Plan de negocios para la instalación de una planta procesadora y comercializadora de sal para negocios Zegarra en la ciudad de Piura – 2012

El proyecto que se está presentando, consiste en la realización de un plan de negocios para la instalación de una planta procesadora de sal en la ciudad de Piura, ya que es nuestra actualidad se vienen desarrollando muchos de estos planes tanto para empresa pequeñas, medianas y grandes he tomado muy interesante este tema. Mediante el desarrollo de estudios de mercado, un plan de marketing, un plan financiero, un plan de operaciones, los recursos que se utilizaran, (humano, materiales, etc.), cada uno de estos puntos se han detallado en este plan ya que estos son instrumentos se necesitaran para el estudio de este proyecto. Determinando que este plan al ponerse en marcha es viable y rentable, con lo que se llegara a recuperar la inversión que se le dará. Se detalla también en el estudio de financiamiento un Van y un Tir que serán de mucha ayuda para ver la inversión que se necesitara. Este plan de negocios se ha realizado para que Negocios Zegarra no dependa más de proveedores sino que sean ellos los que lleguen de manera directa a sus consumidores finales y de esta forma puedan hacer que sus clientes se fidelicen a ella y en especial se puedan cumplir con casa una de las metas o planes que se han propuesto en este estudio

Celos y dependencia emocional como predictores de la violencia de pareja en mujeres jóvenes de Lima Norte, 2024

El estudio examinó en qué medida los celos y la dependencia emocional influyen en la violencia en parejas jóvenes de Lima Norte en 2024. Se empleó un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia con 356 participantes. La investigación fue empírica, utilizando un diseño explicativo y se empleó el modelamiento de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM). Se utilizaron la Escala Breve de Celos (EBC), el Cuestionario de Dependencia Emocional (CED) y el Cuestionario de Violencia entre Novios reducido (CUVINO-R) como instrumentos de medición. Como resultado, se encontró que los índices de ajuste del modelo fueron adecuados (χ²/gl = 2.94, CFI= .93, TLI = .91, RMSEA = .74, SRMR = .73 y WRMR = 1.4), explicando el 51.5% de la violencia de pareja. La influencia de los celos fue moderada (β = .29, p < .001, R² = .086), mientras que la dependencia emocional mostró una influencia fuerte (β = .50, p < .001, R² = .25). Además, celos y dependencia emocional compartieron una fuerte varianza (β = .61, p < .001, R² = .37). En síntesis, el modelo resultó adecuado para explicar la violencia de pareja ejercida en mujeres en este contexto sociocultural específico

First record of Amblyomma tigrinum (Acari: Ixodidae) on puma (Puma concolor) in Argentina and new associations for carnivores in San Juan province

Amblyomma tigrinum is a tick species widely distributed in South America. In Argentina, it has been recorded to occur in nearly all phytogeographic regions, exhibiting its plasticity to different types of environments. This tick is of medical and veterinary importance because its adult stages have been recorded primarily in mammals, including humans. Specifically in San Juan province, records of A. tigrinum are almost non-existent, with only two mentions, but which have no indication of host or specific place of collection. For this reason, the goal of this study is to report the first case of A. tigrinum in Argentina, as well as two new parasite-host associations of the adult tick in other carnivores in San Juan. We analyzed two individuals, one puma and one fox, which arrived at the Wildlife Rehabilitation, Environmental Education and Responsible Recreation Center (Parque Faunistico). Moreover, we analyzed one canid specimen obtained during a field sampling event. Our results indicated new records for San Juan province of A. tigrinum parasitizing Canis familiaris and Lycalopex gymnocercus, in addition to the first record for Argentina of this tick parasitizing a Puma concolor individual. The present study affords novel information about natural associations for carnivore hosts in San Juan province, and the first record of this tick on a puma for Argentina. Thus, we are contributing to the knowledge of parasite-host relationships on the group of carnivores in Argentina.Fil: González Rivas, Cynthia Jesica. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentina. Centro de Rehabilitación de Fauna Silvestre; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Castillo, Gabriel Natalio. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Acosta, Juan Carlos. Centro de Rehabilitación de Fauna Silvestre; Argentin

