Condensed tannin reactivity inhibition by internal rearrangements: Detection by CP-MAS 13C NMR

Tannin extracts were prepared from barks of maritime pine (Pinus maritimus), aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis), Norway spruce (Picea abies) and from a mixture of barks of different pine species (Pinus spp., namely 20% black pine (Pinus thunbergii)+ 30% Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) + 20% maritime pine (Pinus maritimus) + 10% Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis) + 5% Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) + 15% Norway spruce (Picea abies)) at a paper mill. The 13C-NMR spectra were carried out from these tannins. Blending systems adhesives were prepared with 5% paraformaldehyde to measure the reactivity by gel time, and to determinate the mechanical resistance by thermomechanical analysis (TMA) and the internal bond strength (IB) according to the European Norm EN-312. The CP MAS 13C NMR bands at 163 ppm and the increase number of smaller bands between 20 and 65 ppm clearly indicate that the extraction of procyanidin-type tannins has been incorrect yielded high relative proportions of catechinic acid structures and diarylpropanol-catechinin acid dimer caused by internal flavonoid rearrangement, and causing the blockage of the C6 and C8 reactive sites, rendering unusable the tannin for wood adhesive applications. Thus, the gel times are very long except for the maritime pine tannin with a value of 51 (s). The TMA analysis gave very low MOE values for almost all the tannin extract samples, except for maritime pine. This situation was confirmed by the IB test. Only maritime pine tannin presented a good mechanical resistance with a value of 0.6 (MPa). Only this sample fulfils the standard requested

Micro- and macroscopic observations of the nucleation process and crystal growth of nanosized Cs-pollucite in an organotemplate-free hydrosol

The nucleation and crystal growth of nanoscale cesium pollucite aluminosilicate zeolite (ANA topology) from an organotemplate-free precursor suspension are reported. By using a new and reactive synthesis recipe (5.5SiO2:1Al2O3:6Cs2O:140H2O), zeolite nanocrystals with higher Al content (Si/Al ratio = 2.12) are obtained within 120 min under mild condition (180 °C) which is much faster and safer as compared to those previously reported. The solid initially experiences amorphous phase reorganization before nucleation, crystallization and crystal growth take place. The resulting Cs-pollucite nanocrystals (average size 55 nm) display trapezohedron morphology. The nanocrystals are colloidally stabilized in water and they are very active in base-catalyzed cyanoethylation of dipropylamine reaction, giving 89.6% conversion at 180 °C within 50 min. In addition, high solid yield of nanocrystals (ca. 70%) is also achieved, thus offering a green pathway for synthesizing zeolite nanocrystals with high basicity in large scale

Designation processes and semantic substitutions used by european portuguese children in a vocabulary test

