Les enjeux quotidiens avec lesquels doivent vivre les personnes schizophrènes désinstitutionnalisées de la région des Bois-Francs : le point de vue d'intervenants spécialisés

Affiche présentée dans le cadre du colloque de l'ARC "La gestion de la propriété intellectuelle : courants de pensée et facteurs de succès", lors du 81e Congrès de l'Acfas à l'Université Laval, le 8 mai 2013.Le deuxième prix ex aequo a été décerné à Geneviève Rivard au concours des Prix étudiants 2012-2013 de l'ARC.Dans le monde, une personne sur cent souffre de schizophrénie. Or ce trouble reste méconnu, malgré les souffrances qui y sont associées. Peu de chercheurs ont étudié les enjeux sociaux entourant la vie des schizophrènes. La présente recherche décrit ces enjeux selon le point de vue d'intervenants en santé mentale. Les résultats obtenus nous informent sur la vie quotidienne des schizophrènes et sur leurs relations avec leur entourage. Suit une discussion sur les relations interpersonnelles difficiles des personnes atteintes ainsi que les préjugés entretenus par la population

Personality profiles in youth with DBD

Abstract : This registered report is a conceptual replication of the study conducted by Wilson et al. (2019) which showed that distinct latent personality profiles in adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders differed on key functioning variables. The present study included 206 adolescents (M = 17.25; SD = 0.95) with borderline clinical or clinical scores for oppositional deviant disorder or conduct disorder. Latent profile analyses using parent- and adolescent-reported Big Five domains revealed two- and three-profile solutions, respectively. When controlling for sex, results from the manual BCH method for auxiliary variables showed that profile membership is associated with different clinically relevant outcomes, such as comorbid psychological disorders, risky sexual behavior, and attachment to parents and friends

Measurement invariance of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 across sex

IntroductionThere has been an international movement towards dimensional models of personality disorders (PDs) in the last decades, which culminated in the publication of the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) in the Emerging Measures and Models section of the DSM-5. This model was accompanied by a APA-sanctioned Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) for the assessment of the AMPD pathological personality traits. One major issue with the assessment of personality disorders pertains to sex differences, and measurement invariance across sex in assessment instruments for PDs is necessary in order to ensure non-biased evaluations and to make valid comparisons between men and women. This study aimed to provide more information on measurement invariance across sex for the PID-5, using both the original scoring approach provided by the authors of the instrument and the scoring approach suggested by the APA in the published version of the PID-5.MethodsThis study was conducted with a sample of 2273 participants from the general Québec (Canada) adult population aged 18 to 90 years (M = 46.59; SD = 16.32; 51.8% women).ResultsThe original scoring approach model showed good fit to data after freeing paths between certain traits and reached strict invariance. The APA scoring approach also showed good fit to data and reached strict invariance, but needed an adjustment (path freed between Emotional lability and Impulsivity in men) to reach scalar invariance.DiscussionIn line with previous research, the PID-5 is invariant across sex and the five-factor structure adjusts well to data. The APA scoring approach appears to attenuate the cross-loading problem observed with the original scoring approach. In light of these results, we recommend using the APA scoring approach to derive domain scores

Prevalence of AMPD

Abstract : The Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD), introduced in Section III of the DSM-5 (APA, 2013), was proposed as a new operationalization of personality disorders (PD) aiming to overcome the several limitations of the traditional symptom-based model (Waugh et al., 2017; Zimmerman et al., 2019). In the AMPD, PD are defined by two dimensional criteria (the level of personality functioning and maladaptive personality traits), but as a hybrid model, it also allows for categorical assessment of PD (i.e. “hybrid types”) to facilitate continuity with clinical practice. The present study aimed to provide normative data for two widely used instruments assessing Criterion A (Level of Personality Functioning Scale – Self-Report; Morey, 2017) and B (Personality Inventory for DSM-5; Krueger et al., 2012) in a large populational French-Canadian sample. Regarding the categorical assessment, Gamache et al. (2022) recently tested scoring approaches for extracting the PD hybrid types from dimensional measures of the AMPD. In the present study, these approaches were used to estimate prevalence rates for these PD hybrid types in two samples. In the populational sample, results showed that prevalence rates varied from 0.2% (antisocial PD) to 3.0% (trait-specified PD), with an overall prevalence of 5.9% to 6.1% for any PD hybrid type. Prevalence was higher in men than in women in the populational sample, but the contrary was observed in the at-risk sample. Prevalence was higher in younger adults than in middle-aged and older adults