Contributions to the Knowledge of Sexual Dimorphism in Liolaemus darwinii (Squamata, Liolaemidae) in the Monte Desert of Argentina

The lizard Liolaemus darwinii (Liolaemidae) is a typical species with wide distribution in Monte environments of Argentina. The objective of this study is contribute to knowledge of sexual dimorphism in a population of L. darwinii (Bell, 1843). We evaluated sexual shape variation of the cephalic region through procustes analyses with geometric morphometry. We predict that the heads in males will have diff erences in shape with respect to females. The results showed signifi cant sexual diff erences in shape, mainly in the region around the eyes. There were no signifi cant differences in sizes. Geometric morphometry analyses are a useful tool for addressing sexual differences in Monte lizards. This constitutes the first study for the center-west of Argentina in San Juan province that implements these geometric morphometry analyses.Fil: Castillo, Gabriel Natalio. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; ArgentinaFil: González Rivas, Cynthia Jesica. Centro de Rehabilitación de Fauna Silvestre, Educación Ambiental y Recreación Responsable; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Acosta, Juan Carlos. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentin

Pleurodema nebulosum (Mendoza Four-eyed Frog). Endoparasites

Pleurodema nebulosum occurs in several provinces of Argentina in the dry Chaco and Monte ecoregions (Vaira et al. 2012. Cuad. Herpetol. 26:131–159). We examined the body cavity of 38 adult P. nebulosum (45 mm mean SVL) collected over three years (2017–2019) in Presidente Sarmiento Provincial Park in San Juan Province, Argentina and deposited in the herpetology collection of the Universidad Nacional de San Juan as (UNSJ 4076-4096). The body cavity was opened by a mid-ventral incision and the interior was searched for helminths utilizing a dissecting microscope. Ten cestodes were found in the stomachs of two individuals. The cestodes were placed in hot distilled water to relax them and subsequently fixed in 10% formalin. They were then stained with hydrochloric carmine, dehydrated, and mounted on slides containing Canada balsam. They were examined with a light microscope and identified as Cylindrotaenia sp., similar to C. americana (Cyclophillidea: Nematotaenidae) (Jewell 1916. J. Parasitol. 2:181–192). The specimens were deposited in the parasitological collection of the Department of Biology, National University of San Juan (UNSJPar 282). They exhibited the following characteristics: paruterine capsules not surrounded by membranes and paruterine organs surrounded by growing cells. Infection prevalence was 5.26%; mean intensity was 5 ± 1.41 SD, range: 4–6 and mean abundance was 0.26. In Argentina, there is only one report of Cylindrotaenia sp. as a parasite; parasitizing Rhinella major in Formosa province, Argentina (Hamann and González 2015. Acta Herpetol. 10:9–101). In this note, the distribution of Cylindrotaenia sp. is expanded and P. nebulosum is a new host record for C. cf. americana.Fil: Castillo, Gabriel Natalio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera; ArgentinaFil: González Rivas, Cynthia Jesica. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Acosta, Juan Carlos. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentin

