Perfil epidemiológico de nascidos vivos com cardiopatia congênita nas regiões brasileiras

Aims: To conduct a descriptive epidemiological study of reported cases of live births with Congenital Heart Disease. Methodology: This is a descriptive epidemiological study in which the epidemiological profile of reported cases of live births with congenital heart disease in Brazil will be analyzed based on data collected from the Information System on Live Births (SINASC) from 2012 to 2021, available at the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). In addition, a search was conducted on PUBMED and BVS using the keywords "Congenital heart disease, Live births, Regions, Brazil". Results: From 2012 to 2021, in Brazil, there were 28,789,402 live births, with children with congenital heart disease accounting for 0.000875% (n = 25,212). The Southeast region recorded the highest number of cases, with 67.8% (n = 17,112), while the North region had the lowest prevalence, with 3.08% (n = 777). In terms of delivery methods, 71% were cesarean section (n = 17,902), 28.87% were vaginal deliveries (n = 7,281), and 0.11% were unidentified (n = 29). It's important to note that among live births, 10.6% (n = 3,057,372) were premature, while 27.44% (n = 6,920) of live births with congenital heart disease were premature. Regarding gender, males were more prevalent at 52.09% (n = 13,134), females accounted for 47.35% (n = 11,939), and 0.55% were unidentified (n = 139). The age of the mother at the time of delivery that stood out was between 30 and 34 years, with 23.65% (n = 5,964) of cases. The prevalent race/ethnicity among children with congenital heart disease was white, at 51.71% (n = 13,039). Conclusion: There is a higher prevalence of live births with congenital heart diseases in the Southeast region, as well as a higher prevalence of males and individuals of white race/ethnicity. Prematurity was more common in children with congenital heart disease than in other live births, and the most prevalent age of mothers was between 30 and 34 years, with cesarean deliveries being predominant.Objetivo: Realizar estudo epidemiológico descritivo acerca dos casos notificados de nascidos vivos com Cardiopatia Congênita; Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico descritivo, no qual será analisado o perfil epidemiológico dos casos notificados de nascidos vivos com cardiopatia congênita no Brasil, a partir de dados coletados no Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC), no período  de  2012  a  2021 disponível  no  Departamento  de  Informática  do  Sistema  Único  de  Saúde (DATASUS). Além de uma pesquisa realizada realizada por BVS e PUBMED através dos unitermos “Cardiopatia congênta, Nascidos Vivos, Regiões, Brasil”. Resultados: No período de 2012 a 2021, no Brasil, foram registrados 28.789.402 nascidos vivos, em que as crianças com CC corresponderam a 0,000875% (n = 25.212). A região Sudeste registrou o maior número de casos, com 67,8% (n = 17.112), enquanto a região Norte obteve a menor prevalência, com 3,08% (n = 777). Em relação aos tipos de partos, 71% cesária (n = 17.902), 28,87% vaginais (n = 7.281) e 0,11% não identificados (n = 29). É importante ressaltar que entre os nascidos vivos, 10,6% (n = 3.057.372) são prematuros, enquanto que 27, 44% (n=6.920) dos nascidos vivos com CC são prematuros. Considerando o sexo, houve prevalência do sexo masculino, sendo 52,09% (n = 13.134), 47,35% do sexo feminino (n = 11.939) e 0,55% não identificados (n = 139). A idade da progenitora no momento do parto que sobressaiu foi entre 30 e 34 anos, com 23,65% (n = 5.964) dos casos. A cor/raça prevalente entre as crianças com CC de maior prevalência foi a branca tendo 51,71% (n = 13.039). Conclusão: Há maior prevalência de nascidos vivos com cardiopatias congênitas na região Sudeste, bem como do sexo masculino e da cor/raça branca. A prematuridade mostrou-se maior nos cardiopatas do que nos restantes dos nascidos vivos, a idade da mãe mais prevalente foi entre 30 e 34 anos, em que o parto cesariano predominou

Mineralogical evolution of cement pastes at early ages based on thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)

