4,128 research outputs found
Metastability, Mode Coupling and the Glass Transition
Mode coupling theory (MCT) has been successful in explaining the observed
sequence of time relaxations in dense fluids. Previous expositions of this
theory showing this sequence have required the existence of an ideal glass
transition temperature . Recent experiments show no evidence of . We
show here how the theory can be reformulated, in a fundamental way, such that
one retains this sequence of relaxation behaviors but with a smooth temperature
dependence and without any indication of . The key ingredient in the
reformulation is the inclusion of the metastable nature of the glass transition
problem through a coupling of the mass density to the defect density. A main
result of our theory is that the exponents governing the sequence of time
relaxations are weak functions of the temperature in contrast to the results
from conventional MCT.Comment: 14 pages (2 figures upon request), REVTEX
Exact Gap Computation for Code Coverage Metrics in ISO-C
Test generation and test data selection are difficult tasks for model based
testing. Tests for a program can be meld to a test suite. A lot of research is
done to quantify the quality and improve a test suite. Code coverage metrics
estimate the quality of a test suite. This quality is fine, if the code
coverage value is high or 100%. Unfortunately it might be impossible to achieve
100% code coverage because of dead code for example. There is a gap between the
feasible and theoretical maximal possible code coverage value. Our review of
the research indicates, none of current research is concerned with exact gap
computation. This paper presents a framework to compute such gaps exactly in an
ISO-C compatible semantic and similar languages. We describe an efficient
approximation of the gap in all the other cases. Thus, a tester can decide if
more tests might be able or necessary to achieve better coverage.Comment: In Proceedings MBT 2012, arXiv:1202.582
Nonequilibrium mesoscopic transport: a genealogy
Models of nonequilibrium quantum transport underpin all modern electronic
devices, from the largest scales to the smallest. Past simplifications such as
coarse graining and bulk self-averaging served well to understand electronic
materials. Such particular notions become inapplicable at mesoscopic
dimensions, edging towards the truly quantum regime. Nevertheless a unifying
thread continues to run through transport physics, animating the design of
small-scale electronic technology: microscopic conservation and nonequilibrium
dissipation. These fundamentals are inherent in quantum transport and gain even
greater and more explicit experimental meaning in the passage to atomic-sized
devices. We review their genesis, their theoretical context, and their
governing role in the electronic response of meso- and nanoscopic systems.Comment: 21p
Magnetic phases of the mixed-spin Heisenberg model on a square lattice
We study the zero-temperature phase diagram and the low-energy excitations of
a mixed-spin () Heisenberg model defined on a square lattice
by using a spin-wave analysis, the coupled cluster method, and the Lanczos
exact-diagonalization technique. As a function of the frustration parameter
(), the phase diagram exhibits a quantized ferrimagnetic phase,
a canted spin phase, and a mixed-spin collinear phase. The presented results
point towards a strong disordering effect of the frustration and quantum spin
fluctuations in the vicinity of the classical spin-flop transition. In the
extreme quantum system , we find indications of a new
quantum spin state in the region Comment: 5 PRB pages, 7 figure
Small grid embeddings of 3-polytopes
We introduce an algorithm that embeds a given 3-connected planar graph as a
convex 3-polytope with integer coordinates. The size of the coordinates is
bounded by . If the graph contains a triangle we can
bound the integer coordinates by . If the graph contains a
quadrilateral we can bound the integer coordinates by . The
crucial part of the algorithm is to find a convex plane embedding whose edges
can be weighted such that the sum of the weighted edges, seen as vectors,
cancel at every point. It is well known that this can be guaranteed for the
interior vertices by applying a technique of Tutte. We show how to extend
Tutte's ideas to construct a plane embedding where the weighted vector sums
cancel also on the vertices of the boundary face
Exact solution of the nuclear pairing problem
In many applications to finite Fermi-systems, the pairing problem has to be
treated exactly. We suggest a numerical method of exact solution based on SU(2)
quasispin algebras and demonstrate its simplicity and practicality. We show
that the treatment of binding energies with the use of the exact pairing and
uncorrelated monopole contribution of other residual interactions can serve as
an effective alternative to the full shell-model diagonalization in spherical
