Energiplan - tre trinn for tre epoker : Systematisk energioppgradering av småhus - SEOPP

ForskningsrapportDenne rapporten omhandler trinnvis oppgradering av eneboliger fra seksti-, sytti- og åttitallet til dagens forskriftsnivå eller bedre. Med en trinnvis plan kan flere boligeiere se seg råd til oppgradering, og boligmassen blir mer energivennlig. Utgangspunktet er typisk arkitektur, byggemåte, materialbruk og rehabiliteringsstatus for småhus fra de tre tiårene. På denne bakgrunnen beskrives et oppgraderingsforløp bestående av ytterveggstrinnet, kjellertrinnet og taktrinnet. For hvert trinn gjennomgås anbefalte tiltak og hvilken effekt de har

Reuse of building materials. Guide to the documentation of performance

Preface. The construction industry generates a good deal of waste, and both rehabilitation and new construction require large quantities of building materials. At present, building materials in use are mostly new and also to a large extent manufactured from virgin raw materials. Reuse of building materials can provide environmental benefits that are essential for the sustainable management of resources.However, reuse of a building material presupposes that it is suitable for reuse, in other words that it does not impair the quality of the finished building, compared with using new materials. This guide provides advice about how to assess building materials for reuse. The guide is part of the research project, REBUS (REuse of Building materials – a USer perspective). The objective of the research project is to develop new knowledge to enable the more effective reuse of building materials.publishedVersio

Success for energy efficient renovation of dwellings - Learning from private homeowners

Large scale energy efficient renovation of buildings is one of the most important tools to realize the society's need of a more sustainable building stock. Most Norwegians own their own homes. Therefore private homeowners are a focus group for the government urging to accelerate the dwelling energy efficiency rates. Success factors were identified in the in-depth study of the decision process of eleven homeowners. Large differences in energy use due to the building's condition and the occupants' behavior was encountered in the sample. Only homeowners who were conscious consumers and did not trust expert advice or that had special knowledge due to their professions succeeded in realizing energy efficiency by renovation. Lack of knowledge, bad advice from craftsmen or priority to work that they can do themselves stopped other homeowners from implementing energy efficiency. Increased knowledge on all the gains from energy efficiency, the availability of attractive products and services as well as easy access to reliable advice on the better renovation solutions have a large potential to get more homeowners to make energy efficient choices in the process of renovation. Coordination of more of policy strategies including specific information and incentives are needed to facilitate this

Retrofitting multifamily buildings with prefabricated modules – RETROKIT. Stakeholder needs and views

ForskningsrapportThis report has been developed in RetroKit,a project where 11 countries collaborate in developing prefabricated solutionsfor retrofitting multifamily buildings from 1945 to 1980. This building type hasa huge energy-saving potential, consuming 68% of the total final energy use inbuildings in Europe. The type of buildings share common features across theEuropean borders, making them suitable for retrofitting with prefabricatedmodules. To develop good solutions this projectseeks knowledge on the needs and views of the stakeholders involved inretrofitting in the 11 countries through a questionnaire survey. The survey showswhat requirements prefabricated retrofit solutions must offer to be attractive:energy performance, adaptability to the building, efficient construction, flexibledesign, and adaptability to the resident's needs. Most referencedcharacteristics of good retrofitting design are energy efficiency, cost andaesthetics. The greatest pitfalls associated with prefabrication are limitedarchitectural freedom and poor architecture

Feasibility Study of Novel Integrated Aerogel Solutions

The market share for fibre reinforced aerogel insulation materials is expected to increase as production costs are lowered, and in this context, the development of layered products with integrated aerogel is highly interesting. The effect of uniaxial compression and humidity on the thermal conductivity of commercially available aerogel insulation blankets were measured in order to assess the feasibility of integrating aerogel blankets with other building components. The thermal performance under uniaxial compression was measured by compressing commercially available aerogel blanket materials in a heat flow meter apparatus. Up to 11.5 % decrease in apparent thermal conductivity was observed at a compressive strain of 16 %, corresponding to an applied stress of approximately 22 kPa. The thermal insulation properties of the aerogel insulation blankets remained excellent within the range of compressive stress investigated in this study (up to about 40 kPa), making aerogel integration highly interesting for building components that will be used under compression. However, a 32 % increase in thermal conductivity was observed upon exposure to an atmosphere of 95 % relative humidity (RH). Thus, in order to widen the range of application for fibre reinforced aerogel insulation materials, further investigations should be conducted to understand and improve their tolerance to moistureAcknowledgements. This work has been supported by the Research Council of Norway and several partners through “The Research Centre on Zero Emission Buildings” (ZEB).publishedVersio

Solar Shading in Low Energy Office Buildings - Design Strategy and User Perception

The objective of this paper is to investigate the visual comfort and quality of daylight in modern office buildings in the Nordic climate. A study of various daylight-related aspects and qualities was carried out for three different office buildings, using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. The focus was on a combination of user perception of daylight quality and assessment of the daylight amount and quality, by using the daylight factor (DF) and useful daylight illuminance parameters. Previous studies and experiences from construction examples indicate that users, in general, complain about lack of manual control of systems and too low daylight levels, even if the requirements in the building codes are satisfied. Furthermore, they complain about control algorithms of the shading devices, which cause undesired automatic opening and closure of such devices. Thus, causing disturbances and irritation amongst the users. Hence, interviews with key personnel in a modern and architecturally acclaimed office building were carried out in addition to an in-depth analysis of previous surveys of a zero-energy office building. It was found that automatic moveable shading can be regarded as a source of discomfort. This is due to the lack of manual-control override possibilities, which causes disturbances due to the system moving up and down. In one of the offices, the users disabled the exterior shading system. However, the external fixed shading and the internal manually operated roller blinds were found to be satisfactory. The results from a previous study showed that the users in the Marche building are in general satisfied with the daylight. One of the main reasons for this, according to the users, is that they have manual control of the shading system. Manual control of the shading systems is preferred by users in the office buildings studied. Daylight simulations showed that the external fixed shading system combined with internal shading give satisfactory DFs and an even distribution of the daylight levels in a south-facing office. According to the users, the external fixed shading is a good system for south facing offices, when local glare issues can be solved by interior roller shades. The DF gives information of the daylight distribution, which in certain cases might be adequate. However, this is not enough as a descriptor for user comfort, as other factors such as manual control possibilities and glare discomfort are not included

Retrofitting multifamily buildings with prefabricated modules – RETROKIT. Stakeholder needs and views

This report has been developed in RetroKit,a project where 11 countries collaborate in developing prefabricated solutionsfor retrofitting multifamily buildings from 1945 to 1980. This building type hasa huge energy-saving potential, consuming 68% of the total final energy use inbuildings in Europe. The type of buildings share common features across theEuropean borders, making them suitable for retrofitting with prefabricatedmodules. To develop good solutions this projectseeks knowledge on the needs and views of the stakeholders involved inretrofitting in the 11 countries through a questionnaire survey. The survey showswhat requirements prefabricated retrofit solutions must offer to be attractive:energy performance, adaptability to the building, efficient construction, flexibledesign, and adaptability to the resident's needs. Most referencedcharacteristics of good retrofitting design are energy efficiency, cost andaesthetics. The greatest pitfalls associated with prefabrication are limitedarchitectural freedom and poor architecture