This research study focus on the designation processes and semantic substitutions of each word on the vocabulary sub-task from the language test for children – ABFW, standardized in Brazil and adapted to European Portuguese, as well as the comparison of the results obtained in the two countries, to analyze the relevance of their extensibility to the Portuguese population. Methods: The test was applied to 150 children from 5 to 6 years old, of typical development. The test consists of 9 conceptual categories. Each category consists of different words, which were always assessed in the same sequential order. Results: The sample of this study showed a lower performance only in clothes, places and food semantic categories. All the other categories have outperformed the standard. The categories of vocabulary with higher percentage in the right designation of the words were colors and shapes, animals and toys and music instruments. The categories with a higher percentage of substitution processes, from the reference results, were: food and locations. The most recurrent substitution processes were the co-hyponym, words that designate semantic attributes, valorization of the visual stimulus, hypernym and parasynonyms Conclusion: Given the homogeneity of the results of this study with the results obtained with other studies in Brazil, this test reveal potentiality as an instrument for vocabulary assessment in Portugal.Objetivo: Este estudo teve por objetivo a análise e quantificação dos processos de designação e substituição semântica apresentados na prova do vocabulário do Teste de Linguagem Infantil ABFW, padronizado no Brasil e adaptado para Português Europeu (PE), assim como a comparação dos resultados obtidos nos dois países, de forma a analisar a pertinência da sua extensibilidade à população portuguesa. Métodos: A prova foi aplicada a 150 crianças de 5 e 6 anos de idade, de desenvolvimento típico, na Região Norte de Portugal. A prova é constituída por nove categorias conceituais e cada categoria formada por diferentes vocábulos, que foram avaliados sempre pela mesma ordem sequencial. Resultados: A amostra mostrou desempenho inferior, em relação à norma, apenas nas categorias semânticas vestuário, locais e alimentos. Todas as outras categorias revelaram desempenho superior. As categorias do vocabulário que apresentaram maior percentagem de respostas corretas foram: animais, formas e cores e brinquedos e instrumentos musicais. As categorias que apresentaram percentagem superior de processos de substituição, em relação à norma, foram alimentos e locais. Os processos de substituição mais utilizados foram: substituição por co-hipônimo, vocábulos que designam atributos semânticos, valorização do estímulo visual, hiperônimos e parassinônimos. Conclusão: Dada a homogeneidade dos resultados deste estudo com os resultados obtidos em outros estudos no Brasil, esta prova revela potencialidades como instrumento de avaliação do vocabulário em Portugal.This work is funded by CIEd – Research Centre on Education, projects UID/CED/1661/2013 and UID/CED/1661/2016, Institute of Education, University of Minho, through national funds of FCT/MCTESPT.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

MicroRNA and mRNA profiling in the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies

Background The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are heterogeneous autoimmune conditions of skeletal muscle inflammation and weakness. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNA which regulate gene expression of target mRNAs. The aim of this study was to profile miRNA and mRNA in IIM and identify miRNA-mRNA relationships which may be relevant to disease. Methods mRNA and miRNA in whole blood samples from 7 polymyositis (PM), 7 dermatomyositis (DM), 5 inclusion body myositis and 5 non-myositis controls was profiled using next generation RNA sequencing. Gene ontology and pathway analyses were performed using GOseq and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Dysregulation of miRNAs and opposite dysregulation of predicted target mRNAs in IIM subgroups was validated using RTqPCR and investigated by transfecting human skeletal muscle cells with miRNA mimic. Results Analysis of differentially expressed genes showed that interferon signalling, and anti-viral response pathways were upregulated in PM and DM compared to controls. An anti-Jo1 autoantibody positive subset of PM and DM (n = 5) had more significant upregulation and predicted activation of interferon signalling and highlighted T-helper (Th1 and Th2) cell pathways. In miRNA profiling miR-96-5p was significantly upregulated in PM, DM and the anti-Jo1 positive subset. RTqPCR replicated miR-96-5p upregulation and predicted mRNA target (ADK, CD28 and SLC4A10) downregulation. Transfection of a human skeletal muscle cell line with miR-96-5p mimic resulted in significant downregulation of ADK. Conclusion MiRNA and mRNA profiling identified dysregulation of interferon signalling, anti-viral response and T-helper cell pathways, and indicates a possible role for miR-96-5p regulation of ADK in pathogenesis of IIM

Condensed tannin reactivity inhibition by internal rearrangements: Detection by CP-MAS 13C NMR

Tannin extracts were prepared from barks of maritime pine (Pinus maritimus), aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis), Norway spruce (Picea abies) and from a mixture of barks of different pine species (Pinus spp., namely 20% black pine (Pinus thunbergii)+ 30% Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) + 20% maritime pine (Pinus maritimus) + 10% Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis) + 5% Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) + 15% Norway spruce (Picea abies)) at a paper mill. The 13C-NMR spectra were carried out from these tannins. Blending systems adhesives were prephe increase number of smaller bands between 20 and 65 ppm clearly indicate that the extraction of procyanidin-type tannins has been incorrect yielded high relative proportions of catechinic acid structures and diarylpropanol-catechinin acid dimer caused by internal flavonoid rearrangement, and causing the blockage of the C6 and C8 reactive sites, rendering unusable the tannin for wood adhesive applications. Thus, the gel times are very long except for the maritime pine tannin with a value of 51 (s). The TMA analysis gave very low MOE values for almost all the tannin extract samples, except for maritime pine. This situation was confirmed by the IB test. Only maritime pine tannin presented a good mechanical resistance with a value of 0.6 (MPa). Only this sample fulfils the standard requested

