Additional file 1: of Fungal infections in adult patients on extracorporeal life support

Appendix 1. ELSO Registry Case Report Form (document). Appendix 2. Patient selection (list). Appendix 3. Details of Aspergillus involvement (table). Appendix 4. Survival of patients according to number of cultures other than blood positive for Candida (table). Appendix 5. Multiple logistic regression for Aspergillus (table). Appendix 6. Multiple logistic regression for Candida bloodstream infection (table). Appendix 7. Multiple logistic regression for survival (table). Appendix 8. Case distribution by year (figure). (PDF 1090 kb

A pilot study of cognitive remediation in remitted major depressive disorder patients

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with working memory (WM) impairments. These deficits often persist following remission and are associated with rumination, a recognized risk factor for depression relapse. The efficacy of WM-targeted cognitive remediation as a potential relapse prevention tool has not been investigated. The present pilot study aimed to investigate the feasibility, acceptability, and cognitive benefits of a WM-targeted cognitive remediation program in remitted depression. Twenty-eight MDD participants in remission were recruited. The intervention consisted of twenty-five 30–40-minute training sessions, coupled with weekly coaching, administered over a 5-week period. Before and after the intervention, a battery of objective neuropsychological tests and self-report measures was administered. Key outcomes were WM, inhibition and rumination. Acceptability of the intervention was observed, with 83% showing high motivation, along with WM gains for all completers (n =18, 64% of recruited participants). The cognitive remediation selectively improved targeted WM functions, as measured by objective tests. This did not translate into self-reported improvements in everyday WM or inhibition. However, all but one completer achieved at least one personal goal related to WM and 44% achieved two or, the maximum possible, three such goals. For remitters whose WM was significantly enhanced after the intervention, the cognitive remediation also decreased dysphoric-mood related rumination. The successful pilot testing of the WM-targeted intervention supports the conduct of a fully powered randomized controlled trial as a relapse prevention approach in remitted MDD

Body Mass Index and Mortality Among Adults Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Nationwide Study With a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: In an apparent paradox, morbidity and mortality are lower in obese patients undergoing cardiac surgery, although the nature of this association is unclear. We sought to determine whether the obesity paradox observed in cardiac surgery is attributable to reverse epidemiology, bias, or confounding. METHODS: Data from the National Adult Cardiac Surgery registry for all cardiac surgical procedures performed between April 2002 and March 2013 were extracted. A parallel systematic review and meta-analysis (MEDLINE, Embase, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library) through June 2015 were also accomplished. Exposure of interest was body mass index categorized into 6 groups according to the World Health Organization classification. RESULTS: A total of 401 227 adult patients in the cohort study and 557 720 patients in the systematic review were included. A U-shaped association between mortality and body mass index classes was observed in both studies, with lower mortality in overweight (adjusted odds ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.76-0.83) and obese class I and II (odds ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.76-0.86; and odds ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.74-0.94) patients relative to normal-weight patients and increased mortality in underweight individuals (odds ratio, 1.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.41-1.62). In the cohort study, a U-shaped relationship was observed for stroke and low cardiac output syndrome but not for renal replacement therapy or deep sternal wound infection. Counter to the reverse epidemiology hypotheses, the protective effects of obesity were less in patients with severe chronic renal, lung, or cardiac disease and greater in older patients and in those with complications of obesity, including the metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis. Adjustments for important confounders did not alter our results. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity is associated with lower risks after cardiac surgery, with consistent effects noted in multiple analyses attempting to address residual confounding and reverse causation

Aminograms of compartments relative to each.

<p>(A) Emb-LPD and (B) NPD treatments on day d3.5 as taken from <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0052791#pone-0052791-t004" target="_blank">Table 4</a>.</p

Maternal diet effects on mTORC1 signalling.

