A new method to improve photometric redshift reconstruction. Applications to the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope

In the next decade, the LSST will become a major facility for the astronomical community. However accurately determining the redshifts of the observed galaxies without using spectroscopy is a major challenge. Reconstruction of the redshifts with high resolution and well-understood uncertainties is mandatory for many science goals, including the study of baryonic acoustic oscillations. We investigate different approaches to establish the accuracy that can be reached by the LSST six-band photometry. We construct a realistic mock galaxy catalog, based on the GOODS survey luminosity function, by simulating the expected apparent magnitude distribution for the LSST. To reconstruct the photometric redshifts (photo-z's), we consider a template-fitting method and a neural network method. The photo-z reconstruction from both of these techniques is tested on real CFHTLS data and also on simulated catalogs. We describe a new method to improve photo-z reconstruction that efficiently removes catastrophic outliers via a likelihood ratio statistical test. This test uses the posterior probability functions of the fit parameters and the colors. We show that the photometric redshift accuracy will meet the stringent LSST requirements up to redshift $\sim2.5$ after a selection that is based on the likelihood ratio test or on the apparent magnitude for galaxies with $S/N>5$ in at least 5 bands. The former selection has the advantage of retaining roughly 35% more galaxies for a similar photo-z performance compared to the latter. Photo-z reconstruction using a neural network algorithm is also described. In addition, we utilize the CFHTLS spectro-photometric catalog to outline the possibility of combining the neural network and template-fitting methods. We conclude that the photo-z's will be accurately estimated with the LSST if a Bayesian prior probability and a calibration sample are used.Comment: 19 pages, 25 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics Astronomy and Astrophysics, 201

Etude de la détection de monopôles magnétiques au sein du futur télescope à neutrinos ANTARES et caractérisation des performances du traitement des impulsions des photomultiplicateurs

Grand unified theories (GUT) involve phase transitions in the early universe, that could create topological defects, like magnetic monopoles. Monopoles main characteristics are shown and in particular energy losses and flux limits. High energy neutrino telescopes offer a new opportunity for magnetic monopole search. The study of the photomultiplier pulse treatment by the Antares detector front-end electronics indicates that this one is well adapted to the telescope needs. The pulses detailled analysis has allowed to obtain a time measurement precision lower than 0.6 ns and electronic noise and saturation have no relevant effect on the telescope performances. Relativistic monopoles generate a large amount of light, that leads to an effective area for the Antares detector of about 0.06 km2 for velocities beta_mon = 0.6 and 0.35 km2 for velocities beta_mon ~ 1. Monopole track are well reconstructed and the velocity determination is made with an error lower than few percents, which represents a decisive result for the background rejection, caused by high energy muons with a velocity beta_mu ~ 1. The very dispersive light emission of monopoles below the Tcherenkov limit, 0.6 0.8, bad reconstructed events can be rejected from the Tcherenkov emission parametrisation. A magnetic monopole signal can then clearly be distinguished from background.Les théories de grande unification (GUT) impliquent des transitions de phase dans l'Univers primordial, qui pourraient donner naissance à des défauts topologiques, parmi lesquels on trouve des monopôles magnétiques. Les principales caractéristiques de ces monopôles sont présentées, notamment leurs pertes d'énergie dans la matière et les limites sur leur flux. Les télescopes à neutrinos de haute énergie offrent une nouvelle opportunité pour leur recherche. L'étude du traitement des impulsions des photomultiplicateurs par l'électronique de lecture du détecteur Antares indique que celle-ci est bien adaptée aux besoins du télescope. L'analyse détaillée des impulsions permet d'obtenir une précision finale sur la mesure temporelle inférieure à 0.6 ns et le bruit électronique et la saturation ont peu d'effet sur les performances du télescope. Les monopôles relativistes émettent une grande quantité de lumière qui conduit à une surface effective de détection pour le télescope Antares allant de 0.06 km2 pour des vitesses beta_mon = 0.6, à 0.35 km2 pour des vitesses beta_mon ~ 1. La trace des monopôles est bien reconstruite et la détermination de leur vitesse est faite avec une erreur inférieure à quelques pourcents, ce qui constitue un élément déterminant pour le rejet du bruit de fond causé par les muons de haute énergie, de vitesse beta_mu ~ 1. L'émission lumineuse très dispersée des monopôles en dessous de la limite Tcherenkov, 0.6 0.8, les muons mal reconstruits peuvent être rejetés grâce à la paramétrisation de l'émission Tcherenkov. Le signal d'un monopôle magnétique se distingue alors clairement du bruit de fond

Etude de la détection de monopôles magnétiques au sein du futur télescope à neutrinos Antares et caractérisation des performances du traitement des impulsions des photomultiplicateurs

AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Sci.Luminy (130552106) / SudocSTRASBOURG-Bib.Central Recherche (674822133) / SudocSudocFranceF

Large Synoptic Survey Telescope: Dark Energy Science Collaboration

See paper for full list of authors - 133 pages; a White Paper describing the goals of the LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration and its work plan for the next three yearsThis white paper describes the LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration (DESC), whose goal is the study of dark energy and related topics in fundamental physics with data from the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). It provides an overview of dark energy science and describes the current and anticipated state of the field. It makes the case for the DESC by laying out a robust analytical framework for dark energy science that has been defined by its members and the comprehensive three-year work plan they have developed for implementing that framework. The analysis working groups cover five key probes of dark energy: weak lensing, large scale structure, galaxy clusters, Type Ia supernovae, and strong lensing. The computing working groups span cosmological simulations, galaxy catalogs, photon simulations and a systematic software and computational framework for LSST dark energy data analysis. The technical working groups make the connection between dark energy science and the LSST system. The working groups have close linkages, especially through the use of the photon simulations to study the impact of instrument design and survey strategy on analysis methodology and cosmological parameter estimation. The white paper describes several high priority tasks identified by each of the 16 working groups. Over the next three years these tasks will help prepare for LSST analysis, make synergistic connections with ongoing cosmological surveys and provide the dark energy community with state of the art analysis tools. Members of the community are invited to join the LSST DESC, according to the membership policies described in the white paper. Applications to sign up for associate membership may be made by submitting the Web form at http://www.slac.stanford.edu/exp/lsst/desc/signup.html with a short statement of the work they wish to pursue that is relevant to the LSST DESC