Tungsten thermal neutron dosimeter

Tungsten-185 activity, which is produced by neutron activation of tungsten-184, determines thermal neutron flux. Radiochemical separation methods and counting techniques for irradiated tungsten provide accurate determination of the radiation exposure

Integrating multiple representations: fighting asthma

This paper seeks to engage debates about integrating pluralisms regarding multiple forms/representations and how they might function smoothly if they are closely aligned. This paper offers, narrative poetry with an artistic impression aimed at seeing how these might interact with each other. Like poetry, visual images are unique and can evoke particular kinds of emotional and visceral responses. By offering narrative poetry together with an artistic representation it is not meant to de-value the importance of either, but it is aimed at seeing how these arts-based methods and creative analytical practices might unite as a narrative to offer knew ways of ‘knowing’ and ‘seeing

Average velocity and transport of the Gulf Stream near 55W

Long-term current measurements made with surface drifters, SOFAR floats at 700 m and 2000 m, and current meters at 4000 m have been combined to produce for the first time a vertical section of directly measured average zonal currents in and adjacent to the Gulf Stream. The results from the different data sets are remarkably consistent in showing three vertically coherent zonal jets—the Gulf Stream and two flanking countercurrents. The consistency in location, velocity and transport (per unit width) of these currents supports the conclusion that these are real features of the long-term average velocity field. The current jets coincide with a region of high eddy kinetic energy and its gradient, implying a dynamical connection.The Gulf Stream is defined to be the eastward current bounded by the countercurrents. The surface Stream is ∼900 km wide and has a maximum eastward velocity of 28 cm s−1 at 39.5N, averaged over a one degree latitude band. The Stream extends to the sea floor about 200 km south of its surface axis. The deep Stream is only ∼200 km wide and has a maximum mean velocity of 7 cm s−1. The total mean volume transport of the Stream is estimated to be 93 × 106 m3 s−1 by fitting a smooth transport profile to the four directly measured values. About a third of this is depth-independent. Including estimates of local wind-driven surface velocity diminishes the total transport by 8 × 106 m3 s−1, to 85 × 106 m3 s−1. The mean transport is significantly less than the estimated synoptic transport of the Stream in this region, approximately 150 × 106 m3 s−1.The subsurface Stream is flanked by relatively narrow, westward flowing countercurrents. The combined westward transport of the countercurrents is more than enough to locally recirculate the increase of Gulf Stream transport over the 30 × 106 m3 s−1 wind-driven component of the subtropical gyre, returned in a gyre scale flow. The northern countercurrent, located between the Stream and continental shelf and rise, transports 41 × 106 m3 s−1. Part of this westward transport is the mean southwestward flow of the Western Boundary Undercurrent, which transports 10 to 15 × 106 m3 s−1. The southern countercurrent is located between 35–37N and transports about 29 × 106 m3 s−1. Part of this transport (∼12 × 106 m3 s−1) is probably recirculated as eastward flow south of 35N. The net transport across 55W north of 35N is eastward and equal to 11–23 × 106 m3 s−1 (the low value includes the wind correction)

Walter Hoxton\u27s 1735 description of the Gulf Stream

In 1735 Walter Hoxton, on his chart of Chesapeake Bay, gave an early and accurate description of the western Gulf Stream. Hoxton\u27s pioneering measurements by ship-drift of the mean limits, direction and speed of the Gulf Stream were the first to show that the Stream is a narrow, swift boundary current which leaves the coast near Cape Hatteras. and turns eastward near 38N latitude. The Hoxton description of the Stream antedates by 35 years the Franklin-Folger chart of the Stream

Economic evaluation of a nursing-led intermediate care unit

Objectives: The aim of this paper is to examine the costs of introducing a nursing-led ward program together with examining the impact this may have on patients' outcomes. Methods; The study had a sample size of 177 patients with a mean age of 77, and randomized to either a treatment group (care on a nursing-led ward, n = 97) or a control group (standard care usually on a consultant-led acute ward, n = 80). Resource use data including length of stay, tests and investigations performed, and multidisciplinary involvement in care were collected. Results: There were no significant differences in outcome between the two groups. The inpatient costs for the treatment group were significantly higher, due to the longer length of stay in this group. However, the postdischarge costs were significantly lower for the treatment group. Conclusions: The provision of nursing-led intermediate care units has been proposed as a solution to inappropriate use of acute medical wards by patients who require additional nursing rather than medical care. Whether the treatment group is ultimately cost-additive is dependent on how long reductions in postdischarge resource use are maintained

The Impact of the National Counter-Cyclical Income Support Program for Dairy Producers on Representative Dairy Farms

This report contains the results of an analysis of the National Counter-Cyclical Income Support Program for Dairy Producers on the Agricultural and Food Policy Center’s (AFPC) representative dairy farms. The impact of the proposal on the representative farms is evaluated in terms of the change in average annual cash receipts and the change in the average annual net cash farm income. The role and potential importance of payment limits on these farms are discussed. All milk prices by state and program benefits under the payment limit binding and nonbinding scenarios were developed by FAPRI and were applied to the representative dairies. For more information on those results see the FAPRI analysis of this program.Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Livestock Production/Industries,

Motion and homogenization of vortices in anisotropic Type II superconductors

The motion of vortices in an anisotropic superconductor is considered. For a system of well-separated vortices, each vortex is found to obey a law of motion analogous to the local induction approximation, in which velocity of the vortex depends upon the local curvature and orientation. A system of closely packed vortices is then considered, and a mean field model is formulated in which the individual vortex lines are replaced by a vortex density

A Brief Summary of U.S. Farm Program Provisions

This brief publication began as a need for a short summary of farm programs and farm bills for two agricultural economics courses focusing on agricultural policy -- ag. economics 429, and ag. economics 614. It became clear that many students taking these courses had less and less background in agriculture and less (even cursory) knowledge of policies than those of the recent past. After this list was developed a number of other professional agricultural economists found copies and began to use it, hence its publication in a more structured form. The list of Farm Program Provisions is not all-inclusive. It certainly does not contain all the laws and provisions that have affected agriculture over the years. However, it is an easy reference to farm bills and provisions since 1933. We intend to update this list as time goes on to continue its usefulness to professionals and students alike.Agricultural and Food Policy,

Motion of vortices in type II superconductors

The methods of formal asymptotics are used to examine the behaviour of a system of curvilinear vortices in a type II superconductor as the thickness of the vortex cores tends to zero. The vortices then appear as singularities in the field equation and are analagous to line vortices in inviscid hydrodynamics. A local analysis near each vortex core gives an equation of motion governing the evolution of these singularities