Transformer les conceptions naïves à l'aide de clips vidéo. Analyser puis scénariser une vidéo aide les futurs ingénieurs à intégrer le système de pensée newtonien

A leur arrivée à l’université, les étudiants ingénieurs semblent brouillés avec la mécanique newtonienne. Un dispositif innovant, basé sur l’analyse puis la réalisation de clips vidéo en petites équipes a été mis en place pour transformer leurs conceptions dans la discipline. Une évaluation qualitative et quantitative a montré l’intérêt du dispositif. On peut pointer plusieurs éléments qui semblent, à nos yeux, constituer des conditions nécessaires sinon suffisantes permettant aux étudiants de revisiter leurs conceptions premières. Elles sont liées pour l’essentiel à l’environnement créé autour du dispositif lui-même. De fait, permettre à des étudiants de réagir à des situations problèmes et leur donner l’occasion de s’exprimer, d’échanger et de produire des clips vidéo contribue très certainement à la mise en place de conflits sociocognitifs efficaces. Le choix des extraits vidéo présentés aux étudiants, très proches de leur quotidien ou faisant appel à leur culture cinématographique, l’organisation d’équipes restreintes, le temps mis à disposition – une semaine ! - et le rôle important joué par les tuteurs expliquent à eux seuls une grande partie des résultats obtenus.Most students in engineering programmes start their first university physics course with a system of beliefs and intuitions which are often inconsistent with the standard Newtonian framework. This paper presents an experiment in collaborative learning with small teams aiming at helping students to relinquish their naïve intuitions about dynamics. An important aspect of this experiment is that students were asked to both critically analyze the contents of video clips illustrating mechanical dynamics and design and realize their own video clip. The efficacy of the activity was assessed. The success of the experiment is attributed to the choice of video clips clearly belonging to student culture, to the students working in teams, and to the quality of the tutoring

Transformer les conceptions naïves à l'aide de clips vidéo. Analyser puis scénariser une vidéo aide les futurs ingénieurs à intégrer le système de pensée newtonien

A leur arrivée à l’université, les étudiants ingénieurs semblent brouillés avec la mécanique newtonienne. Un dispositif innovant, basé sur l’analyse puis la réalisation de clips vidéo en petites équipes a été mis en place pour transformer leurs conceptions dans la discipline. Une évaluation qualitative et quantitative a montré l’intérêt du dispositif. On peut pointer plusieurs éléments qui semblent, à nos yeux, constituer des conditions nécessaires sinon suffisantes permettant aux étudiants de revisiter leurs conceptions premières. Elles sont liées pour l’essentiel à l’environnement créé autour du dispositif lui-même. De fait, permettre à des étudiants de réagir à des situations problèmes et leur donner l’occasion de s’exprimer, d’échanger et de produire des clips vidéo contribue très certainement à la mise en place de conflits sociocognitifs efficaces. Le choix des extraits vidéo présentés aux étudiants, très proches de leur quotidien ou faisant appel à leur culture cinématographique, l’organisation d’équipes restreintes, le temps mis à disposition – une semaine ! - et le rôle important joué par les tuteurs expliquent à eux seuls une grande partie des résultats obtenus.Most students in engineering programmes start their first university physics course with a system of beliefs and intuitions which are often inconsistent with the standard Newtonian framework. This paper presents an experiment in collaborative learning with small teams aiming at helping students to relinquish their naïve intuitions about dynamics. An important aspect of this experiment is that students were asked to both critically analyze the contents of video clips illustrating mechanical dynamics and design and realize their own video clip. The efficacy of the activity was assessed. The success of the experiment is attributed to the choice of video clips clearly belonging to student culture, to the students working in teams, and to the quality of the tutoring

Birth weight threshold for identifying piglets at-risk for preweaning mortality

Citation: Feldpausch, J. A., Jourquin, J., Bergstrom, J. R., Bokenkroger, C. D., Nelssen, J. L., Ritter, M. J., . . . Gonzalez, J. M. (2016). Birth weight threshold for identifying piglets at-risk for preweaning mortality. Journal of Animal Science, 94, 34-34. doi:10.2527/msasas2016-074The association of piglet birth weight (BtW) with early-life mortality risk is strongly supported by research of numerous studies reporting decreased preweaning piglet mortality as individual piglet BtW increases. The purpose of the present analysis was to identify a BtW threshold associated with reduced odds of preweaning survival. Observations from 2 studies with a total of 4068 piglets originating from 394 litters on 4 different commercial farms (3 European, 1 U.S.) were compiled for meta-analysis. Overall preweaning mortality rate across all farms was 12.2%. Data used in the analysis was weight of piglets within 24 h of birth and their corresponding survival outcome (dead or live) by weaning at 3 to 4 wk of age. A mixed effects logistic regression model was fit to estimate the probability of preweaning mortality based on BtW. A random effect of study was included to account for overall differences in mortality between the 2 studies. A piecewise linear predictor was selected to best represent the drastic decrease in preweaning mortality found as BtW increased in the range of 0.5 to 1.0 kg and the less extreme change in preweaning mortality observed for changes in weight above 1.0 kg. The model change point was determined by comparing model fit for BtW ranging from 0.5 kg to 2.0 kg based on maximizing the likelihood. A linear predictor equation was also generated to estimate the associated preweaning mortality probability associated with every 50 g of piglet BtW. Results indicated a 1.11 kg BtW change point in the log odds of piglet preweaning mortality, thus, implicating that every incremental change in BtW below 1.11 kg has a greater impact on mortality risk than incremental changes in BtW above 1.11 kg. Among the farms in this analysis, 14.9% of all piglets had BtW < 1.11 kg. These findings imply that interventions targeted at increasing the BtW of piglets having BtW less than 1.11 kg have tremendous potential to improve piglet preweaning survivability. A large percentage of the neonatal pig population falls below this weight threshold, and postnatal management strategies to decrease neonatal mortality should be directed toward these at-risk piglets

