Homophobia, heterosexism and Physical Education: Students' perceptions

España ha vivido en los últimos años un avance legislativo con respecto a la defensa de igualdades entre hombres y mujeres. La escuela tiene la obligación de educar a su alumnado con una visión crítica de la sociedad androcéntrica que se vive en el país. A nivel legal, heterosexualidad y homosexualidad son orientaciones sexuales que en España han alcanzado la plena igualdad. Sin embargo, esta diversidad sexual que tanto las leyes como la mayor parte de la sociedad española asumen sin mayor problema, no encuentra un desarrollo paralelo en el Sistema Educativo español. Con este estudio se persigue conocer las percepciones de la juventud con respecto a la homofobia y el heterosexismo en las clases de Educación Física. La investigación se lleva a cabo con la participación de 245 estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Sevilla, que respondieron a un cuestionario referente a conductas heterosexistas y homofóbicas percibidas durante el periodo de Educación Secundaria. Los resultados de este trabajo ponen de manifiesto la generalización de conductas heterosexistas, así como el alto porcentaje de estudiantes que han sido testigos o han experimentado en primera persona comportamientos homófobos. Además, se constata una falta de concienciación al respecto entre el profesorado de Educación Física. Como consecuencia de ello se apunta la necesidad de formar y sensibilizar al profesorado de Educación Física dotándolo de estrategias de actuación adecuadas para ello, así como seguir incidiendo en el estudio y producción de conocimiento sobre el heterosexismo y la homofobia en el ámbito de la Educación FísicaSpain has seen in recent years a legislative progress regarding the defence of gender equalities. Schools have the obligation to educate their students with a critical view of androcentric society that exists in the country. At the legal level, heterosexuality and homosexuality are sexual orientations in Spain that have reached full equality. However, this sexual diversity, which both laws and most of Spanish society assume with no problems, doesn’t find a parallel development in the Spanish educational system. This study aims to understand the perceptions of youth regarding homophobia and heterosexism in Physical Education classes. The research was carried out with the participation of 245 students from the Faculty of Educational Sciences at the University of Seville. The participants responded to a questionnaire concerning heterosexist and homophobic behaviours perceived during their secondary education. The results show the generalization of heterosexist behaviours, as well as the high percentage of students who have witnessed or experienced firsthand homophobic behaviours. Furthermore, we see a lack of awareness in that sense among Physical Education teachers. Consequently, we highlight the need to educate and to sensitize the Physical Education teacher providing them with appropriate intervention strategies, and fostering the knowledge about heterosexism and homophobia in the field of Physical Educatio

Mujer y cine: un acercamiento al rol femenino en la cinematografía deportiva

Este trabajo presenta una profundización en un segmento de la investigación cinematográfica poco habitual, como es el rol y algunas cualidades asociadas a la mujer en el cine de temática deportiva en el periodo comprendido entre el año 2000 al 2009. Para tal cuestión, se estableció una muestra de 74 películas, seleccionadas mediante muestreo no probabilístico por cuotas y con un diseño de corte descriptivo, escogiéndose el instrumento de análisis de contenido para llevar a cabo tal cuestión. Los resultados reflejan el modelo imperante actualmente que se le atribuye al sexo femenino, lo que cuestiona el peso que supone la industria cinematográfica como instrumento de normalización en el tratamiento de la mujer

Homophobia and heterosexism: Spanish Physical Education teachers’ perceptions

Physical education is traditionally a heteronormative environment, despite current studies highlighting the existence of positive changes in sport towards sexual diversity. In Spain, physical education teachers’ attitudes towards sexual minorities are an under-researched area. The current study identifies physical education teachers’ perceptions towards homophobia and heterosexism in their lessons, raising questions as to whether societies are hostile or more tolerant in regards to gays and lesbians in sport. This experimental and cross-sectional descriptive research involved 170 Physical Education teachers from mixed schools, using a modified version of the original questionnaire of homophobia and heterosexism perceptions by Morrow and Gill (2003). Results show heterosexist and homophobic behavior is apparent in physical education lessons, with teachers aware of these behaviours. Furthermore, it is highlighted that students use homosexually-themed language as an instrument to discriminate against gays and lesbians. This language use is not common among teachers, although when it is present, it is clearer and more frequent amongst male teachers

Urban–rural differences of gynaecological malignancies in Egypt (1999–2002)

