Effects of Environmental Enrichment on the Behavior of Octopus vulgaris in a Recirculating Aquaculture System

Octopus vulgaris is a commercially valuable species. It is overexploited in the natural environment and is considered to be an innovative species for aquaculture. However, large-scale farming is generally designed only based on economic requirements, disregarding any form of enrichment that induces the natural behavior of aquatic species. Although many studies have shown the influence of environmental enrichment on terrestrial vertebrates, fish, and cephalopod mollusks, information on the effect of environmental enrichment on the body patterns of O. vulgaris is limited. Therefore, in this study, we assessed how different environmental conditions (Basic vs. Enriched) affect sub-adults of O. vulgaris kept in recirculation systems, through qualitative–quantitative studies of the main body patterns and their potential application in the commercial production of this species. The results indicated that octopuses kept in the enriched environment showed several body patterns and gained a significantly higher weight than those kept in the basic environment. The body patterns displayed by the individuals kept in the basic environment were similar to those exhibited under situations of hostility and inter/intra-specific conflict. Hence, the environment of octopuses needs to be enriched, especially for the large-scale production of this species

Effects of environmental enrichment on the behavior of Octopus vulgaris in a recirculating aquaculture system

Octopus vulgaris is a commercially valuable species. It is overexploited in the natural envi-24 ronment and is considered to be an innovative species for aquaculture. However, large-scale farm-25 ing is generally designed only based on economic requirements, disregarding any form of enrich-26 ment that to induce the natural behavior of aquatic species. Although many studies have shown the 27 influence of environmental enrichment on terrestrial vertebrates, fish, and cephalopod mollusks, 28 information on the effect of environmental enrichment on the body patterns of O. vulgaris is limited. 29 Therefore, in this study, we assessed how different environmental conditions (Basic vs. Enriched) 30 affect sub-adults of O. vulgaris kept in recirculation systems, through qualitative–quantitative stud-31 ies of the main body patterns and their potential application in the commercial production of this 32 species. The results indicated that octopuses kept in the enriched environment showed several body 33 patterns and gained a significantly higher weight than those kept in the basic environment. The 34 body patterns displayed by the individuals kept in the basic environment were similar to those 35 exhibited under situations of hostility and inter/intra-specific conflict. Hence, the environment of 36 octopuses needs to be enriched, especially for the large-scale production of this species

Increased expression of interleukin-22 in patients with giant cell arteritis

GCA is characterized by arterial remodelling driven by inflammation. IL-22 is an attractive cytokine which acts at the crosstalk between immune and stromal cells. We hypothesized that IL-22 might be induced in GCA and might be involved in disease pathogenesis

Improvement of Hyperthermia Properties of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles by Surface Coating

Magnetic hyperthermia is an oncological therapy that exploits magnetic nanoparticles activated by radiofrequency magnetic fields to produce a controlled temperature increase in a diseased tissue. The specific loss power (SLP) of magnetic nanoparticles or the capability to release heat can be improved using surface treatments, which can reduce agglomeration effects, thus impacting on local magnetostatic interactions. In this work, Fe3O4 nanoparticles are synthesized via a coprecipitation reaction and fully characterized in terms of structural, morphological, dimensional, magnetic, and hyperthermia properties (under the Hergt–Dutz limit). Different types of surface coatings are tested, comparing their impact on the heating efficacy and colloidal stability, resulting that sodium citrate leads to a doubling of the SLP with a substantial improvement in dispersion and stability in solution over time; an SLP value of around 170 W/g is obtained in this case for a 100 kHz and 48 kA/m magnetic field

Pietro da Noceto

Biografica sintetica di Pietro da Nocet

Tracce di rotuli nella documentazione inquisitoriale italiana (secc. XIII-XIV)

Ricerca sulle fonti superstiti in forma di rotuli per l'Inquisizione medievale italiana.The paper examines the presence of rolls among the scarce survival of sources concerning the italian Inquisition between 13th and 14th centuries. The very low number of documents pinpointed does not provide univocal resultes: despite of an identical documentary typology, the contents and the goals are uneven and sometimes difficult to perceive. In any case, the choice of rotuli was certainly determined by the facility of transportation of legal cases, often long and complex. An important feature that ties the four rolls identified is represented by the same provenance from the milieu of the Order of Friars Minor: this factor inevitably recalls the wider use and production of rotuli among the Franciscans since the origins

Manifestazioni di dissenso alla repressione del nonconformismo religioso

The contribution deals with a form of dissent up to now studied in a rather sporadic manner, that is to say that against the repression of medieval religious otherness. If the most noted episodes of a similar dynamic enter into the category of a sometimes violent opposition coming from society and outside the ecclesiastical institutions – one thinks to some revolts, even mass ones, against the inquisitors – a noticeable dissent whose manifestation emerges from inside the same religious orders can be seen. Looking into detail, it seems that the finality of repressive action was never put into discussion as it was aimed at upholding the faith, understood as a common good, from the moment that the reactions rather tend to concentrate themselves on the behaviour of the office holders of the tribunal and on the abuse of their dilatory prerogatives connected to the exercise of their functions

Mendicant Orders and the Repression of Heresy

Studio della repressione dell'eresia a Bologna ad opera degli Ordini mendicanti nel medioev

Rolando da Cremona

Profilo biografico di Rolando da Cremon