Photis Kroyer 1842

Photis Krøyer, 1842 Diagnosis. Head with eye lobes produced forward; antenna 1 with accessory flagellum absent; coxae long, weakly overlapping; gnathopods subchelate, gnathopod 2 slightly to greatly larger than gnathopod 1; pereopod 5 with large robust seta on palm and accessory spine on dactylus; uropod 3 peduncle long, equal to or longer than outer ramus, inner ramus reduced to vestigial.Published as part of Myers, Alan A., Rigolet, Carine, Thiébaut, Eric & Dubois, Stanislas F., 2012, A new species of amphipod, Photis inornatus sp. nov. (Corophiidea, Photidae) from a ' Haploops community' in Brittany, pp. 55-61 in Zootaxa 3236 on page 56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21489

Photis inornatus Myers, Rigolet, Thiébaut & Dubois, 2012, sp. nov.

Photis inornatus sp. nov. (Figs 1–3) Type material. HOLOTYPE, Holotype female, 3.2 mm (MNHN-IU- 2009 - 585), Paratypes: 4 males, 12 females, same data as holotype (MNHN-IU- 2009 - 586). Type locality. Bay of Concarneau (47 ° 44 ' 16.3 "N; 3 ° 53 ' 34.7 "W and 47 ° 48 ' 32.1 "N; 3 ° 55 ' 31.8 "W) Etymology. Latin inornata, meaning unornamented, referring to the uniform palms of the gnathopods in both sexes. Description. Based on Paratype male MNHN-IU- 2009 - 586, 3.4 mm. Head. Head with strongly forward produced, rounded eye lobe. Eye, black, composed of many ommatidea, situated fully in eye lobe. Antenna 1 almost equal to body length; peduncular article 3 longer than 2; flagellum longer than peduncle, composed of about 13 flagellar articles. Antenna 2 longer than 1; peduncular articles 4 and 5 subequal in length; flagellum longer than peduncle, with about 20 articles. Labrum anterior margin weakly setiferous. Mandible with strong molar, palp 3 -articulate, article 1 very short, article 2 much longer than 3, article 3 subsymmetrical, spatulate, with long distal setae. Maxilla 1 inner plate small, subtriangular, asetiferous, palp 2 - articulate, article 2 extending well beyond outer plate. Maxilla 2 inner plate with oblique setal row. Labium mandibular processes rounded. Maxilliped outer plate posterior margin scalloped, palp very long, article 2 elongate, extending well beyond distal margin of outer plate. Pereon. Gnathopod 1 coxa unproduced, rounded; basis moderately stout, about two and a half times as long as broad, with 6–8 long setae on the posterior margin; carpus and propodus subequal; propodus palm evenly rounded delineated by stout robust seta, but evenly continuous with posterior margin; dactylus strong, overlapping position of robust seta. Gnathopod 2 similar to gnathopod 1, basis stout, length less than twice breadth; carpus a little shorter than propodus; propodus subovoid, palm scarcely delineated, delimited by robust seta; dactylus strong, overlapping position of robust seta. Pereopods 3–4 stout, coxa deeper than broad: basis strongly setiferous; dactylus elongate, shorter than propodus. Pereopod 5 basis broad, less than one and one half times as long as broad, posterior margin with long setae; propodus palm with long robust seta; dactylus short, recurved with accessory spine on anterior margin. Pereopod 6 dactylus with small accessory spine on anterior margin. Pereopod 7 basis anterior margin sinuous; dactylus lacking accessory spine. Pleon. Epimera 1–3 rounded. Uropod 1 elongate, peduncle much longer than rami; inner ramus a little longer than outer, outer margin with few robust setae; outer ramus, outer margin with numerous robust setae. Uropod 2 peduncle a little longer than rami, rami subequal with robust setae. Uropod 3 peduncle subequal in length with outer ramus; inner ramus scarcely one third length of outer ramus, with small second article and lacking setae, outer ramus slender, with