State of structural typing support in Scala 3.3.0

Scala's type system is primarily based on nominal typing. Scala 3 introduces a special type, Selectable, which provides an infrastructure for structural typing. Karlsson and Haller proposed improvements to Selectable to support extensible records. In this paper, we review several Scala 3 projects that involve structural typing. We find that their implementation or usability would benefit from the extensible records proposal from Karlsson and Haller. We investigate the remaining common challenges when working with structural types. In particular, we identify that a dedicated syntax for both record types and record literals would be the most beneficial addition to the language

Ligand-induced estrogen receptor α degradation by the proteasome: new actors?

In this perspective we consider new aspects of ligand-induced estrogen receptor α (ERα) degradation. What are the possible roles of CSN5/Jab1 and the CSN complex in this process? We compare hormone (estrogen) or pure antagonist (fulvestrant) induced degradation of ERα and review the effects of kinase-inhibitors and CRM1-dependent nuclear export on ERα degradation and transcription activation. A model for ERα action integrating these new actors is proposed and the relation between hormone-induced ERα degradation and transcription-activation is discussed

Estrogen and Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity

During the past several years, there has been increasing interest in the effects of estrogen on neural function. This enthusiasm is driven, in part, by the results of early clinical studies suggesting that estrogen therapy given after menopause may prevent, or at least delay, the onset of Alzheimer\u27s disease in older women. However, later clinical trials of women with probable Alzheimer\u27s disease had contrary results. Much of the current research related to estrogen and brain function is focused in two directions. One involves clinical studies that examine the potential of estrogen in protecting against cognitive decline during normal aging and against Alzheimer\u27s disease (neuroprotection). The other direction, which is the primary focus of this review, involves laboratory studies that examine the mechanisms by which estrogen can modify the structure of nerve cells and alter the way neurons communicate with other cells in the brain (neuroplasticity). In this review, we examine recent evidence from experimental and clinical research on the rapid effects of estrogen on several mechanisms that involve synaptic plasticity in the nervous system, including hippocampal excitability, long-term potentiation and depression related to sex and aging differences, cellular neuroprotection and probable molecular mechanisms of the action of estrogen in brain tissue

Quand partir est trop difficile : l'abandon d'un projet d'études en situation de migration /

Également disponible en version électronique.La présente recherche a été subventionnée par le ministère de l'Éducation, du Loisir et du Sport dans le cadre du Programme de recherche et d'expérimentation pédagogique (PREP) de l'Association des collèges privés du Québec (ACPQ).Bibliographie : pages 125-131

Estrogen and Hippocampal Plasticity in Rodent Models

Accumulating evidence indicates that ovarian hormones regulate a wide variety of non-reproductive functions in the central nervous system by interacting with several molecular and cellular processes. A growing animal literature using both adult and aged rodent models indicates that 17β-estradiol, the most potent of the biologically relevant estrogens, facilitates some forms of learning and memory, in particular those that involve hippocampal-dependent tasks. A recently developed triple-transgenic mouse (3xTg-AD) has been widely used as an animal model of Alzheimer\u27s disease, as this mouse exhibits an age-related and progressive neuropathological phenotype that includes both plaque and tangle pathology mainly restricted to hippocampus, amygdala and cerebral cortex. In this report, we examine recent studies that compare the effects of ovarian hormones on synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity in adult and aged rodents. A better understanding of the non-reproductive functions of ovarian hormones has far-reaching implications for hormone therapy to maintain health and function within the nervous system throughout aging

Trends in provision of photodynamic therapy and clinician attitudes: a tracker survey of a new health technology

BACKGROUND: There has been debate about the cost-effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT), a treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. We have been monitoring trends for the provision of PDT in the UK National Health Service. The fourth annual 'tracker' survey took place as definitive National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidance was issued. We assessed trends in PDT provision up to the point of release of the NICE guidance and identified likely sources of pressure on ophthalmologists to provide PDT. METHODS: National postal questionnaire survey of clinicians with potential responsibility for PDT provision. The survey explored reported local provision, beliefs about the effectiveness of PDT and what sources of opinion might influence attitudes towards providing PDT. RESULTS: The response rate was 73% (111/150). Almost half of the surveyed ophthalmology units routinely provided PDT, as part of a trend of steady growth in provision. The proportion of respondents who believed that further proof of effectiveness was required has also declined despite the absence of any new substantial evidence. Attitudes towards providing PDT were positive, on average, and were more strongly associated with perceived social pressure from local colleagues than from other sources. Local colleagues were seen as being most approving of PDT. CONCLUSION: Those responsible for implementing the NICE guidance need to address ophthalmologists' beliefs about the evidence of effectiveness for PDT and draw upon supportive local individuals or networks to enhance the credibility of the guidance

Les défis d'étudier loin de chez soi: regards sur le parcours et l'intégration des migrants pour études

La présente recherche a été subventionnée par le ministère de l'Éducation, du Loisir et du Sport dans le cadre du Programme d'aide à la recherche sur l'enseignement et l'apprentissage (PAREA)Également disponible en version papier."Texte de vulgarisation du rapport PAREA 2013"Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 15 juil. 2013

Les défis d'étudier loin de chez soi regards sur le parcours et l'intégration des migrants pour études /

La présente recherche a été subventionnée par le ministère de l'Éducation, du Loisir et du Sport dans le cadre du Programme d'aide à la recherche sur l'enseignement et l'apprentissage (PAREA)Également disponible en version papier."Texte de vulgarisation du rapport PAREA 2013"Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 15 juil. 2013