[EN] Ordinary thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and high-resolution TG tests were carried out on three different Portland cement pastes to study the phases present during the first day of hydration. Tests were run at 1, 6, 12 and 24 h of hydration, in order to determine the phases at these ages. High-resolution TG tests were used to separate decompositions presented in the 100¿200 C interval. The non-evaporable water determined by TG was used to determine hydration degree for the different ages. The effect of particle size distribution (PSD) on mineralogical evolution was established, as well as the addition of calcite as mineralogical filler. Finer PSD and calcite addition accelerate the hydration process, increasing the hydration degree on the first day of eaction between water and cement. According to high-resolution TG results, it was demonstrated that ettringite was the only decomposed phase in the 100¿200 C interval during the first 6 h of hydration for all studied cements. C-S-H phase starts to appear in all cements after 12 h of hydration.Funding was provided by Colciencias (Grant No. Convocatoria 567-2012).Gaviria, X.; Borrachero Rosado, MV.; Paya Bernabeu, JJ.; Monzó Balbuena, JM.; Tobón, J. (2018). Mineralogical evolution of cement pastes at early ages based on thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 132(1):39-46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6905-0S39461321Benboudjema F, Meftah JM, Torernti F. Interaction between drying, shrinkage, creep and cracking phenomena in concrete. Eng Struct. 2005;27:239–50.Holt E. Contribution of mixture design to chemical and autogenous shrinkage of concrete at early ages. Cem Concr Res. 2005;35:464–72.Darquennes A, Staquet S, Delplancke-Ogletree MP, Espion B. Effect of autogenous deformation on the cracking risk of slag cement concretes. Cem Concr Compos. 2011;33:368–79.Slowik V, Schmidt M, Fritzsch R. Capillary pressure in fresh cement-based materials and identification of the air entry value. Cem Concr Compos. 2008;30(7):557–65.Evju C, Hansen S. Expansive properties of ettringite in a mixture of calcium aluminate cement, Portland cement and ß-calcium sulfate hemihydrates. Cem Concr Res. 2001;31:257–61.Bentz DP, Jensen OM, Hansen KK. Olesen, Stang, H. Haecker, C.J. Influence of cement particle-size distribution on early age autogenous strain and stresses in cement-based materials. J Am Ceram Soc. 2001;84(1):129–35.Barcelo L, Moranville M, Clavaud B. Autogenous shrinkage of concrete: a balance between autogenous swelling and self-desiccation. Cem Concr Res. 2005;35(1):177–83.Bouasker M, Mounanga P, Turcry P, Loukili A, Khelidj A. Chemical shrinkage of cement pastes and mortars at very early age: effect of limestone filler and granular inclusions. Cem Concr Compos. 2008;30(1):13–22.Bentz DP. A review of early-age properties of cement-based materials. Cem Concr Res. 2008;38(2):196–204.Ozawa T. Controlled rate thermogravimetry. New usefulness of controlled rate thermogravimetry revealed by decomposition of polyimide. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2000;59:375–84.Ramachandran VS, Paroli RM, Beaudoin JJ, Delgado AH. Thermal analysis of construction materials. Building materials series. New York: Noyes Publications; 2003.Zanier A. High-resolution TG for the characterization of diesel fuel additives. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2001;64:377–84.Tobón JI, Payá J, Borrachero MV, Restrepo OJ. Mineralogical evolution of Portland cement blended with silica nanoparticles and its effect on mechanical strength. Constr Build Mater. 2012;36:736–42.Singh M, Waghmare S, Kumar V. Characterization of lime plasters used in 16th century Mughal Monument. J Archeol Sci. 2014;42:430–4.Majchrzak-Kuçeba I. Thermogravimetry applied to characterization of fly ash-based MCM-41 mesoporous materials. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2012;107:911–21.Silva ACM, Gálico DA, Guerra RB, Legendre AO, Rinaldo D, Galhiane MS, Bannach G. Study of some volatile compounds evolved from the thermal decomposition of atenolol. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2014;115:2517–20.Rios-Fachal M, Gracia-Fernández C, López-Beceiro J, Gómez-Barreiro S, Tarrío-Saavedra J, Ponton A, Artiaga R. Effect of nanotubes on the thermal stability of polystyrene. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2013;113:481–7.Yamarte L, Paxman D, Begum S, Sarkar P, Chambers A. TG measurement of reactivity of candidate oxygen carrier materials. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2014;116:1301–7.Borrachero MV, Payá J, Bonilla M, Monzó J. The use of thermogravimetric analysis technique for the characterization of construction materials. The gypsum case. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2008;91(2):503–9.Tobón JI, Payá J, Borrachero MV, Soriano L, Restrepo OJ. Determination of the optimum parameters in the high resolution thermogravimetric analysis (HRTG) for cementitious materials. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2012;107:233–9.Kuzielova E, Žemlička M, Másilko, J, Palou, M.T. Effect of additives on the performance of Dyckerhoff cement, Class G, submitted to simulated hydrothermal curing. J Therm Anal Calorim. Accepted 29 Oct 2017Genc M, Genc ZK. Microencapsulated myristic acid–fly ash with TiO2 shell as a novel phase change material for building application. J Therm Anal Calorim. Accepted 24 Oct 2017.Singh M, Kumar SV, Waghmare SA. The composition and technology of the 3–4th century CE decorative earthen plaster of Pithalkhora caves, India. J Archeol Sci. 2016;7:224–37.Liu L, Liu Q, Cao Y, Pan WP. The isothermal studies of char-CO2 gasification using the high-pressure thermo-gravimetric method. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2015;120:1877–82.Majchrzak-Kuce I, Bukalak-Gaik D. Regeneration performance of metal–organic frameworks TG-vacuum tests. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2016;125:1461–6.Ion RM, Radovici C, Fierascu RC, Fierascu I. Thermal and mineralogical investigations of iron archaeological Materials. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2015;121:1247–53.Rupasinghe M, San Nicolas R, Mendis P, Sofi M, Ngo T. Investigation of strength and hydration characteristics in nano-silica incorporated cement paste. Cem Concr Compos. 2017;80:17–30.Esteves PL. On the hydration of water-entrained cement–silica systems: combined SEM, XRD and thermal analysis in cement pastes. Thermochim Acta. 2011;518:27–35.Riesen R. Adjustment of heating rate for maximum resolution in TG and TMA (MaxRes). J Therm Anal. 1998;53:365–74.Lim S, Mondal P. Micro- and nano-scale characterization to study the thermal degradation of cement-based materials. Mater Charact. 2014;92:15–25.Gill PS, Sauerbrunn SR, Crowe BS. High resolution thermogravimetry. J Therm Anal. 1992;38:255–66.Mounanga P, Khelidj A, Loukili A, Baroghel-Bouny V. Predicting Ca(OH)2 content and chemical shrinkage of hydrating cement pastes using analytical approach. Cem Concr Res. 2004;34:255–65.Zeng Q, Li K, Fen-chong T, Dangla P. Determination of cement hydration and pozzolanic reaction extents for fly-ash cement pastes. Constr Build Mater. 2012;27:560–9.Parrott LP, Geiker M, Gutteridge WA, Killoh D. Monitoring Portland cement hydration: Comparison of methods. Cem Concr Res. 1990;20:919–26.Hewlett PC. Lea’s chemistry of cement and concrete. 4th ed. Oxford: Elsevier Science & Technology Books; 2004.ASTM C305 Standard practice for mechanical mixing of hydraulic cement pastes and mortars of plastic consistency. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA; 2012.Taylor HF. Cement chemistry. 2nd ed. Westminster: Thomas Telford; 1997.Nadelman EI, Freas DJ, Kurtis KE. Nano- and microstructural characterization of Portland limestone cement paste. In: Nanotechnology in construction. Proceedings of NICOM 5. 2015. p. 87–92