Liolaemus olongasta (Chelco Lizard): Endoparasites

A total of 158 species of the genus Liolaemus occur in Argentina (Abdala and Quinteros 2014. Cuad. Herpetol. 28:55–82). In Argentina, L. olongasta is distributed in San Juan, Mendoza, and Rioja provinces (Abdala et al. 2012. Cuad. Herpetol. 26:215–248). It is mainly insectivorous and has a unimodal activity pattern (Acosta et al. 2017. Los Reptiles de San Juan. Editorial Brujas, Córdoba. 130 pp.). It is currently categorized as a non-threatened species (Abdala et al. 2012. Cuad. Herpetol. 26:215–248). Here, we report on the helminth endoparasites in the gastrointestinal tracts of L. olongasta in Matagusanos, San Juan Province, Argentina. In February 2017, three specimens of L. olongasta (adult males: mean SVL = 5.9 ± 0.17 cm, range: 5.7–6 mm; weight = 7.4 ± 0.37 g, range (7–7.7 g) were collected at Matagusanos, San Juan Province (31.24638°S, 68.62916°W; 910 m elev.). Phytogeographically, the area is included in the Monte. The stomach and intestines were longitudinally slit, and their contents were examined using a microscope. The dissection revealed one type of prey item and nematodes. The nematodes found were stored in 70% ethanol. Nematode observation and identification was done using the diaphanization by lactophenol technique. The specimens were deposited in the parasitological collection of the Department of Biology, National University of San Juan (UNSJPar254). A dissection of the animal revealed recent ingesta that included one scorpion. A total of two nematodes larvae of the genus Physaloptera were isolated from the stomachs of one adult specimen (infection prevalence = 33.3%, with a mean intensity of 2 and mean abundance of 0.66). Species of the genus Physaloptera occur in the stomach of a variety of terrestrial vertebrates (Goldberg and Bursey 1989. J. Wildl. Dis. 25:425–429). Larvae are common in amphibians and lizards (Anderson 2000. Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates: Their Development and Transmission. CABI Publishing, Oxon, U.K. 650 pp.). Currently, there are 100 Physaloptera described, including valid and inquirendae species, nine of these were described from reptiles (Pereira et al. 2012. J. Parasitol. 98: 1227–1235). In Argentina, Physaloptera has been reported the following reptiles: Liolaemus quilmes, Liolaemus ornatus, Liolaemus alticolor (Ramallo and Díaz 1998. Bol. Chil. Parasitol. 53:19–22), Tropidurus etheridgei (Cruz et al. 1998. Herpetol. Nat. Hist. 6:23–21), Leiosaurus catamarcensis, Leiosaurus belli, Liolaemus neuquensis (Goldberg et al. 2004. Comp. Parasitol. 71:208–214), Liolaemus koslowskyi, Liolaemus darwinii (O’Grady and Dearing 2006. Oecologia 150:355– 361), and Xenodon merremi (Lamas et al. 2016. Facena 32:59–67). Physaloptera sp. in Liolaemus olongasta is a new host record from Argentina.Fil: Castillo, Gabriel Natalio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; ArgentinaFil: González Rivas, Cynthia Jesica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; ArgentinaFil: Acosta, Juan Carlos. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentin

It takes a big heart to shape atrophic hepatocytes: Hypoxic hepatitis secondary to congestive heart failure