small second article bearing two long distal setae. Telson dorsoventrally thickened, distal margin weakly convex, with a single fine seta on either side. Female. Based on Holotype female MNHN-IU- 2009 - 585, 3.2 mm, Scarcely differing from male. Gnathopod 2 basis a little less stout. Habitat. Individuals were found between 20 and 35 m depth in muddy sediments (mud percent ranging from 56 % to 82 %) within the Haploops community. This species was absent from surrounding sampled benthic communities, i.e. Owenia fusiformis fine sand community (% mud = 17–19 %; depth ~ 30 m), Amphiura filiformis muddy sand community (% mud = 46–55 %; depth ~ 25 m), and Sternaspis scutata muddy community (% mud = 58–60 %; depth ~ 20 m). Distribution. Currently known only from the type locality. Discussion. Photis inornatus sp.nov. is unique amongst world Photis species in having unornamented palms on gnathopods 1–2 in both sexes. It also differs from other North Atlantic species in having antennae equal in length to the body Photis inornatus was found to be restricted to the Haploops muddy habitat, while other similar sedimentary environments were prospected (Table 1). Within this former habitat, it was present in most sampled stations at densities ranging between 0 and 125 ind.m - 2. Over the year, it was only absent during winter samples (February 2010). Conversely, P. longicaudata was reported in all habitats investigated in the bay of Concarneau, indicated that both species may live in sympatry. It is also hypothesized here a close relationship between Haploops nirae and P. i n o rnatus, either directly due to inter-specific relationships or indirectly due to the special features created by Haploops tube mats. A key to the European Atlantic species of Photis is provided below. TABLE 1. Mean and min-max densities (ind.m - 2) and occurrence frequency of Photis inornatus sp. nov. and Photis longicau- data in the Bay of Concarneau, France, in 2009–2010. Mean density (± SD) (ind.m - 2) Frequency of occurrence min-maxvalues 0–100 0–124Published as part of Myers, Alan A., Rigolet, Carine, Thiébaut, Eric & Dubois, Stanislas F., 2012, A new species of amphipod, Photis inornatus sp. nov. (Corophiidea, Photidae) from a ' Haploops community' in Brittany, pp. 55-61 in Zootaxa 3236 on pages 56-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21489

Structural beams from thick wood panels bonded industrially with formaldehyde-free tannin adhesives

Mimosa tannin hardened with hexamine at pH 10 has shown both at the laboratory and industrial level to be a formaldehyde-free system, within the limits of sensitivity of the method of Japanese standard JIS A 5908. This useful effect is based on the double mechanism of slow hexamine decomposition to reactive imino-amino methylene bases and their immediately subsequent very rapid reaction with the tannin. Decomposition to formaldehyde can never be reached under the conditions used. This yielded a long ambient temperature pot-life coupled with the fast hardening of the adhesive and fast pressing times of the thick panels by introducing a two-step steam-injection sequence during panel pressing. No formaldehyde emission was found in the panels bonded with such an adhesive system once tested according to the relevant Japanese standard. No free formaldehyde was detected by solid state 13C NMR, nor residual hexamine, in the hardened tannin-hexamine adhesive, although these spectra have to be taken with caution due to the usual peak enlargement and relative lack of sensitivity in solid state NMR spectra. The reactions involved were explained by 13C NMR. The panels obtained satisfied the relevant Japanese standard specification for both internal bond strength and formaldehyde emission