Wnt addiction of genetically defined cancers reversed by PORCN inhibition

Enhanced sensitivity to Wnts is an emerging hallmark of a subset of cancers, defined in part by mutations regulating the abundance of their receptors. Whether these mutations identify a clinical opportunity is an important question. Inhibition of Wnt secretion by blocking an essential post-translational modification, palmitoleation, provides a useful therapeutic intervention. We developed a novel potent, orally available PORCN inhibitor, ETC-1922159 (henceforth called ETC-159) that blocks the secretion and activity of all Wnts. ETC-159 is remarkably effective in treating RSPO-translocation bearing colorectal cancer (CRC) patient-derived xenografts. This is the first example of effective targeted therapy for this subset of CRC. Consistent with a central role of Wnt signaling in regulation of gene expression, inhibition of PORCN in RSPO3-translocated cancers causes a marked remodeling of the transcriptome, with loss of cell cycle, stem cell and proliferation genes, and an increase in differentiation markers. Inhibition of Wnt signaling by PORCN inhibition holds promise as differentiation therapy in genetically defined human cancers

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

The Changing Landscape for Stroke\ua0Prevention in AF: Findings From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase 2

Background GLORIA-AF (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) is a prospective, global registry program describing antithrombotic treatment patterns in patients with newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke. Phase 2 began when dabigatran, the first non\u2013vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC), became available. Objectives This study sought to describe phase 2 baseline data and compare these with the pre-NOAC era collected during phase 1. Methods During phase 2, 15,641 consenting patients were enrolled (November 2011 to December 2014); 15,092 were eligible. This pre-specified cross-sectional analysis describes eligible patients\u2019 baseline characteristics. Atrial fibrillation disease characteristics, medical outcomes, and concomitant diseases and medications were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the total patients, 45.5% were female; median age was 71 (interquartile range: 64, 78) years. Patients were from Europe (47.1%), North America (22.5%), Asia (20.3%), Latin America (6.0%), and the Middle East/Africa (4.0%). Most had high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc [Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age  6575 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex category] score  652; 86.1%); 13.9% had moderate risk (CHA2DS2-VASc = 1). Overall, 79.9% received oral anticoagulants, of whom 47.6% received NOAC and 32.3% vitamin K antagonists (VKA); 12.1% received antiplatelet agents; 7.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. For comparison, the proportion of phase 1 patients (of N = 1,063 all eligible) prescribed VKA was 32.8%, acetylsalicylic acid 41.7%, and no therapy 20.2%. In Europe in phase 2, treatment with NOAC was more common than VKA (52.3% and 37.8%, respectively); 6.0% of patients received antiplatelet treatment; and 3.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. In North America, 52.1%, 26.2%, and 14.0% of patients received NOAC, VKA, and antiplatelet drugs, respectively; 7.5% received no antithrombotic treatment. NOAC use was less common in Asia (27.7%), where 27.5% of patients received VKA, 25.0% antiplatelet drugs, and 19.8% no antithrombotic treatment. Conclusions The baseline data from GLORIA-AF phase 2 demonstrate that in newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, NOAC have been highly adopted into practice, becoming more frequently prescribed than VKA in Europe and North America. Worldwide, however, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated, particularly in Asia and North America. (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation [GLORIA-AF]; NCT01468701