Please cite this paper as: Dey S, Hablas A, Seifeldin I, Ismail K, Ramadan M, El-Hamzawy H, Wilson M, Banerjee M, Boffetta P, Harford J, Merajver S, Soliman A. Urban–rural differences of gynaecological malignancies in Egypt (1999–2002). BJOG 2010;117:348–355.In previous studies, we have shown a three to four times higher urban incidence of breast cancer and estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers in the Gharbiah Province of Egypt. We investigated the urban–rural incidence differences of gynaecologic malignancies (uterine, ovarian and cervical cancers) to explore if they show the same trend that we found for breast cancer.Cancer registry-based incidence comparison.Gharbiah population-based cancer registry (GPCR), Tanta, Egypt.All patients with uterine, ovarian and cervical cancer in GPCR from 1999 to 2002.We calculated uterine, ovarian and cervical cancer incidence from 1999 to 2002. For each of the three cancers, we calculated the overall and age-specific rates for the province as a whole, and by urban–rural status, as well as for the eight districts of the province.Incidence of all three cancer sites was higher in urban than in rural areas. Uterine cancer showed the highest urban–rural incidence rate ratio (IRR = 6.07, 95% CI = 4.17, 8.85). Uterine cancer also showed the highest urban incidence in the oldest age group (70+ age category, IRR = 14.39, 95% CI = 4.24, 48.87) and in developed districts (Tanta, IRR = 4.14, 95% CI = 0.41, 42.04). Incidence rates by groups of cancer sites showed an increasing gradient of urban incidence for cancers related to hormonal aetiology, mainly of the breast and uterus (IRR = 4.96, 95% CI = 2.86, 8.61).The higher urban incidence of uterine cancer, coupled with our previous findings of higher incidence of breast cancer and estrogen receptor positive breast cancer in urban areas in this region, may be suggestive of possible higher exposure to environmental estrogenic compounds, such as xenoestrogens, in urban areas.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/78726/1/j.1471-0528.2009.02447.x.pd

Tibial tubercle osteotomy for access during revision knee arthroplasty: Ethibond suture repair technique

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Tibial Tubercle Osteotomy has shown much promise in revision total knee replacement. Methods of repair previously described include screw and wire fixation. Both methods have significant complications.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This article describes suture fixation of the osteotomy using Ethibond sutures placed medially with a lateral periosteal hinge.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>This method of fixation relies upon an adequate osteotomy segment including the entire insertion of the patella tendon. The lateral periosteal hinge is maintained and adds to the stability of the construct. A minimum of two number 5 Ethibond sutures are passed medially through drill holes to secure the osteotomy segment. No post-operative immobilisation is required.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Ethibond sutures provide adequate fixation of the tibial tubercle osteotomy segment in revision knee arthroplasty with reduced risk of complication as compared to conventional fixation methods.</p

Attitudes towards coeducation in Andalucía. Are Physical Education teachers differents?

Las investigaciones de género en Educación destacan la figura del docente como un agente primordial para el cambio de la cultura escolar de género. En este trabajo buscamos comparar las actitudes hacia la igualdad de género del profesorado general frente al profesorado de Educación Física (EF). Para ello, el estudio sigue una metodología cuantitativa tipo encuesta en la que participan 1.469 docentes de Andalucía. Los resultados destacan que nuestro grupo de docentes de EF muestra una actitud adaptativa hacia el cambio, mientras que el resto del profesorado tiene un posicionamiento coeducativo. Concluimos que el profesorado de EF necesita una formación de género para sensibilizar y actualizar los conocimientos, especialmente en los varones.The investigations on gender in education show that the teacher is a key agent for the change in regards to the gender culture in schools. In this study, we compare the attitudes of teachers in general versus Physical Education (PE) teachers’ attitudes towards gender equality. The 1.469 participants in this study were teachers from Andalusia. The results show that our PE teachers group has an adaptative attitude towards change, while the rest of the teachers lean towards coeducation. PE teachers, and especially male teachers, need gender education in order to acquire sensitivity and to bring their knowledge up to date

Historical Trends in pH and Carbonate Biogeochemistry on the Belize Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System

Coral reefs are important ecosystems that are increasingly negatively impacted by human activities. Understanding which anthropogenic stressors play the most significant role in their decline is vital for the accurate prediction of future trends in coral reef health and for effective mitigation of these threats. Here we present annually resolved boron and carbon isotope measurements of two cores capturing the past 90 years of growth of the tropical reef-building coral Siderastrea siderea from the Belize Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System. The pairing of these two isotope systems allows us to parse the reconstructed pH change into relative changes in net ecosystem productivity and net ecosystem calcification between the two locations. This approach reveals that the relationship between seawater pH and coral calcification, at both a colony and ecosystem level, is complex and cannot simply be modeled as linear or even positive. This study also underscores both the utility of coupled δ11B-δ13C measurements in tracing past biogeochemical cycling in coral reefs and the complexity of this cycling relative to the open ocean