Государственная поддержка АПК как фактор мотивации труда аграриев Крыма

В статье рассматривается влияние государственной поддержки АПК на мотивацию работников аграрного сектора. Приводятся аспекты отечественного и зарубежного опыта политики государств в отношении сельскохозяйственных производителей. Предлагаются способы совершенствования системы государственной поддержки АПК Крыма для повышения мотивации труда аграриев.In article is represented the influence of the state's support of the Agro-industry Complex to the workers of agrarian sector, is paid attention to the aspects of the father-lend and foreign experience of the state's politics in accordance with agricultural industry, are recommended the ways of the improvement of the system of the state's support of the Agro-industry Complex of the Crimea for the raising of the agricultural workers' labour

Complete assessment of elastic properties of trabecular bone architecture from 3D reconstruction images

A method is presented that allows for a complete mechanical evaluation of trabecular bone architecture directly from three-dimensional computer reconstruction images. With this method, the reconstruction images are used as a basis for microstructural FE-analyses. From the results of these analyses the full stiffness matrix of bone specimens is obtained, using a standard mechanics approach. An optimization procedure is then used to find the best orthotropic representation and principal directions of this matrix. The method is demonstrated here relative to two trabecular bone specimens. With the development of in vivo reconstructions and the methods demonstrated here, even in vivo measurements will be possibl

The role of trabecular architecture in the anisotropic mechanical properties of bone

As yet, no unique relationship between mechanical and structural parameters has been established for trabecular bone. A possible explanation for the variability in the relationships obtained so far is that the results of mechanical tests represent more parameters than those of trabecular morphology alone. In the present study, the results of such a mechanical test are compared to results of a numerical experiment, from which the isolated mechanical role of the trabecular architecture of a bone specimen is obtained. A mechanically tested bone specimen was reconstructed in a computer and converted to a microstructural FE-model. The results of experiment and FE-simulation were, obviously, not identical. It is hypothesized that experimental artifacts are the most important factors affecting the mechanical test results, thus causing variability in the relationships. More accurate relationships are expected when these artifacts can be excluded, for example, by using microstructural FE-models

Alterations of bone microstructure and strength in end-stage renal failure

Summary: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients have a high risk of fractures. We evaluated bone microstructure and finite-element analysis-estimated strength and stiffness in patients with ESRD by high-resolution peripheral computed tomography. We observed an alteration of cortical and trabecular bone microstructure and of bone strength and stiffness in ESRD patients. Introduction: Fragility fractures are common in ESRD patients on dialysis. Alterations of bone microstructure contribute to skeletal fragility, independently of areal bone mineral density. Methods: We compared microstructure and finite-element analysis estimates of strength and stiffness by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) in 33 ESRD patients on dialysis (17 females and 16 males; mean age, 47.0 ± 12.6years) and 33 age-matched healthy controls. Results: Dialyzed women had lower radius and tibia cortical density with higher radius cortical porosity and lower tibia cortical thickness, compared to controls. Radius trabecular number was lower with higher heterogeneity of the trabecular network. Male patients displayed only a lower radius cortical density. Radius and tibia cortical thickness correlated negatively with bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP). Microstructure did not correlate with parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. Cortical porosity correlated positively with "Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes” working group PTH level categories (r = 0.36, p < 0.04). BMI correlated positively with trabecular number (r = 0.4, p < 0.02) and negatively with trabecular spacing (r = −0.37, p < 0.03) and trabecular network heterogeneity (r = −0.4, p < 0.02). Biomechanics positively correlated with BMI and negatively with BALP. Conclusion: Cortical and trabecular bone microstructure and calculated bone strength are altered in ESRD patients, predominantly in women. Bone microstructure and biomechanical assessment by HR-pQCT may be of major clinical relevance in the evaluation of bone fragility in ESRD patient

Vascular channels in metacarpophalangeal joints:a comparative histologic and high-resolution imaging study

We evaluated whether cortical interruptions classified as vascular channel (VC) on high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) could be confirmed by histology. We subsequently evaluated the image characteristics of histologically identified VCs on matched single and multiplane HR-pQCT images. Four 3-mm thick portions in three anatomic metacarpophalangeal joint specimens were selected for histologic sectioning. First, VCs identified with HR-pQCT were examined for confirmation on histology. Second and independently, VCs identified by histology were matched to single and multiplane HR-pQCT images to assess for presence of cortical interruptions. Only one out of five cortical interruptions suggestive for VC on HR-pQCT could be confirmed on histology. In contrast, 52 VCs were identified by histology of which 39 (75%) could be classified as cortical interruption or periosteal excavation on matched single HR-pQCT slices. On multiplane HR-pQCT images, 11 (21%) showed a cortical interruption in at least two consecutive slices in two planes, 36 (69%) in at least one slice in two planes and five (10%) showed no cortical interruption. Substantially more VCs were present in histology sections than initially suggested by HR-pQCT. The small size and heterogeneous presentation, limit the identification as VC on HR-pQCT.</p

Biopsy prostate cancer perineural invasion and tumour load are associated with positive posterolateral margins at radical prostatectomy:implications for planning of nerve-sparing surgery

Aims: Radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer is frequently complicated by erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence. However, sparing of the nerve bundles adjacent to the posterolateral sides of the prostate reduces the number of complications at the risk of positive surgical margins. Preoperative selection of men eligible for safe, nerve-sparing surgery is therefore needed. Our aim was to identify pathological factors associated with positive posterolateral surgical margins in men undergoing bilateral nerve-sparing RP. Methods and results: Prostate cancer patients undergoing RP with standardised intra-operative surgical margin assessment according to the NeuroSAFE technique were included. Preoperative biopsies were reviewed for grade group (GG), cribriform and/or intraductal carcinoma (CR/IDC), perineural invasion (PNI), cumulative tumour length and extraprostatic extension (EPE). Of 624 included patients, 573 (91.8%) received NeuroSAFE bilaterally and 51 (8.2%) unilaterally, resulting in a total of 1197 intraoperative posterolateral surgical margin assessments. Side-specific biopsy findings were correlated to ipsilateral NeuroSAFE outcome. Higher biopsy GG, CR/IDC, PNI, EPE, number of positive biopsies and cumulative tumour length were all associated with positive posterolateral margins. In multivariable bivariate logistic regression, ipsilateral PNI [odds ratio (OR) = 2.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.62–5.48; P &lt; 0.001] and percentage of positive cores (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.08–1.29; P &lt; 0.001) were significant predictors for a positive posterolateral margin, while GG and CR/IDC were not. Conclusions: Ipsilateral PNI and percentage of positive cores were significant predictors for a positive posterolateral surgical margin at RP. Biopsy PNI and tumour volume can therefore support clinical decision-making on the level of nerve-sparing surgery in prostate cancer patients.</p