Brain energy rescue:an emerging therapeutic concept for neurodegenerative disorders of ageing

The brain requires a continuous supply of energy in the form of ATP, most of which is produced from glucose by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, complemented by aerobic glycolysis in the cytoplasm. When glucose levels are limited, ketone bodies generated in the liver and lactate derived from exercising skeletal muscle can also become important energy substrates for the brain. In neurodegenerative disorders of ageing, brain glucose metabolism deteriorates in a progressive, region-specific and disease-specific manner — a problem that is best characterized in Alzheimer disease, where it begins presymptomatically. This Review discusses the status and prospects of therapeutic strategies for countering neurodegenerative disorders of ageing by improving, preserving or rescuing brain energetics. The approaches described include restoring oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis, increasing insulin sensitivity, correcting mitochondrial dysfunction, ketone-based interventions, acting via hormones that modulate cerebral energetics, RNA therapeutics and complementary multimodal lifestyle changes

Infections chez les réfugiés adultes

Depuis 2015, l'Europe et la Suisse sont confrontées à une augmentation du nombre de réfugiés. Chez les réfugiés également, les médecins de famille peuvent s'attendre à des infections le plus souvent connues et courantes. Il est essentiel de souligner que la population locale ne court actuellement pas de risque accru d'infections lié aux requérants d'asile et aux réfugiés. En fonction des symptômes ou de l'origine géographique, il est judicieux de rechercher certaines maladies infectieuses graves chez les réfugiés