Imaginer l’aménagement soutenable des villages inuits du Nunavik : Le design pour réfléchir aux possibles

Cet article porte sur un processus collaboratif de design urbain visant la conception de visions d’avenir concrètes et soutenables pour deux villages inuits du Nunavik. En plus de données sur l’adaptation culturelle et climatique des milieux de vie, les propositions des auteurs s’appuient sur des observations, des savoirs autochtones et différents concepts d’aménagement nordique, de même que sur l’avis d’experts et d’informateurs locaux. Comment planifier une offre adéquate en logements et en espaces partagés pour favoriser des milieux adaptés aux pratiques locales et aux conditions climatiques extrêmes ? Quelles formes donner à ces milieux tout en respectant les contraintes environnementales, sociales et organisationnelles ? Les projets font émerger des connaissances (ou prises de connaissance) en lien avec l’aménagement sur les composantes et les paysages qui fondent l’identité des villages, ainsi que sur le rôle, l’occupation et l’adaptabilité des lieux d’échanges, sur la perception de la densité et sur l’acceptabilité d’autres manières possibles d’organiser les secteurs résidentiels.This article presents the results of a collaborative urban design process to imagine tangible and sustainable visions for two Inuit villages of Nunavik. Considering data on the cultural and environmental adaptation of living environments, the proposals are based on in situ observations, shared Indigenous knowledge, concepts of northern planning, and the advice of experts and local informants. How might we plan an adequate supply of housing and collective spaces to consolidate built environments and simultaneously adapt to local practices and extreme weather conditions? What forms can these environments take while respecting environmental, social and organizational constraints? The proposed projects foster knowledge regarding northern planning challenges: on the urban components and landscapes that underpin the identity of the villages; on the role, occupation and adaptability of shared places; on the perception of density, and on the acceptability of alternative ways to organize residential areas.Este artículo trata sobre un proceso colaborativo de diseño urbano para la concepción de perspectivas futuras concretas y sustentables para dos localidades inuit de Nunavik. Además de datos sobre la adaptación cultural y climática a los entornos de vida, las propuestas de los autores se apoyan en observaciones, en los conocimientos indígenas y en los diferentes conceptos de desarrollo del norte, así como también en el asesoramiento de expertos y de informantes locales. ¿Cómo planificar un suministro adecuado de viviendas y de espacios compartidos para promover entornos adaptados a las prácticas locales y a las condiciones ambientales extremas? ¿Qué formas se pueden dar a estos entornos respetando a su vez las restricciones ambientales, sociales y organizacionales? Los proyectos hacen surgir conocimientos (o adquisición de conocimientos) en relación con el desarrollo de los componentes y los paisajes que constituyen la identidad de las localidades, así como sobre el rol, la ocupación y la adaptabilidad de los lugares de intercambio, sobre la percepción de la densidad y sobre la aceptabilidad de otras formas posibles de organizar las zonas residenciales

Table_2_Measurement invariance of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 across sex.xlsx

IntroductionThere has been an international movement towards dimensional models of personality disorders (PDs) in the last decades, which culminated in the publication of the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) in the Emerging Measures and Models section of the DSM-5. This model was accompanied by a APA-sanctioned Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) for the assessment of the AMPD pathological personality traits. One major issue with the assessment of personality disorders pertains to sex differences, and measurement invariance across sex in assessment instruments for PDs is necessary in order to ensure non-biased evaluations and to make valid comparisons between men and women. This study aimed to provide more information on measurement invariance across sex for the PID-5, using both the original scoring approach provided by the authors of the instrument and the scoring approach suggested by the APA in the published version of the PID-5.MethodsThis study was conducted with a sample of 2273 participants from the general Québec (Canada) adult population aged 18 to 90 years (M = 46.59; SD = 16.32; 51.8% women).ResultsThe original scoring approach model showed good fit to data after freeing paths between certain traits and reached strict invariance. The APA scoring approach also showed good fit to data and reached strict invariance, but needed an adjustment (path freed between Emotional lability and Impulsivity in men) to reach scalar invariance.DiscussionIn line with previous research, the PID-5 is invariant across sex and the five-factor structure adjusts well to data. The APA scoring approach appears to attenuate the cross-loading problem observed with the original scoring approach. In light of these results, we recommend using the APA scoring approach to derive domain scores.</p