933 research outputs found
Moral Property Rights in Bargaining
In many business transactions, in labor-management relations, in international conflicts, and welfare state reforms claims acquired in the past seem to create strong entitlements that shape current negotiations. Despite their importance, the role of entitlements in negotiations has not received much attention. We fill the gap by designing an experiment that allows us to measure the entitlements and to track them through the whole negotiation process. We find strong entitlement effects that shape opening offers, bargaining duration, concessions and reached (dis-)agreements. We argue that entitlements constitute a “moral property right” that is influential independent of negotiators’ legal property rights.moral property rights, fairness judgements, bargaining with claims, self-serving bias
Dividing Justly in Bargaining Problems with Claims: Normative Judgments and Actual Negotiations
Theoretical research on claims problems has concentrated on normative properties and
axiomatizations of solution concepts. We complement these analyses by empirical evidence
on the predictability of three classical solution concepts in a bankruptcy problem. We
examine both people's impartial normative evaluations as well as their actual negotiation
behavior in a bargaining with claims environment. We measure people's judgments on the
normative attractiveness of solution concepts with the help of a survey and also observe
actual agreements in a bargaining experiment with real money at stake. We find that the
proportional solution is the normatively most attractive rule, whereas actual negotiation
agreements are closest to the 'constrained equal award' solution
Moral Property Rights in Bargaining
"In many business transactions, in labor-management relations, in international conflicts, and welfare state reforms bargainers seem to hold strong entitlements that shape negotiations. Despite their importance, the role of entitlements in negotiations has not received much attention. We fill the gap by designing an experiment that allows us to measure the entitlements and to track them through the whole negotiation process. We find strong entitlement effects that shape opening offers, bargaining duration, concessions and reached (dis-)agreements. We argue that entitlements constitute a “moral property right” that is influential independent of negotiators’ legal property rights.
Polarization Properties of the "Photon Pistol"
The deterministic single-photon emission by means of STIRAP through the atoms
with degenerate levels is studied. The expression for the polarization matrix
of the emitted photon is obtained and its dependence on the polarization of the
driving laser field and on the initial atomic state is examined.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure
Bose-Einstein condensate as a quantum memory for a photonic polarization qubit
A scheme based on electromagnetically induced transparency is used to store
light in a Bose-Einstein condensate. In this process, a photonic polarization
qubit is stored in atomic Zeeman states. The performance of the storage process
is characterized and optimized. The average process fidelity is 1.000 +/-
0.004. For long storage times, temporal fluctuations of the magnetic field
reduce this value, yielding a lifetime of the fidelity of 1.1 +/- 0.2 ms. The
write-read efficiency of the pulse energy can reach 0.53 +/- 0.05
A new measure for in vivo thrombin activity in comparison with in vitro thrombin generation potential in patients with hyper- and hypocoagulability
The thrombin generation potential is an in vitro measure for the capacity of an individual to generate thrombin and recognized as a reflection of a hypo- or hypercoagulable status. Measurement of the in vivo thrombin activity, however, may be of clinical significance. We evaluated a new assay for in vivo thrombin activity and compared it to the in vitro thrombin generation potential in patients with hemophilia A (N = 15), oral anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation (AF) (N = 20), subjects with active cancer (N = 21), and healthy volunteers (N = 10). Thrombin activity was measured with a commercially available oligonucleotide enzyme capture assay in argatroban-stabilized plasma samples. Thrombin generation potential was determined with a commercially available assay in citrated plasma. Thrombin activity was detected in 17 (30.4 %) patients (mean 0.30 mU/ml [SD 0.80]), and in 39 patients (69.6 %) no thrombin activity was present. In cancer patients, thrombin activity was detected in 11 patients (52 %) (range 0.14-5.00 mU/ml) and was particularly increased in 3 patients with vessel-invasive tumors (1.2, 1.5, and 5.0 mU/ml). In AF patients, thrombin activity was only measureable in two patients (10 %) (recent hematoma [0.4 mU/ml] and recent ischemic stroke [1.5 mU/ml]). Thrombin activity was detected in four patients (27 %) with hemophilia (range 0.29-1.75 mU/ml), all of whom had received a factor VIII infusion on the same day. Thrombin activity did not correlate with any of the parameters of the thrombin generation potential. Only patients in acute procoagulatory states or after clotting factor replacement had elevated in vivo thrombin activity, which was, however, unrelated to the in vitro thrombin generation potential
Hiring Through Referrals in a Labor Market with Adverse Selection
Information asymmetries can prevent markets from operating efficiently. An important example is the labor market, where employers face uncertainty about the productivity of job candidates. We examine theoretically and with laboratory experiments three key questions related to hiring via referrals when employees have private information about their productivity. First, do firms use employee referrals when there are social ties between a current employee and a future employee? Second, does the existence of social ties and hiring through employee referrals indeed alleviate adverse selection relative to when social ties do not exist? Third, does the existence of social ties have spill-over effects on wages and hiring in competitive labor markets? The answers to all three questions are affirmative. However, despite the identified positive effect of employment referrals, hiring decisions fall short of the (second-best) efficient outcome. We identify risk aversion as a potential reason for this
Sustainable Chemistry at the Universities of Applied Sciences: FH - HES
An overview of activities in the field of sustainable or 'green' chemistry at the Universities of Applied Sciences in Switzerland is presented
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