The Influence of Changing Pen Design From a Small to Large Configuration on the Performance of the Grow-to-Finisher Pig

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of small versus large pens throughout the grow-finish period on growth performance of the pig. This experiment consisted of two replications. One wean to finish site within a large Midwestern commercial production system was used for both replications. The site consisted of four rooms. Within each room, one side of the aisle was set-up with the small pen treatment (SP; n = 96 pens [34 pigs/pen; 0.69 m2/pig]), while the other side was set-up with the large pen treatment (LP; n = 12 pens [272 pigs/pen; 0.69 m2/pig]). Pens were mixed sexed and when the first market group of pigs reached the targeted market weight in both treatments the trial was terminated. Starting and ending weights and average daily gain on a pen basis was recorded and calculated for a total of 6,528 crossbred pigs. Performance was analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS. Small penned pigs had a higher ADG (P = 0.004) and overall gain (P = 0.05) than large penned pigs. In conclusion, pigs raised in small pens throughout the grow-finish period had a higher average daily gain and overall gain than pigs housed in large pens throughout the grow-finish period

The Influence of Small Versus Large Pen Design on Health and Lesion Scores of the Grow-finisher Pig

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of raising pigs in small versus large pens during the grow-finish period on health and number of lesions of the finisher pig. The experiment was conducted from April to July, 2009. One wean to finish site within a large Midwestern commercial production system was used. There were four rooms on this site. A total of 3,162 pigs were used to compare health status and frequency of lesions. Within each room, one side of the aisle was set-up with the small pen treatment (SP; n = 45 pens; [34 pigs/pen]), while the other side was set-up with the large pen treatment (LP; n= 6 pens; [272 pigs/pen]). Therefore, both treatments were represented in each room. All pigs were kept in smaller pen configurations for 4 weeks and then the back gates of eight consecutive pens in the LP treatment were opened. Pens were mixed sexed and when the first market group of pigs reached targeted market weight the trial was terminated. One day prior to trial termination, a total of 316 pigs (10% of the population) were visually assessed by two observers for the frequency of lesions. Lesions were defined per the PQA Plus definition of skin lesions (NPB, 2007), as “…breaks that completely penetrate the skin, such as bites or other lesions that penetrate through the skin.” Lesion scores were analyzed using the PROC GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. When a pig was identified within their home pen as requiring medication, the drug type, number of pigs treated, the dose amount and cost per dose were recorded and this information will be presented descriptively. There were differences in lesion frequency with pigs housed in large pens having a higher (P \u3c 0.05) number of lesions compared to pigs in the small treatment. This was consistent across all locations on the pig. More pigs were treated in the large pen (n = 198) compared to the small pen (n = 158) and consequently a higher drug cost was noted for large pens ($127.63 vs.$95.47). Therefore in conclusion, larger pens had higher lesion frequency and higher drug treatment costs

Machine learning for automated quality assurance in radiotherapy: A proof of principle using EPID data description

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149320/1/mp13433_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149320/2/mp13433.pd

Small-Scale Readout Systems Prototype for the STAR PIXEL Detector

A prototype readout system for the STAR PIXEL detector in the Heavy Flavor Tracker (HFT) vertex detector upgrade is presented. The PIXEL detector is a Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (MAPS) based silicon pixel vertex detector fabricated in a commercial CMOS process that integrates the detector and front-end electronics layers in one silicon die. Two generations ofMAPS prototypes designed specifically for the PIXEL are discussed. We have constructed a prototype telescope system consisting of three small MAPS sensors arranged in three parallel and coaxial planes with a readout system based on the readout architecture for PIXEL. This proposed readout architecture is simple and scales to the size required to readout the final detector. The real-time hit finding algorithm necessary for data rate reduction in the 400 million pixel detector is described, and aspects of the PIXEL system integration into the existing STAR framework are addressed. The complete system has been recently tested and shown to be fully functional

HEP Software Foundation Community White Paper Working Group - Data Analysis and Interpretation

At the heart of experimental high energy physics (HEP) is the development of facilities and instrumentation that provide sensitivity to new phenomena. Our understanding of nature at its most fundamental level is advanced through the analysis and interpretation of data from sophisticated detectors in HEP experiments. The goal of data analysis systems is to realize the maximum possible scientific potential of the data within the constraints of computing and human resources in the least time. To achieve this goal, future analysis systems should empower physicists to access the data with a high level of interactivity, reproducibility and throughput capability. As part of the HEP Software Foundation Community White Paper process, a working group on Data Analysis and Interpretation was formed to assess the challenges and opportunities in HEP data analysis and develop a roadmap for activities in this area over the next decade. In this report, the key findings and recommendations of the Data Analysis and Interpretation Working Group are presented.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1712.0659