Letter from A. Riddle & Elizabeth Riddle to James B. Finley

Mr. and Mrs. Riddle write to let Finley know what is happening with the Cincinnati churches with regard to the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. Members from several MEC churches have withdrawn to form the Vine Street society under Rev. Sehon and Rev. Maley, with the hope of becoming part of the southern church -- 50 from Wesley Chapel, 15 from Morris Chapel, 12 from Asbury, 6 from 9th St. charge, and 3 from Ebenezer. Thankfully, there have been no withdrawals from the Bethel congregation, currently well served by Rev. White. Riddle states that the Vine Street congregation will not be received into the MECS because it can\u27t be done without violating the whole Plan. He does not believe the society will last long. [Note: The Vine Street society did vote to go with the MECS, becoming Soule Chapel in the Covington District of the Kentucky MECS Conference. In 1846, E.W. Sehon and Samuel E.Latta are listed as the appointed pastors.]. Abstract Number - 811https://digitalcommons.owu.edu/finley-letters/2315/thumbnail.jp

Using diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis to determine age at death

This research took an age-related condition, diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) and used it to create a new technique for estimating the age at death of older human skeletal remains (age ≥40). Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis is a condition characterized spinally by ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament resulting in fusion of vertebrae; and extraspinally by enthesopathies, ossification at sites of ligament or muscle attachments. Using the Terry Collection, housed at the Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, 1728 human skeletons of known age at death were analyzed looking for evidence of spinal DISH. Found in 94 individuals, the level of DISH was scored and measured. The measurements taken from these individuals were correlated to age at death using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient tests. Regression equations were created based on the correlations and produced R-square values of 52% for incipient/mild males, 41% for moderate/severe males, 85% for incipient/mild females and 91% for moderate/severe females, meaning that DISH is a good indicator of age at death, especially in females. This research is unique in that most techniques for age estimation reach their maximum at about 60 years, while the DISH-based technique presented in this thesis can reliably age people into their early 100s. Thus the results of this research make a valuable contribution to the field of physical anthropology

Temporally adaptive monitoring procedures with applications in enterprise cyber-security

Due to the perpetual threat of cyber-attacks, enterprises must employ and develop new methods of detection as attack vectors evolve and advance. Enterprise computer networks produce a large volume and variety of data including univariate data streams, time series and network graph streams. Motivated by cyber-security, this thesis develops adaptive monitoring tools for univariate and network graph data streams, however, they are not limited to this domain. In all domains, real data streams present several challenges for monitoring including trend, periodicity and change points. Streams often also have high volume and frequency. To deal with the non-stationarity in the data, the methods applied must be adaptive. Adaptability in the proposed procedures throughout the thesis is introduced using forgetting factors, weighting the data accordingly to recency. Secondly, methods applied must be computationally fast with a small or fixed computation burden and fixed storage requirements for timely processing. Throughout this thesis, sequential or sliding window approaches are employed to achieve this. The first part of the thesis is centred around univariate monitoring procedures. A sequential adaptive parameter estimator is proposed using a Bayesian framework. This procedure is then extended for multiple change point detection, where, unlike existing change point procedures, the proposed method is capable of detecting abrupt changes in the presence of trend. We additionally present a time series model which combines short-term and long-term behaviours of a series for improved anomaly detection. Unlike existing methods which primarily focus on point anomalies detection (extreme outliers), our method is capable of also detecting contextual anomalies, when the data deviates from persistent patterns of the series such as seasonality. Finally, a novel multi-type relational clustering methodology is proposed. As multiple relations exist between the different entities within a network (computers, users and ports), multiple network graphs can be generated. We propose simultaneously clustering over all graphs to produce a single clustering for each entity using Non-Negative Matrix Tri-Factorisation. Through simplifications, the proposed procedure is fast and scalable for large network graphs. Additionally, this methodology is extended for graph streams. This thesis provides an assortment of tools for enterprise network monitoring with a focus on adaptability and scalability making them suitable for intrusion detection and situational awareness.Open Acces

csal1 Is Controlled by a Combination of FGF and Wnt Signals in Developing Limb Buds