Introduction: Hypoxic hepatitis (HH) also known as ischemic hepatitis is the result of a hypoperfusion state during diffuse hepatic injury1. The incidence of HH is 2:1000 of patients within any hospital care level. 94% of HH are related to chronic heart failure (HF). In this setting, hepatic dysfunction occurs as a result of passive venous congestion2. The most common predisposing factors are acute heart failure and shock states, however, more than half of the cases are not related to any hemodynamic change, thus, underrecognized. Case description: A 77-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital for acute decompensated HF. She has a medical history of HF with reduced EF of 30%, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease with bypass grafting. Medication lists include sacubitril-valsartan, furosemide, metoprolol, and amiodarone. Upon admission, vital signs are within normal limits, she is in mild respiratory distress, with JVD at 3 cm, upper lobe crackles and wheezing on lung fields, and lower extremity non-pitting edema. Laboratory studies showed BUN/Cr 29/1.4 mg/dl, AST 377 IU/L, ALT 295 IU/L, BNP \u3e4500, troponin 0.3, with unremarkable ECG. The patient was started on furosemide, and amiodarone and sacubitril-valsartan are suspended due to suspected hepatic toxicity and acute kidney injury, respectively. Echocardiogram reported EF 20-25% with severe diffuse hypokinesis, RVSP of 54 mmHg, tricuspid valve with moderate-severe regurgitation. The abdominal US with a prominence of the hepatic veins and inferior vena cava. Patient LFTs continued to trend up during hospitalization, with a peak in AST 2080 IU/L, ALT 1371IU/L, ALP 75IU/L, total bilirubin 1.1 mg/dL. Viral serologic markers were negative as well as a workup for autoimmune hepatitis, and primary biliary cholangitis. Gastroenterology is consulted, the patient is initiated on N-Acetylcysteine, and transaminases trended down. Admission Day 3 Day 8 AST 377 2080 69 ALT 295 1371 319 Discussion: The prevalence of hepatic dysfunction in acute HF is 20% to 30%. The mechanism of injury was previously thought to be solely related to HF, however, new studies suggest that patients with underlying liver conditions and even mild hemodynamic changes are predisposed to develop HH. The mechanism involves the liver’s high metabolic demands and oxygen requirements. The hepatocytes compensate for impaired blood flow by increasing oxygen extraction, which may lead to hepatocellular hypoxia and necrosis. HH is diagnosed clinically by three main criteria, 1. Presence of cardiac, circulatory, or pulmonary failure; 2. Severe and transient increase in aminotransferase levels \u3e20 times the upper limit of normal and 3. Exclusion of other possible causes of liver damage. HH is usually self-limited, and aminotransferases trend down within 3-5 days, however fulminant hepatic failure can develop. Management involves treating underlying HF, as there is no specific treatment for HH. In our case, the progression of the HF was the cause that explained the acute increase in transaminases. It is important to keep in mind the gastrointestinal manifestation of HF, furthermore, that even with mild circulatory changes patients can develop HH

Parasitic nematodes of reptiles (lizards and snakes) in the Monte Desert of Argentina

Nematodes are little known in the Argentine herpetofauna. In order to increase and contribute to the knowledge of parasitism in reptiles, we studied nematodes found in three species of lizards (Aurivela longicauda, Liolaemus darwinii, and L. riojanus) and one species of snake (Philodryas trilineata) from the Monte desert of center-west Argentina. We registered generalist nematodes commonly found in reptiles, belonging to three taxa: Physaloptera sp. (larvae), Physaloptera retusa (adults) (Physalopteridae) and Parapharyngodon riojensis (Pharyngodonidae) (adults). Liolaemus darwinii had the lowest prevalence of Physaloptera sp. (larvae) (30%) and a mean intensity of 1.3±0.4 (1–2). The lizard A. longicauda had the highest parasitic diversity (2 taxa) with prevalence (50%) and mean intensity (4±3.5) of Physaloptera retusa (adults), also with prevalence (12.5%) and mean intensity (20±0) of Parapharyngodon riojensis (adults). Due to the low number of studied specimens, precise conclusions cannot be drawn for Liolaemus riojanus (n = 2) and P. trilineata (n = 1). However, because the hosts were previously fixed, the results probably may do not represent real infection patterns.The four reptile species correspond to new host records from Argentina, and the information provided contributes to the knowledge of endoparasitism in reptiles of the Argentine Monte region.Fil: Castillo, Gabriel Natalio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Acosta, Juan Carlos. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; ArgentinaFil: González Rivas, Cynthia Jesica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; ArgentinaFil: Ramallo, Geraldine. Fundación Miguel Lillo. Dirección de Zoología. Instituto de Invertebrados; Argentin

Checklist of nematode parasites of reptiles from Argentina

A summary of the parasitic nematodes of reptiles from Argentina is presented. It is a compilation of 29 parasitological papers published between 1992 and May 2020. This review includes information about 40 species of reptiles (4 snakes, 3 turtles, 1 anfisbaenian and 32 lizards). Twenty-six nematodes species have been reported from reptiles. The present review provides data on hosts, geographical distribution and site of infection. A host/parasite list is also provided.Fil: Castillo, Gabriel Natalio. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Acosta, Juan Carlos. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; ArgentinaFil: González Rivas, Cynthia Jesica. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Ramallo, Geraldine. Fundación Miguel Lillo. Dirección de Zoología. Instituto de Invertebrados; Argentin