<p>Quantitative immunoblotting of mTORC1 downstream targets (A–C) S6 protein, (D–F) 4E-BP1 protein normalised to α-tubulin. Representative blots for (A) total S6; (B) phosphorylated S6; (C) relative intensity of total, phosphorylated and ratio of S6 in Emb-LPD and NPD blastocysts; (D) total 4E-BP1; (E) phosphorylated 4E-BP1; (C) relative intensity of total, phosphorylated and ratio of 4E-BP1 in Emb-LPD and NPD blastocysts. Individual blot lanes include MW markers (left) and samples of Emb-LPD (L) and NPD (N) blastocysts (25 blastocysts per lane) and loading control (LC, pooled blastocysts at 25 per lane). * P<0.05, n = 8 samples per treatment.</p

Uterine fluid concentrations of free amino acids from mice fed either NPD or Emb-LPD at 2.5, 3.5 or 4.5 days of pregnancy.

<p>Values shown with SEM. Differences between diet treatment at individual time points represented by * = P<0.05; † = P<0.01; ‡ = P<0.001; trend ▵ = P<0.1. Differences between time points within the same diet group represented by different letter (P<0.05).</p>1<p>2.5 days NPD: n = 9 for Alanine, Glycine, non-essential and total amino acids; 3.5 days NPD and Emb-LPD: n = 9 for Taurine, non-essential and total amino acids; 4.5 days NPD and Emb-LPD: n = 10 or 6 for Taurine, non-essential and total amino acids; 4.5 days Emb-LPD: n = 14 for Alanine, Leucine, essential and branched amino acids.</p

Maternal diet effects on blastocysts and outgrowths.

<p>(A) Emb-LPD and NPD blastocyst maturity at E3.5. n = 13–15 mothers per treatment. (B) Emb-LPD and NPD blastocyst cell number at E3.5 and E3.75 within trophectoderm (TE) and ICM and total pools, * P<0.05. n = 135–156 embryos from 11–12 mothers. (C) Representative brightfield image of blastocyst outgrowth showing trophoblast (TB) and ICM cells and with perimeter line included for area measurement, plus corresponding DAPI image for nuclei; Scale bar = 20 µm. (D) Area of outgrowths at 72 h culture, * P<0.05. n = 34–41 per treatment. (E) Area increase during 48–72 h culture, expressed as % change from 48 h, in different concentrations of rapamycin, different letters or * P<0.05. n = 18–23 per treatment.</p

Serum concentrations of free amino acids from mice fed either NPD or Emb-LPD at day 2.5, 3.5 or 4.5 of pregnancy.

<p>Values shown with SEM. Differences between diet treatment at individual time points represented by * = P<0.05; † = P<0.01; ‡ = P<0.001; trend ▵ = p<0.1. Differences between time points within the same diet group represented by different letter (P<0.05).</p>1<p>3.5 days NPD: n = 14 for Alanine, Threonine, essential, non-essential and total amino acids.</p

Blastocyst free amino acid concentration and relative % at day 3.5 of pregnancy from mice fed either NPD or Emb-LPD from morning after mating.

<p>Values shown with SEM. Differences between diet treatment at individual time points represented by * = P<0.05; † = P<0.01; ‡ = P<0.001; ▵ = trend, P<0.1.</p>1<p>NPD: n = 15 for Phenylalanine, essential amino acids and n = 14 for Hypotaurine, non-essential and total amino acids; Emb-LPD: n = 18 for Lysine, Methionine, Tyrosine, n = 17 for Alanine, Histidine, Phenylalanine, n = 16 for essential amino acids, n = 15 for Hypotaurine, n = 14 for non-essential amino acids, n = 13 for total amino acids.</p

Adjusted associations with vaccine exposure for detecting a type-specific HPV infection.

*<p> <i>Odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI) and p-values are shown for vaccine effect on HPV detection for each HPV type (or types) comparing fully vaccinated to unvaccinated subjects excluding those presenting with 1 or 2 doses at enrollment. The estimates were derived by multivariate generalized estimating equation (GEE) with logistic regression mutually adjusting for all concurrent types, age, ethnicity, number of vaginal sex partners, and history of chlamydia.</i></p