Placental Transfusion for Asphyxiated Infants.

The current recommendation for umbilical cord management of non-vigorous infants (limp, pale, and not breathing) who need resuscitation at birth is to immediately clamp the umbilical cord. This recommendation is due in part to insufficient evidence for delayed cord clamping (DCC) or umbilical cord milking (UCM). These methods may provide a neuroprotective mechanism that also facilitates cardiovascular transition for non-vigorous infants at birth

Yeast cytochrome c oxidase: a model system to study mitochondrial forms of the haem-copper oxidase superfamily.

The known subunits of yeast mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase are reviewed. The structures of all eleven of its subunits are explored by building homology models based on the published structures of the homologous bovine subunits and similarities and differences are highlighted, particularly of the core functional subunit I. Yeast genetic techniques to enable introduction of mutations into the three core mitochondrially-encoded subunits are reviewed

Substrate-specific clades of active marine methylotrophs associated with a phytoplankton bloom in a temperate coastal environment

Marine microorganisms that consume one-carbon (C1) compounds are poorly described, despite their impact on global climate via an influence on aquatic and atmospheric chemistry. This study investigated marine bacterial communities involved in the metabolism of C1 compounds. These communities were of relevance to surface seawater and atmospheric chemistry in the context of a bloom that was dominated by phytoplankton known to produce dimethylsulfoniopropionate. In addition to using 16S rRNA gene fingerprinting and clone libraries to characterize samples taken from a bloom transect in July 2006, seawater samples from the phytoplankton bloom were incubated with 13C-labeled methanol, monomethylamine, dimethylamine, methyl bromide, and dimethyl sulfide to identify microbial populations involved in the turnover of C1 compounds, using DNA stable isotope probing. The [13C]DNA samples from a single time point were characterized and compared using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), fingerprint cluster analysis, and 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis. Bacterial community DGGE fingerprints from 13C-labeled DNA were distinct from those obtained with the DNA of the nonlabeled community DNA and suggested some overlap in substrate utilization between active methylotroph populations growing on different C1 substrates. Active methylotrophs were affiliated with Methylophaga spp. and several clades of undescribed Gammaproteobacteria that utilized methanol, methylamines (both monomethylamine and dimethylamine), and dimethyl sulfide. rRNA gene sequences corresponding to populations assimilating 13C-labeled methyl bromide and other substrates were associated with members of the Alphaproteobacteria (e.g., the family Rhodobacteraceae), the Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides group, and unknown taxa. This study expands the known diversity of marine methylotrophs in surface seawater and provides a comprehensive data set for focused cultivation and metagenomic analyses in the future

Increasing the Frequency of Twinning in Beef Cows

The beef cow must be maintained throughout the year to produce only one useful product, a weaner calf. If she fails to wean a calf, the costs of maintaining her must be borne by the productive members of the herd. In the United States, the estimated percent calf crop ranges from 65 to 90% with 85% suggested as average for the more productive areas of the country. This means maintaining 100 cows for every 85 calves weaned. However, the rancher normally must add replacement heifers at the rate of 15% of the cow herd each year. This means marketing 70 weaning calves per 100 cows. One potential method of improving production efficiency is to increase the number of calves per 100 cows. Twinning could be a method of reaching this goal

A Comparison of Visual Observation and KaMar Heat Detectors as a Means of Detecting Heat in Heifers

The key to any successful artificial insemination program is doing an adequate job of detecting cows in heat. Not only is heat detection difficult for the inexperienced person, it requires considerable time and labor. There are devices available on the market which are designed to reduce labor requirements associated with heat detection. One of these devices is the heatmotmt detector called KaMar® (KaMar Inc., Steamboat Springs, Colorado). The purpose of this study was to compare the KaMar patch to a person experienced in detecting yearling heifers in heat

A self-controlled microcontrolled microvalve

Integrated microvalves are needed for a broad range of semiconductor-processing-related applications. These include precision mass microflow controllers (μFCs) for dry etch systems, miniature gas chromatography systems for real-time monitoring, point-of-use semiconductor process reactant generators, and compact control systems for mini-environments. This paper reports a pneumatically actuated, integrated silicon microvalve, which was developed as a forerunner to an 8b μFC intended for the precision control of semiconductor process gases in the range from 0.1 to 10 sccm. The structure was designed to be batch-fabricated and compatible with on-chip thermopneumatic actuation. Assembled single-bit μFC devices achieve the targeted flow rate of 5 sccm (determined by an in-line flow channel) at 20 psid (1034 torr). The valve alone may achieve significantly higher flow rates. The leak rate is 0.08 sccm under 26.1 psig actuation pressure, and the valve can seal against pressures greater than 29 psid (1500 torr). © 1998 American Institute of Physics.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/87556/2/937_1.pd

Deep near-IR observations of the Globular Cluster M4: Hunting for Brown Dwarfs

We present an analysis of deep HST/WFC3 near-IR (NIR) imaging data of the globular cluster M4. The best-photometry NIR colour-magnitude diagram (CMD) clearly shows the main sequence extending towards the expected end of the Hydrogen-burning limit and going beyond this point towards fainter sources. The white dwarf sequence can be identified. As such, this is the deepest NIR CMD of a globular cluster to date. Archival HST optical data were used for proper-motion cleaning of the CMD and for distinguishing the white dwarfs (WDs) from brown dwarf (BD) candidates. Detection limits in the NIR are around F110W approx 26.5 mag and F160W approx27 mag, and in the optical around F775W approx 28 mag. Comparing our observed CMDs with theoretical models, we conclude that we have reached beyond the H-burning limit in our NIR CMD and are probably just above or around this limit in our optical-NIR CMDs. Thus, any faint NIR sources that have no optical counterpart are potential BD candidates, since the optical data are not deep enough to detect them. We visually inspected the positions of NIR sources which are fainter than the H-burning limit in F110W and for which the optical photometry did not return a counterpart. We found in total five sources for which we did not get an optical measurement. For four of these five sources, a faint optical counterpart could be visually identified, and an upper optical magnitude was estimated. Based on these upper optical magnitude limits, we conclude that one source is likely a WD, one source could either be a WD or BD candidate, and the remaining two sources agree with being BD candidates. For only one source no optical counterpart could be detected, which makes this source a good BD candidate. We conclude that we found in total four good BD candidates.Comment: ApJ accepted, 28 pages including 16 figure

The Influence of Flushing During Estrus on Ovulation and Embryo Survival to 30 Days Gestation

English workers have reported that doubling the feed from 4 to 8 lb. for one feeding after breeding tended to increase the number of ovulation sites and the number of pigs born. Workers at Kentucky have also found similar results when gilts were fed ad libitum for a 12-hour period following breeding. Previous work done at this station has failed to confirm these reports. The experiment reported here is a further attempt to substantiate this work under South Dakota conditions

The Effects of One Day Flushing and Early Gestation Energy Levels on Reproductive Performance of Gilts

The experiment reported here was conducted to determine what effect one-feed flushing and energy level during the first third of gestation had on reproductive performance