Words without vowels : phonetic and phonological evidence from Tashlhiyt Berber

This article deals with the Tashlhiyt dialect of Berber (henceforth TB) spoken in the southern part of Morocco. In TB, words may consist entirely of consonants without vowels and sometimes of only voiceless obstruents, e.g. tft#tstt "you rolled it (fem)". In this study we have carried out acoustic, video-endoscopic and phonological analyses to answer the following question: is schwa, which may function as syllabic, a segment at the level of phonetic representations in TB? Video-endoscopic films were made of one male native speaker of TB, producing a list of forms consisting entirely of voiceless obstruents. The same list was produced by 7 male native speakers of TB for the acoustic analysis. The phonological analysis is based on the behaviour of vowels with respect to the phonological rule of assibilation. This study shows the absence of schwa vowels in forms consisting of voiceless obstruents

Analyse fibroscopique des consonnes sourdes en berbère

International audienceThis article deals with laryngeal adjustments duringthe production of singleton voiceless consonants inTashlhiyt Berber. It focuses on the influence ofplace and manner of articulation and effects ofposition in the word. Results provide evidence thatthe degree of glottal opening as well as the velocityof abduction-adduction gestures vary according tothe place of articulation of stops and fricatives andtheir position in the word. Systematic differences,reflecting a universal tendency, were also observedbetween stops and fricatives. The specific laryngealadjustments during the production of uvulars andso-called pharyngeal will be briefly outlined in thediscussion.Cet article traite des ajustements laryngaux lors de la production des obstruentes sourdes en berbère chleuh, en s'intéressant plus particulièrement aux effets induits par le mode et le point d'articulations des obstruentes ainsi que leur position dans le mot

On the phonetic implementation of syllabic consonants and vowel-less syllables in Tashlhiyt

This paper presents an acoustic and electropalatographic study of how vowel-less syllables and their constituents are phonetically implemented in Tashlhiyt Berber. Three issues are addressed. First, we determine whether the acoustic and articulatory make-up of a consonant changes as a function of its position within a syllable (C-nucleus vs. C-onset vs. C-coda). Second, we consider the patterns of articulatory coordination between consonants as a function of their position within and across the syllable. Third, we test whether nuclei consonants are produced as sequences of schwa vowels + consonants. While some differences are observed in linguopalatal articulation, position in a syllable is not found to affect the acoustic and articulatory duration of a consonant in Tashlhiyt. Interestingly, syllable organization appears to be reflected in the specifications of the coordination between consonants. Consonants in nucleus position are more stable in their coordination with flanking consonants and are less overlapped by a following consonant. In addition, our results suggest that the occurrence of a schwa-like element before a consonant depends on the laryngeal specifications of the consonants in the sequence rather than on its syllabic status.This paper presents an acoustic and electropalatographic study of how vowel-less syllables and their constituents are phonetically implemented in Tashlhiyt Berber. Three issues are addressed. First, we determine whether the acoustic and articulatory make-up of a consonant changes as a function of its position within a syllable (C-nucleus vs. C-onset vs. C-coda). Second, we consider the patterns of articulatory coordination between consonants as a function of their position within and across the syllable. Third, we test whether nuclei consonants are produced as sequences of schwa vowels + consonants. While some differences are observed in linguopalatal articulation, position in a syllable is not found to affect the acoustic and articulatory duration of a consonant in Tashlhiyt. Interestingly, syllable organization appears to be reflected in the specifications of the coordination between consonants. Consonants in nucleus position are more stable in their coordination with flanking consonants and are less overlapped by a following consonant. In addition, our results suggest that the occurrence of a schwa-like element before a consonant depends on the laryngeal specifications of the consonants in the sequence rather than on its syllabic status.Este artículo presenta un estudio acústico y electropalatográfico sobre cómo se implemententan en Bereber Tashlhyt las sílabas sin vocales y sus constituyentes. Para ello se abordan tres cuestiones. En primer lugar determinamos si la composición acústica y articulatoria de una consonante cambia como una función de su posición en la sílaba (C-núcleo vs. C-ataqu, vs. C-coda). En segundo lugar, consideramos los patrones de la coordinación articulatoria entre consonantes como una función de su posición en y a través de la sílaba. Y en tercer lugar, examinamos si los núcleos de las sílabas son producidos como secuencia de vocal schwa + consonantes. Si bien se han observado algunas diferencias en la articulación linguopalatal, por otra parte no se ha encontrado que la posición en una sílaba afecte a la duración articulatoria y acústica de las consonantes en Tashlhyt. Curiosamente, la organización de la sílaba parece estar reflejada en las especificaciones de la coordinación entre consonantes. Las consonantes en la posición de núcleo son más estables en su coordinación con las consonantes de sus flancos y están menos solapadas por la consonante siguiente. En adición, nuestros resultados sugieren que la aparición de elementos tipo schwa antes de una consonante depende de las especificaciones laríngeas de las consonantes en la secuencia más que de su estatus silábico