While some of the signaling molecules that govern establishment of the limb axis have been characterized, little is known about the downstream effector genes that interpret these signals. In Drosophila, the spalt gene is involved in cell fate determination and pattern formation in different tissues. We have cloned a chick homologue of Drosophila spalt, which we have termed csal1, and this study focuses on the regulation of csal1 expression in the limb bud. csal1 is expressed in limb buds from HH 17 to 26, in both the apical ectodermal ridge and the distal mesenchyme. Signals from the apical ridge are essential for csal1 expression, while the dorsal ectoderm is required for csal1 expression at a distance from the ridge. Our data indicate that both FGF and Wnt signals are required for the regulation of csal1 expression in the limb. Mutations in the human homologue of csal1, termed Hsal1/SALL1, result in a condition known as Townes–Brocks syndrome (TBS), which is characterized by preaxial polydactyly. The developmental expression of csal1 together with the digit phenotype in TBS patients suggests that csal1 may play a role in some aspects of distal patterning

Parenting young children with developmental disabilities: Experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S.

High-stress events (e.g., natural disasters, political unrest, disease) significantly impact the lives of children and families. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one event that has brought numerous hardships to families and children with developmental disabilities (DD), likely exacerbating already heightened levels of stress. For this study, we interviewed mothers living in the U.S. (N = 14) of 2- to 8-year-old children with DD about how COVID-19 has affected their family life. The interviews examined how the pandemic impacted (a) their child’s educational, therapeutic, and medical services, (b) their stress and resiliency, and (c) their parenting role as an advocate, educator, and interventionist. The results of our thematic analysis of the qualitative data highlight four domains with themes that describe families’ experiences as indicated by the mothers interviewed. Voices of families are essential in the delivery of effective and ethical early intervention for young children with disabilities. Based on the data from these interviews with mothers, suggestions for family-focused intervention to support families during high-stress events are discussed. As the long-term effects of the pandemic remain unknown, suggestions for future research to continue to examine the impact of high-stress experiences on young children with DD and their families are also presented

Serum lipid profiles among patients initiating ritonavir-boosted atazanavir versus efavirenz-based regimens

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Antiretrovirals used to treat HIV-infected patients have the potential to adversely affect serum lipid profiles and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease which is an emerging concern among HIV-infected patients. Since boosted atazanavir and efavirenz are both considered preferred antiretrovirals a head to head comparison of their effects on serum lipids is needed.</p> <p>Aim</p> <p>The primary objective of the study was to compare the effects of atazanavir (boosted and unboosted) and efavirenz based regimens on serum lipid profiles.</p> <p>Study Design</p> <p>Prospective cohort study nested within three ongoing cohorts of HIV-infected individuals.</p> <p>Study Population and Methods</p> <p>Participants initiating either atazanavir or efavirenz based regimens with documented pre- and post-initiation lipid values. Multivariate linear regression was conducted to estimate adjusted mean differences between treatment groups for high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), non-HDL-c, and log total cholesterol (TC) to HDL-c ratio outcomes; log-linear regression models were used to estimate differences in prevalence of low HDL-c and desirable TC.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The final study population was comprised of 380 efavirenz and 281 atazanavir initiators. Both atazanavir and efavirenz users had increases in serum HDL-c and decreases in TC/HDL ratio. In comparison to individuals initiating efavirenz, boosted atazanavir users on average had lower HDL-c (-4.12 mg/dl, p < 0.001) and non HDL-c (-5.75 mg/dl, p < 0.01), but similar declines in TC/HDL ratio.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Both efavirenz and atazanavir-based regimens (boosted and unboosted) resulted in similar beneficial declines in the TC/HDL ratio.</p

Deworming children for soil-transmitted helminths in low and middle-income countries: Systematic review and individual participant data network meta-analysis

Intestinal parasites affect millions of children globally. We aimed to assess effects of deworming children on nutritional and cognitive outcomes across potential effect modifiers using individual participant data (IPD). We searched multiple databases to 27 March 2018, grey literature, and other sources. We included randomised and quasi randomised trials of deworming compared to placebo or other nutritional interventions with data on baseline infection. We used a random-effects network meta-analysis with IPD and assessed overall quality, following a pre-specified protocol. We received IPD from 19 trials of STH deworming. Overall risk of bias was low. There were no statistically significant subgroup effects across age, sex, nutritional status or infection intensity for each type of STH. These analyses showed that children with moderate or heavy intensity infections, deworming for STH may increase weight gain (very low certainty). The added value of this review is an exploration of effects on growth and cognition in children with moderate to heavy infections as well as replicating prior systematic review results of small effects at the population level. Policy implications are that complementary public health strategies need to be assessed and considered to achieve growth and cognition benefits for children in helminth endemic areas