a foreign language. I begin withthe hypothesis that there is little recourse to literary text in the teaching of foreign language and that the reading ofliterary texts based on interactional strategies contributes to facilitate foreign language learning. To that end, I makeuse of theoretical reading base, discourse and discourse genre analysis, the literary text and the story structure. Theresults indicate paths for the teaching approach of the literary text and extend the reflections on the use of the literarytext (LT) in Spanish classes, especially in the border region with Roraima, where we are located.Keywords: Reading. Interactional Strategies. Literary Text. Spanish Teaching. LECTURA EN LENGUA EXTRANJERA EN LA ENSEÑANZA MEDIA: una experienciaen RoraimaResumen: Este artículo tiene como objetivo verificar la relevancia del trabajo de la lectura con bases en estrategiasde lectura interactiva en la escuela secundaria y evaluar si el uso lúdico del texto literario facilita el aprendizajede español como lengua extranjera. Se inicia, con la hipótesis de que hay poca recurrencia texto literario en laenseñanza de lenguas extranjeras y la lectura de textos literarios con las estrategias de interacción contribuyen ala facilitación del aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras. Para ello, he utilizado la lectura de subsidios teóricos sobreel análisis del discurso y el género discursivo, el texto literario y la estructura del cuento. Los resultados indican loscaminos para el enfoque de la enseñanza del texto literario y amplían las reflexiones sobre el uso del texto literario(desde ahora TL) en clases de español, sobre todo en la región fronteriza como la nuestra en Roraima.Palabras clave: Lectura. Estrategia interacional. Texto literario. La enseñanza del español

Logistics business model evolution: digital platforms and connected and autonomous vehicles as disruptors

Business models are being transformed by increasing digitalization of the economy and the emergence of technological systems. In logistics, through innovation and the implementation of information processing systems using digital platforms and the integration of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAV), the transformation of business models is being bolstered. However, the digitalization of the business fabric and the predisposition to integrate into logistics platforms will condition business evolution. This paper aims to reveal the evolutionary trends in the business models of companies in the road freight transport sector, and also to outline the benefits and main barriers faced by managers in creating, delivering, and capturing value in a business environment characterized by the emergence of new business models, digital logistics platforms and CAVs. Through qualitative research based on interviews with strategy managers and senior executives from mobility and technology companies, the findings reveal the importance of business integration on digital platforms to optimize resources and deliver better services. By managing aggregated data from CAVs, digital platforms will enable personalized and comprehensive services through omni-channel delivery. By creating single interfaces for contracting, customer care and customer service, platforms enable companies to specialize in specific services and increase profitability while covering complete needs through cross-company collaborations.Universidade de Vigo/CISUGAgencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. PID2020-116040RB-I00Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431B 2022/1

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hepatitis B and C elimination: An EASL survey

Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis C virus; COVID-19 pandemicVirus de la hepatitis B; Virus de la hepatitis C; Pandemia de COVID-19Virus de l'hepatitis B; Virus de l'hepatitis C; Pandèmia del COVID-19Background & Aims The World Health Organization (WHO) HBV and HCV elimination targets, set in 2016 and based on projections to 2030, were unable to consider the impact of intervening factors. To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on viral hepatitis elimination programs, the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) conducted a survey in liver centers worldwide in 2021. Methods A web-based questionnaire was distributed (May-July 2021) to all EASL members representing clinical units providing HBV and HCV hepatitis care. Results are expressed as absolute numbers and reduction rates for each care activity. Results Data were collected from 32 European and 12 non-European clinical centers. Between January 2019 (pre-pandemic) and December 2020 (during the pandemic), chronic HBV consultations decreased by 32% and 26%, new referrals by 38% and 39%, HBV testing rates by 39% and 21% (for HBsAg detection) and 30% and 22% (for HBV DNA detection), and new HBV treatments by 20% and 44% (p = 0.328) in European and non-European centers, respectively. With regard to HCV during the same time frame, the overall reductions were 39% and 50% for consultations, 49% and 49% for new referrals, 11% and 38% for HCV RNA detection, and 51% and 54% for new HCV antiviral treatments for European and non-European Centers, respectively (p = 0.071). Conclusions All steps in the viral hepatitis care cascade have been hampered by the COVID-19 pandemic, with a comparable impact across different centers. These data reaffirm the pandemic’s major effect on global viral hepatitis elimination programs and suggest that actions to achieve the WHO 2030 targets should be reconsidered and revised to account for each country's progress relative to pre-pandemic values

Chronic hepatitis D associated with worse patient-reported outcomes than chronic hepatitis B

Hepatitis vírica; Qualitat de vida relacionada amb la salut; Malaltia hepàtica crònicaHepatitis viral; Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud; Enfermedad crónica del hígadoViral hepatitis; Health-related quality of life; Chronic Liver DiseaseBackground & Aims Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) determined by patient-reported outcomes (PROs) is impaired in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and C patients, but there are no data regarding patients with chronic hepatitis D (CHD). The aim of this study was to assess PRO scores in untreated patients with CHD and compare them with those obtained for patients with CHB. Methods Patients with CHD completed 3 PRO instruments (Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire [CLDQ], Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Fatigue [FACIT-F], and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment [WPAI]), and the results were compared with those of patients mono-infected with CHB. Results In total, 125 patients were included: 43 with CHD and 82 with CHB. Overall, baseline PROs showed differences between both groups. Several assessments, such as the worry score from CLDQ (p = 0.0118), functional well-being from FACIT-F (p = 0.0281), and activity impairment from WPAI (p = 0.0029) showed a significant trend to worse scores in patients with CHD than with CHB. In addition, the linear regression model supports the finding that having CHD as opposed to having CHB was a predictor of a higher worry score (CLDQ) and a higher activity impairment (WPAI). Conclusions In this first assessment in CHD, PROs recorded in patients with CHD showed a significant impairment in some domains of HRQoL questionnaires in comparison with those with CHB. Studies in larger cohorts with lengthier follow-up are needed to fully assess patient-reported quality of life over the course of CHD. Lay summary Chronic hepatitis D (CHD) is a viral disease that causes rapid evolution to liver cirrhosis, amongst other severe complications, when compared to patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Health-related quality of life in chronic hepatitis C and CHB has been reported widely, but no studies have been performed on patient-reported outcomes in patients with CHD. Results showed that CHD patients reported worse outcomes in psychological domains such as worry and emotional well-being, as well as in physical domains such as abdominal symptoms, physical well-being, and activity impairment in comparison with patients with CHB

Multi-objective optimization-based model calibration of masonry bridges

Multi-objective optimization-based model calibration can be an intermediate solution between the computationally expensive probabilistic approaches and the single-objective optimization strategies that do not allow uncertainty quantification of the obtained solutions. This work addresses the multi-objective model calibration of two historic stone arch bridges using high-fidelity computational FE models. To implement the methodology, a five-step approach is proposed: experimental characterization through non-destructive testing techniques, non-parametric asbuilt geometric modeling, macro-finite element modeling, sensitivity analysis, and multiobjective optimization. The preferred solution among the Pareto front solutions is selected based on two different classical criteria, and the set of optimal solutions is further statistically analyzed to assess the validity of the identification process. The results show an average frequency error of 0.97 % and 0.70 % and an average MAC of 0.97 and 0.96 for each case study, respectively, thus highlighting the adequacy of the proposed methodology.Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. PID2021-124236OB-C33Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. PRE2019-087331Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. RYC2019-026604-IXunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431F 2021/08Universidade de Vigo/CISU