Hidrogenasi Elektrokimia Hidrokarbon Terpen

Energi merupakan kebutuhan pokok setiap manusia dan selama ini berasal dari minyak bumi yang tak terbarukan. Penggunaan minyak bumi yang berlebihan dan terus meningkat dapat menyebabkan meningkatnya suhu bumi atau pemanasan global. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan sumber energi terbarukan yang berasal dari tumbuhan untuk mengurangi penggunaan minyak bumi. Indonesia merupakan negara yang kaya akan sumber daya hayati oleh karena itu diperlukan pengembangan bahan bakar yang berasal dari tumbuhan. Salah satu sumber bahan baku yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif adalah minyak terpentin. Minyak tersebut dapat diolah agar kualitasnya menyerupai kerosin ataupun avtur. Proses pengolahan ini perlu dilakukan agar minyak terpentin dapat memenuhi syarat mutu titik asap dan titik beku sesuai ketentuan (standar) bagi kerosin dan avtur.Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan meningkatkan kadar hidrogen yang terdapat dalam minyak tepentin agar dapat meningkatkan titik asapnya. Kadar hidrogen dapat ditingkatkan dengan proses hidrogenasi. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan hidrogenasi secara elektrokimia (elektrokatalitik). Proses hidrogenasi elektrokimia (secara elektrokatalitik) dipilih karena proses ini dapat dilakukan pada kondisi temperatur dan tekanan rendah. Selain itu, resiko pelepasan gas hidrogen dapat dihindari karena dalam proses tersebut tidak digunakan gas hidrogen. Sumber listrik bagi sel elektrokimia pun dapat dibangkitkan dari sumber –sumber yang terbarukan misalnya dari kincir angin, turbin air mini (microhidro) dan lain-lain.Proses hidrogenasi elektrokimia dilakukan di dalam suatu sel elektrokimia. Percobaan – percobaan yang dilakukan terdiri dari percobaan pendahuluan dan percobaan utama. Pada percobaan pendahuluan dilakukan pengujian untuk menentukan kondisi tegangan kerja optimum bagi proses hidrogenasi elektrokimia. Pada percobaan utama dilakukan proses hidrogenasi elektrokimia terhadap minyak terpentin dengan memvariasikan konsentrasi larutan elektrolit serta waktu proses hidrogenasi yang dilakukan. Setelah proses hidrogenasi selesai dilakukan analisis tingkat kejenuhan dari minyak terpentin dengan cara uji brom (titrasi bromida-bromat) dan uji nyala api menggunakan lampu cempor lalu dibandingkan dengan kerosin maupun avtu

Synthesis of Biokerosene Through Electrochemical Hydrogenation of Terpene Hydrocarbons From Turpentine Oil

Indonesia possesses great potential for developing renewable resources as alternative fuels. For example, turpentine oil obtained from Pinus merkusii, which contains mostly monoterpene hydrocarbons (C10H16). The oil is highly suitable to be processed for biokerosene or even jet biofuel. It consists of hydrocarbons within the range of C10 to C15. However, it contains insufficient H and thus needs to be upgraded. In the present work, electrochemical hydrogenation was used for upgrading. In the electrochemical cell, stainless steel, silver, and carbon were used alternately for the anode, while copper and silver Raschig rings were used for the cathode. An electrolyte solution of cuprous ammonium formate was utilized not only as a source of H but also to draw the unsaturated hydrocarbons into the aqueous phase. The electrolyte : oil ratio (up to 2:1), electrolyte concentration (between 0.4 and 2 M) and reaction time were varied throughout the experiments. The bromine number (unsaturation level) of the turpentine oil, which was initially 1,86 (mole Br2/mole), was lowered significantly to 0.69-0.90. Promising increase of smoke point values were observed from 11 mm to 16-24 mm, indicating a higher H content of the processed oil, thus making it suitable as a substitute for petroleum kerosene

Synthesis of Biokerosene through Electrochemical Hydrogenation of Terpene Hydrocarbons from Turpentine Oil

Indonesia possesses great potential for developing renewable resources as alternative fuels. For example, turpentine oil obtained from Pinus merkusii, which contains mostly monoterpene hydrocarbons (C10H16). The oil is highly suitable to be processed for biokerosene or even jet biofuel. It consists of hydrocarbons within the range of C10 to C15. However, it contains insufficient H and thus needs to be upgraded. In the present work, electrochemical hydrogenation was used for upgrading. In the electrochemical cell, stainless steel, silver, and carbon were used alternately for the anode, while copper and silver Raschig rings were used for the cathode. An electrolyte solution of cuprous ammonium formate was utilized not only as a source of H but also to draw the unsaturated hydrocarbons into the aqueous phase. The electrolyte : oil ratio (up to 2:1), electrolyte concentration (between 0.4 and 2 M) and reaction time were varied throughout the experiments. The bromine number (unsaturation level) of the turpentine oil, which was initially 1,86 (mole Br2/mole), was lowered significantly to 0.69-0.90. Promising increase of smoke point values were observed from 11 mm to 16-24 mm, indicating a higher H content of the processed oil, thus making it suitable as a substitute for petroleum kerosene