nuclei. A self-consistent combination of the exactly treated pairing and
Hartree-Fock method is discussed. Results for Sn isotopes indicate a good
agreement with experimental data.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure
Three heavy jet events at hadron colliders as a sensitive probe of the Higgs sector
Assuming that a non-standard neutral Higgs with an enhanced Yukawa coupling
to a bottom quark is observed at future hadron experiments, we propose a method
for a better understanding of the Higgs sector. Our procedure is based on
"counting" the number of events with heavy jets (where "heavy" stands for a c
or b jet) versus b jets, in the final state of processes in which the Higgs is
produced in association with a single high p_T c or b jet. We show that an
observed signal of the type proposed, at either the Tevatron or the LHC, will
rule out the popular two Higgs doublet model of type II as well as its
supersymmetric version - the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM), and
may provide new evidence in favor of some more exotic multi Higgs scenarios. As
an example, we show that in a version of a two Higgs doublet model which
naturally accounts for the large mass of the top quark, our signal can be
easily detected at the LHC within that framework. We also find that such a
signal may be observable at the upgraded Tevatron RunIII, if the neutral Higgs
in this model has a mass around 100 GeV and \tan\beta > 50 and if the
efficiency for distinguishing a c jet from a light jet will reach the level of
50%.Comment: Revtex, 11 pages, 4 figures embedded in the text. Main changes with
respect to Version 1: Numerical results re-calculated using the CTEQ5L pdf,
improved discussion on the experimental consequences, new references added.
Conclusions remain unchanged. As will appear in Phys. Rev.
Quantum Transport in Nonuniform Magnetic Fields: Aharonov-Bohm Ring as a Spin Switch
We study the spin-dependent magneto conductance in mesoscopic rings subject
to an inhomogeneous in-plane magnetic field. We show that the polarization
direction of transmitted spin-polarized electrons can be controlled via an
additional magnetic flux such that spin flips are induced at half a flux
quantum. This quantum interference effect is independent of the strength of the
nonuniform field applied. We give an analytical explanation for one-dimensional
rings and numerical results for corresponding ballistic microstructures.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. To be published in Physical Review Letter
Metastable Dynamics of the Hard-Sphere System
The reformulation of the mode-coupling theory (MCT) of the liquid-glass
transition which incorporates the element of metastability is applied to the
hard-sphere system. It is shown that the glass transition in this system is not
a sharp one at the special value of the density or the packing fraction, which
is in contrast to the prediction by the conventional MCT. Instead we find that
the slowing down of the dynamics occurs over a range of values of the packing
fraction. Consequently, the exponents governing the sequence of time
relaxations in the intermediate time regime are given as functions of packing
fraction with one additional parameter which describes the overall scale of the
metastable potential energy for defects in the hard-sphere system. Implications
of the present model on the recent experiments on colloidal systems are also
discussed.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figures (available upon request), RevTEX3.0, JFI
Preprint
Metastable Dynamics above the Glass Transition
The element of metastability is incorporated in the fluctuating nonlinear
hydrodynamic description of the mode coupling theory (MCT) of the liquid-glass
transition. This is achieved through the introduction of the defect density
variable into the set of slow variables with the mass density and
the momentum density . As a first approximation, we consider the case
where motions associated with are much slower than those associated with
. Self-consistently, assuming one is near a critical surface in the MCT
sense, we find that the observed slowing down of the dynamics corresponds to a
certain limit of a very shallow metastable well and a weak coupling between
and . The metastability parameters as well as the exponents
describing the observed sequence of time relaxations are given as smooth
functions of the temperature without any evidence for a special temperature. We
then investigate the case where the defect dynamics is included. We find that
the slowing down of the dynamics corresponds to the system arranging itself
such that the kinetic coefficient governing the diffusion of the
defects approaches from above a small temperature-dependent value .Comment: 38 pages, 14 figures (6 figs. are included as a uuencoded tar-
compressed file. The rest is available upon request.), RevTEX3.0+eps
- …