Laryngeal Adjustments in the Production of Voiceless<br />Obstruent Clusters in Berber

Laryngeal adjustments in voiceless obstruent clusters in Tashlhiyt Berber were examined bymeans of simultaneous transillumination, fibre-optic films and acoustic recordings. This languageallows a rich variety of voiceless clusters naturally. Several combinations of /s/ and /k/clusters including singleton and geminate consonants were examined. We focused on thenumber of glottal-opening gestures, the influence of manner of articulation and effects ofword boundaries. Results of this study provide evidence that the manner of articulation ofsegments and their position in the clusters have a major impact both on the number and onthe location of glottal abduction movements. Word boundaries did not influence laryngealadjustment to the same extent

Ultrasound study of Moroccan Arabic labiovelarization

In this survey, we have provided some acoustic and ultrasound data from two subjects to characterize a secondary articulation generally analyzed as labialization in Moroccan Arabic. Our results show that the so-called labialized consonants are rather labiovelarized. They also show that the vowel [a] adjacent to the labiovelarized consonants is velarized

Assimilation of Voicing in Czech Speakers of English: The Effect of the Degree of Accentedness

Czech and English are languages which differ with respect to the implementation of voicing. Unlike in English, there is a considerable agreement between phonological (systemic) and phonetic (actual) voicing in Czech, and, more importantly, the two languages have different strategies for the assimilation of voicing across the word boundary. The present study investigates the voicing in word-final obstruents in Czech speakers of English with the specific aim of ascertaining whether the degree of the speakers’ foreign accent correlates with the way they treat English obstruents in assimilatory contexts. L2 speakers, divided into three groups of varying accentedness, were examined employing categorization and a voicing profile method for establishing the presence/absence of voicing. The results suggest that speakers with a different degree of Czech accent do differ in their realization of voicing in the way predicted by a negative transfer of assimilatory habits from Czech

SDK per a la representació d’objectes en 3D

Treballs Finals de Grau d'Enginyeria Informàtica, Facultat de Matemàtiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Any: 2024, Director: Marc Bolaños Solà i Petia Radeva[en] Creation of an SDK where the main goals are camera and frames information gathering and classification, the main frame of the capture detection and video creation applied to the food domain made by the frames captured using algorithms implemented in Android, is the main topic of this work. We have studied how to capture the correct and necessary images to build a representation of food based on the center of the scene and the angle created between the first frame and the center of the scene. To achieve this goal we have implemented several algorithms to detect, compute and update the center of the scene dynamically and also compute the angles and classify them into ranges in real time to achieve an optimal 3D representation. Furthermore, the Kalman filter has been implemented to provide more robustness to the data acquisition, preventing internal errors in obtaining information from the captured frame camera. Also, since the capture of frames is done dynamically, it allows us to improve motion errors made unconsciously by the user

Compounded Heat Transfer Enhancement in Enclosure Natural Convection by Changing the Cold Wall Shape and the Gas Composition

This article addresses compound heat transfer enhancement for gaseous natural convection in closed enclosure